KPZ modes in dd-dimensional directed polymers

We define a stochastic lattice model for a fluctuating directed polymer in $d\geq 2$ dimensions. This model can be alternatively interpreted as a fluctuating random path in 2 dimensions, or a one-dimensional asymmetric simple exclusion process with $d-1$ conserved species of particles. The deterministic large dynamics of the directed polymer are shown to be given by a system of coupled Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equations and diffusion equations. Using non-linear fluctuating hydrodynamics and mode coupling theory we argue that stationary fluctuations in any dimension $d$ can only be of KPZ type or diffusive. The modes are pure in the sense that there are only subleading couplings to other modes, thus excluding the occurrence of modified KPZ-fluctuations or L\'evy-type fluctuations which are common for more than one conservation law. The mode-coupling matrices are shown to satisfy the so-called trilinear condition.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figure

Testing of pear trees on their own roots in comparison with important used rootstocks under organic farming conditions with special regard to fire blight (E. amylovora)

Pear trees on their own roots are tested in comparison to grafted trees in growth and yield characteristics and with special regard to the tolerance to diseases, above all fire blight (Erwinia amylovora). In spring 2004 15 randomized trees of the cultivar 'Williams' from three variants (self rooted in vitro, self rooted long cuttings, grafted on Quince A) were planted in a pear orchard, which was heavily infected with fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) the previous years. The trees were left untreated. Growth and yield characteristics, plant diseases and tree losses were observed. After four years the in vitro self rooted trees were significantly more vigorous in growth than those grafted on quince A. The self rooted long cuttings were comparable in growth with grafts on quince, but showed high tree losses probably due to frost damages in the first winter one year after planting. However no infections with Erwinia amylovora could be observed so far. In a field trial with more cultivars and rootstock variants planted in 2006 at two organically managed sites more significant effects are expected in the next years

Austrian higher education institutions' idiosyncrasies and technology transfer system

The aim of this paper is to present the findings of a PhD research (Heinzl, 2007) conducted on the Universities of Applied Sciences in Austria. The research is to establish an idiosyncrasy model for Universities of Applied Sciences in Austria showing the effects of their idiosyncrasies on the ability to successfully conduct technology transfer. Research applied in the study is centred on qualitative methods as major emphasis is placed on theory building. The study pursues a stepwise approach for the establishment of the idiosyncrasy model. In the first step, an initial technology transfer model and list of idiosyncrasies are established based on a synthesis of findings from secondary research. In the second step, these findings are enhanced by the means of empirical research including problem-centred expert interviews, a focus group and participant observation. In the third step, the idiosyncrasies are matched with the factors conducive for technology transfer and focused interviews have been conducted for this purpose. The findings show that idiosyncrasies of Universities of Applied Sciences have remarkable effects on their technology transfer abilities. This paper presents four of the models that emerge from the PhD research: Generic Technology Transfer Model (Section 5.1); Idiosyncrasies Model for the Austrian Universities of Applied Sciences (Section 5.2); Idiosyncrasies-Technology Transfer Effects Model (Section 5.3); Idiosyncrasies-Technology Transfer Cumulated Effects Model (Section 5.3). The primary and secondary research methods employed for this study are: literature survey, focus groups, participant observation, and interviews. The findings of the research contribute to a conceptual design of a technology transfer system which aims to enhance the higher education institutions' technology transfer performance

Feasibility of high-voltage systems for a very long drift in liquid argon TPCs

Designs of high-voltage (HV) systems for creating a drift electric field in liquid argon TPCs are reviewed. In ongoing experiments systems capable of approx. 100 kV are realised for a drift field of 0.5-1 kV/cm over a length of up to 1.5 m. Two of them having different approaches are presented: (1) the ICARUS-T600 detector having a system consisting of an external power supply, HV feedthroughs and resistive voltage degraders and (2) the ArDM-1t detector having a cryogenic Greinacher HV multiplier inside the liquid argon volume. For a giant scale liquid argon TPC, a system providing 2 MV may be required to attain a drift length of approx. 20 m. Feasibility of such a system is evaluated by extrapolating the existing designs.Comment: 8 pages, 13 figures, to appear in Proc. of 1st International Workshop towards the Giant Liquid Argon Charge Imaging Experiment (GLA2010), Tsukuba (Japan), March 201

An Individualized Approach to Translator Training

ESOL teachers are often asked by their colleagues or school administrators to do translations. Yet few of them know very much about the profession of translator. This paper is designed to give them insights into the field of translation and what skills are necessary to be a professional translator. It describes three translator training programs in the United States and contains a proposal for a translator training program based on individualization through learning contracts. It discusses how candidates could be chosen for the program, how the program could be individualized, possible courses to be offered, and suggestions for implementation

A burst with double radio spectrum observed up to 212 GHz

We study a solar flare that occurred on September 10, 2002, in active region NOAA 10105 starting around 14:52 UT and lasting approximately 5 minutes in the radio range. The event was classified as M2.9 in X-rays and 1N in H\alpha. Solar Submillimeter Telescope observations, in addition to microwave data give us a good spectral coverage between 1.415 and 212 GHz. We combine these data with ultraviolet images, hard and soft X-rays observations and full-disk magnetograms. Images obtained from Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imaging data are used to identify the locations of X-ray sources at different energies and to determine the X-ray spectrum, while ultra violet images allow us to characterize the coronal flaring region. The magnetic field evolution of the active region is analyzed using Michelson Doppler Imager magnetograms. The burst is detected at all available radio-frequencies. X-ray images (between 12 keV and 300 keV) reveal two compact sources and 212 GHz data, used to estimate the radio source position, show a single compact source displaced by 25" from one of the hard X-ray footpoints. We model the radio spectra using two homogeneous sources, and combine this analysis with that of hard X-rays to understand the dynamics of the particles. Relativistic particles, observed at radio wavelengths above 50 GHz, have an electron index evolving with the typical soft-hard-soft behaviour.Comment: Submitted to Solar Physics, 20 pages, 8 fugure