681 research outputs found
Resonantly enhanced filamentation in gases
In this Letter, a low-loss Kerr-driven optical filament in Krypton gas is
experimentally reported in the ultraviolet. The experimental findings are
supported by ab initio quantum calculations describing the atomic optical
response. Higher-order Kerr effect induced by three-photon resonant transitions
is identified as the underlying physical mechanism responsible for the
intensity stabilization during the filamentation process, while ionization
plays only a minor role. This result goes beyond the commonly-admitted paradigm
of filamentation, in which ionization is a necessary condition of the filament
intensity clamping. At resonance, it is also experimentally demonstrated that
the filament length is greatly extended because of a strong decrease of the
optical losses
Business cycle volatility and country size: evidence for a sample of OECD countries
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between business cycle volatility and country size using quarterly data for a sample of OECD countries over 1960-2000. The results suggest very strongly that the relationship between country size and business cycle volatility is negative and statistically significant. This finding is very robust, suggesting that country size does matter, at least for the severity of cyclical fluctuations
Orientation and Alignment Echoes
We present what is probably the simplest classical system featuring the echo
phenomenon - a collection of randomly oriented free rotors with dispersed
rotational velocities. Following excitation by a pair of time-delayed impulsive
kicks, the mean orientation/alignment of the ensemble exhibits multiple echoes
and fractional echoes. We elucidate the mechanism of the echo formation by
kick-induced filamentation of phase space, and provide the first experimental
demonstration of classical alignment echoes in a thermal gas of CO_2 molecules
excited by a pair of femtosecond laser pulses
The ejection of triatomic molecular hydrogen ions H-3(+) produced by the interaction of benzene molecules with ultrafast laser pulses
n/
Sources of Output Fluctuations During the Interwar Period: Further Evidence on the Causes of the Great Depression
This paper decomposes output fluctuations during the 1913 to 1940 period into components resulting from aggregate supply and aggregate demand shocks. We estimates a number of different models, all of which yield qualitatively similar results. While identification is normally achieved by assuming that aggregate demand shocks have no long run real effects, we also estimate models that allow demand shocks to permanently affect output. Our findings support the following three conclusions: (i) there was a large negative aggregate demand shock in November 1929, immediately after the stock market crash; (ii) aggregate demand shocks are mainly responsible for the decline in output through mid to late 1931; (iii) beginning in mid 1931 there is an aggregate supply collapse that coincides with the onset on severe bank panics.
Fractional Echoes
We report the observation of fractional echoes in a double-pulse excited
nonlinear system. Unlike standard echoes which appear periodically at delays
which are integer multiple of the delay between the two exciting pulses, the
fractional echoes appear at rational fractions of this delay. We discuss the
mechanism leading to this phenomenon, and provide the first experimental
demonstration of fractional echoes by measuring third harmonic generation in a
thermal gas of CO2 molecules excited by a pair of femtosecond laser pulses
- âŠ