Propuesta pedag?gica para fortalecer la comprensi?n lectora en los estudiantes del grado tercero de educaci?n b?sica primaria, del colegio Jazm?n Occidental usando como estrategia el cuento

132 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl presente trabajo de investigaci?n realizado en el colegio Jazm?n Occidental, tuvo como objetivo analizar los niveles de comprensi?n lectora en los estudiantes del grado tercero a trav?s de un proceso de observaci?n, en donde se aplicaron encuestas y se realizaron talleres de lectura en el aula encontrando que los estudiantes presentan bajos niveles de comprensi?n lectora. Las dificultades en la comprensi?n lectora atrasan y obstaculizan no solo el proceso de aprendizaje si no la construcci?n de referentes para interpretar la realidad. Por lo tanto, teniendo en cuenta los resultados de la investigaci?n, se desarroll? una propuesta pedag?gica dirigida a fortalecer en los estudiantes objeto de estudio los niveles de comprensi?n lectora. La propuesta pedag?gica se centra en la b?squeda y aplicaci?n de herramientas did?cticas compiladas en talleres en los que se desarrollar? el tema de la lectura usando como estrategia el cuento desde una perspectiva en donde los ni?os son los verdaderos protagonistas del aprendizaje.The present research work in school Jazm?n Occidental, aimed to analyze the levels of reading comprehension in students from third grade through a process of observation, where surveys were applied and reading workshops were conducted in the classroom finding students have low levels of reading comprehension. The difficulties in reading comprehension behind and not only hinder the learning process if not building relating to interpret reality. Therefore, taking into account the results of the research, a pedagogical proposal to strengthen the students under study reading comprehension levels developed. The pedagogical approach focuses on finding and implementing educational tools compiled in workshops on the subject of reading using as a strategy the story from a perspective where children are the true protagonists of learning will take place. Keywords: Reading, teaching, learning, interpretation

Material reutilizable como instrumento de innovaci?n para el desarrollo del pensamiento matem?tico

129 p. Recurso Electr?nic

Solar and biomass hybridization through hydrothermal carbonization

Hydrothermal carbonization process can transform wet bio-wastes into value-added products. This work aims to hybridize a concentrating solar technology and a biomass reactor for the continuous and sustainable valorization of biomass. The novel technology proposed integrates a linear beam-down solar field with a twin-screw reactor for continuous HTC process. The solar field consists of two reflections that concentrate linearly the sun energy on the ground, where the twin-screw reactor is placed. A mathematical model is proposed to solve both the heat transfer and HTC kinetics for a co-rotating twin-screw reactor. The incoming heat flux from the solar field (8-20 kW/m(2)), the reactor length (L/D = 30-60 where D is the diameter) and the rotating velocity of the screw (25-100 rpm) are the main variables used to process the biomass up to the desired severity factor. The simulation results of different lignocellulosic biomasses (loblolly pine, sugarcane bagasse, corn stover and rice husk) are validated against literature data. The developed model shows good agreement with experimental results shown in the literature. The proposed technology foresees hydrochar yields of 64-78% for severity factors of 4.2 and 5.3, respectively, in agreement to the experimental results of 63-70% shown in literature. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

La motivaci?n como elemento fundamental en los procesos de ense?anza y aprendizaje de los ni?os y ni?as del nivel transici?n de la instituci?n educativa San Francisco

53 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl proyecto titulado la motivaci?n como elemento fundamental en los procesos de ense?anza y aprendizaje de los ni?os y ni?as del nivel transici?n de la Instituci?n Educativa San Francisco Sede Cural La Tigrera, ha sido realizado con el objetivo de Identificar la relaci?n entre familia y escuela como agentes motivacionales en los procesos de ense?anza y aprendizaje de los ni?os y ni?as del nivel de transici?n de la Instituci?n Educativa San Francisco Sede Cural la tigrera, la idea es establecer posibles soluciones a esta problem?tica identificada, ya que la misma est? generando en los educandos diferentes dificultades en sus procesos de ense?anza y aprendizaje, con ello se pretende lograr sacar las conclusiones de dichos comportamientos y realizar algunas recomendaciones que den pie para un mejoramiento en cuando a la integraci?n entre familia y escuela, permita el mejor desempe?o del estudiante en todos los aspectos de su labor estudiantil y la responsabilidad compartida entre familia y escuela, todo ello a trav?s de las encuestas y entrevistas informales realizadas a padres de familia y docentes de la instituci?n. De esta manera, se logr? identificar, causas, consecuencias, y caracter?sticas, las cuales permitieron favorecer la motivaci?n hacia el aprendizaje. El proyecto concluye con un an?lisis de resultados y diferentes recomendaciones que pretenden dar posibles alternativas de soluci?n a la problem?tica identificada, que permitan crear un ambiente favorable para la motivaci?n y el aprendizaje de los infantes, desde sus intereses y necesidades. Partiendo de la importancia de la motivaci?n en los procesos de ense?anza y aprendizaje y del compromiso entre familia y escuela para generar procesos integrales en los ni?os y ni?as del nivel transici?n de la Instituci?n Educativa San Francisco Sede Cural La Tigrera. Palabras claves: aprendizaje, motivaci?n, ense?anza, l?dica, integraci?n, comunidad educativa.The project entitled Motivation as a fundamental element in the teaching and learning processes of children at the transition level of the Educational Institution San Francisco Cural La Tigrera Headquarters, has been carried out with the aim of Identifying the relationship between family and school as motivational agents in the teaching and learning processes of children in the transition level of the San Francisco Educational Institution Cural la tigrera Headquarters, the idea is to establish possible solutions to this identified problem, since it is generating in the different students difficulties in their teaching and learning processes, with the aim of achieving the conclusions of these behaviors and make some recommendations that lead to an improvement in when the integration between family and school, allows the best performance of the student in all aspects of their student work and responsibility with between family and school, all through informal surveys and interviews with parents and teachers of the institution. In this way, it was possible to identify, causes, consequences, and characteristics, which allowed to favor the motivation towards learning. The project concludes with an analysis of results and different recommendations that seek to provide possible solutions to the problem identified, to create a favorable environment for the motivation and learning of the infants, from their interests and needs. Starting from the importance of motivation in the teaching and learning processes and the commitment between family and school to generate integral processes in the children of transition level of the Educational Institution San Francisco Cural La Tigrera Headquarters. Keywords: learning, motivation, teaching, playfulness, integration, educational community

Evaluaci?n de los patrones fenol?gicos floraci?n, fructificaci?n y su relaci?n con los par?metros meteorol?gicos precipitaci?n y temperatura, para dos bosques ubicados en dos jardines bot?nicos en la ciudad de Ibagu?

163 p. Recurso Electr?nicoSe pretendi? evaluar el comportamiento de algunos patrones fenol?gicos, en este caso floraci?n y fructificaci?n de dos Jardines Bot?nicos de la ciudad de Ibagu? y su relaci?n con los factores meteorol?gicos temperatura y precipitaci?n. Dichos sitios corresponden al ecosistema de bosque subandino; para ello se utiliz? la metodolog?a de transectos fenol?gicos, para lo cual se realizaron observaciones quincenales y se georeferenciaron los ?rboles con GPS teniendo como referencia caminos previamente establecidos. En la parte de la floraci?n s?lo se tuvo en cuenta qu? individuos ten?an presencia de flores y en qu? ?poca, de la misma manera se colectaron muestras bot?nicas las cuales fueron procesadas en el laboratorio de Dendrolog?a de la Facultad de Ingenier?a Forestal de la Universidad del Tolima, enriqueciendo la colecci?n de dicho lugar; algunos frutos se pesaron y se secaron, tambi?n se hizo el respectivo tratamiento para su conservaci?n. Se obtuvieron datos que ayudaron a establecer un patr?n de comportamiento fenol?gico en los dos lugares del estudio y de la misma manera se ampli? la informaci?n existente en este campo para la zona, realizando los respectivos an?lisis estad?sticos que permitieron establecer la relaci?n entre los diferentes patrones encontrados; todo esto entre los meses de octubre de 2012 a septiembre de 2013 a lo largo de transectos ya demarcados en los sitios en una longitud de 3550 m en el jard?n bot?nico san Jorge y 1500 m en el jard?n bot?nico Alejandro von Humboldt. Palabras claves: Patrones fenol?gicos, precipitaci?n, temperatura, fructificaci?n, floraci?n.It aimed to assess the behavior of some phenological patterns, in this case flowering and fruiting of two botanical gardens in the city of Ibague and their relationship with meteorological factors temperature and precipitation. These sites correspond to the ecosystem of sub-Andean forest, phenological transects was the methodology used, for which, biweekly observations were made and trees were located with GPS with reference to previously established roads. On flowering only took into account that individuals had the presence of flowers and what time, just as botanical specimens were collected and processed in Dendrology lab of the Forest Engineering Faculty in Universidad del Tolima enriching the collection of that place; some fruit were weighed and dried, the respective treatment to preserve is also made. Obtained data helped to establish a behavioral phenology pattern in the two study sites were obtained and in the same way the existing information in this field was extended to the area, performing the respective statistical analysis allowed to establish the relationship between different patterns found; all this since October 2012 to September 2013 along demarcated transects in the sites along 3550 m in the St. George Botanical Garden and 1500 m in Alexander von Humboldt Botanical Garden. Key words: Phenological patterns, rainfall, temperature, fruiting, flowering

Factores asociados a la insuficiencia renal aguda en pacientes hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de la Cl?nica Ibagu? del 1 de mayo de 2016 al 31 de octubre del 2017

68 p. Recurso Electr?nicoLa insuficiencia renal aguda es una complicaci?n frecuente en los pacientes cr?ticos, siendo una causa importante de morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Establecer la asociaci?n entre factores socio demogr?fico y cl?nico con la insuficiencia renal aguda en pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad De Cuidados Intensivos de la cl?nica Ibagu? en el periodo comprendido entre el 1 Mayo de 2016 al 31 de Octubre del 2017. Dise?o y m?todos: Se realiz? un estudio Epidemiol?gico Observacional, Anal?tico de Casos y Controles de tipo retrospectivo; se obtuvo informaci?n de fuentes secundarias como las historias cl?nicas de los pacientes Hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de la Cl?nica Ibagu? en el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de Mayo de 2016 al 31 de Octubre del 2017. Resultados: Se identific? que la administraci?n de soluci?n salina en las primeras 24 horas de ingreso, increment? la oportunidad de insuficiencia renal aguda 1.8 veces con respecto a los pacientes que se les administr? lactato de ringer (OR=1,8 IC (95% OR: 1.2-2.8), as? mismo se observ? que la oportunidad de insuficiencia renal en los pacientes que ten?an entre 54.1 y 62.1 a?os fue de 2.5 veces con respecto a aquellos pacientes que ten?an entre 62.2 y 93 a?os (OR=2.5 IC(95% OR 1.4-2.4). En los pacientes que ten?an como m?ximo 54 a?os, el riesgo de la insuficiencia renal se increment? 1.6 veces con respecto a los pacientes que ten?an entre 62.2 y 93 a?os y estas diferencias no fueron significativas (p=0.174). Conclusi?n: se puede concluir que al analizar mediante el modelo de regresi?n log?stica planteado, la administraci?n de soluci?n salina a los pacientes en las primeras 24 horas de ingreso increment? la oportunidad de insuficiencia renal aguda 1.8 veces con respecto a los que se les administr? lactato ringer (OR=1,8 IC (95% OR: 1.2-2.8), lo que indica que el lactato ringer es un factor protector en el desarrollo de la insuficiencia renal aguda en pacientes hospitalizados en unidad de cuidados intensivos Palabras clave: casos y controles, insuficiencia renal aguda, Lactato Ringer.Acute renal failure is a frequent complication in critical patients, being an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To establish the association between sociodemographic and clinical factors with acute renal failure in patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of the Ibagu? clinic in the period from May 1, 2016 to October 31, 2017. Design and methods: An observational, analytical, analytical study of cases and controls of a retrospective type was carried out; Information was obtained from secondary sources such as the medical records of the patients Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of the Ibagu? Clinic in the period from May 1, 2016 to October 31, 2017. Results: It was identified that the administration of saline in the first 24 hours of admission, increased the chance of acute renal failure 1.8 times with respect to the patients who were administered ringer's lactate (OR = 1.8 IC (95% OR : 1.2-2.8), likewise it was observed that the chance of renal failure in patients who were between 54.1 and 62.1 years old was 2.5 times compared to those patients who were between 62.2 and 93 years old (OR = 2.5 CI (95% OR 1.4-2.4). In patients who were 54 years of age or older, the risk of renal failure increased 1.6 times with respect to patients who were between 62.2 and 93 years old and these differences were not significant (p = 0.174). Conclusion: it can be concluded that when analyzing using the logistic regression model proposed, the administration of saline to the patients in the first 24 hours of admission, increased the chance of acute renal failure 1.8 times compared to those administered ringer's lactate (OR = 1.8 CI (95% OR: 1.2-2.8), indicating that ringer lactate is a protective factor in the development of acute renal failure in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit Keywords: cases and controls, acute renal failure, ringer's lactat

Invasive Vegetation Affects Amphibian Skin Microbiota and Body Condition

Invasive plants are major drivers of habitat modification and the scale of their impact is increasing globally as anthropogenic activities facilitate their spread. In California, an invasive plant genus of great concern is Eucalyptus. Eucalyptus leaves can alter soil chemistry and negatively affect underground macro- and microbial communities. Amphibians serve as excellent models to evaluate the effect of Eucalyptus invasion on ground-dwelling species as they predate on soil arthropods and incorporate soil microbes into their microbiotas. The skin microbiota is particularly important to amphibian health, suggesting that invasive plant species could ultimately affect amphibian populations. To investigate the potential for invasive vegetation to induce changes in microbial communities, we sampled microbial communities in the soil and on the skin of local amphibians. Specifically, we compared Batrachoseps attenuatus skin microbiomes in both Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) and native Quercus agriflolia (Fagaceae) dominated forests in the San Francisco Bay Area. We determined whether changes in microbial diversity and composition in both soil and Batrachoseps attenuatus skin were associated with dominant vegetation type. To evaluate animal health across vegetation types, we compared Batrachoseps attenuatus body condition and the presence/absence of the amphibian skin pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We found that Eucalyptus invasion had no measurable effect on soil microbial community diversity and a relatively small effect (compared to the effect of site identity) on community structure in the microhabitats sampled. In contrast, our results show that Batrachoseps attenuatus skin microbiota diversity was greater in Quercus dominated habitats. One amplicon sequence variant identified in the family Chlamydiaceae was observed in higher relative abundance among salamanders sampled in Eucalyptus dominated habitats. We also observed that Batrachoseps attenuatus body condition was higher in Quercus dominated habitats. Incidence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis across all individuals was very low (only one Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis positive individual). The effect on body condition demonstrates that although Eucalyptus may not always decrease amphibian abundance or diversity, it can potentially have cryptic negative effects. Our findings prompt further work to determine the mechanisms that lead to changes in the health and microbiome of native species post-plant invasion

Fluctuations of wave functions about their classical average

Quantum-classical correspondence for the average shape of eigenfunctions and the local spectral density of states are well-known facts. In this paper, the fluctuations that quantum mechanical wave functions present around the classical value are discussed. A simple random matrix model leads to a Gaussian distribution of the amplitudes. We compare this prediction with numerical calculations in chaotic models of coupled quartic oscillators. The expectation is broadly confirmed, but deviations due to scars are observed.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. Sent to J. Phys.

Increased urinary markers of kidney damage in the institutionalized frail elderly due to recurrent urinary tract infections.

Objective: To characterize the impact on kidney injury of recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) in the frail elderly. Methods: Prospective observational study in 200 frail elderly subjects for 1 year. Groups: GA (n = 100): subjects without RUTI, GB (n = 100): subjects with RUTI. Variables: age, concomitant diseases, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) at the beginning (NGAL-1) and end (NGAL-2) of the study, urine N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) at the beginning (NAG-1) and the end (NAG-2) of the study, urine transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFbeta-1). Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and multivariate analysis were used. Results: Mean age was 84.33 (65-99) years old, with no difference between GA and GB. Mean NGAL-1 was 1.29 ng/ml (0.04-8). There was lower in GA than in GB. Mean NGAL-2 was 1.41 ng/ml (0.02-9.22). NGAL-2 was lower in GA than in GB. Mean NAG-1 was 0.38 UU.II/ml (0.01-2.63. NAG-1 in GA was lower than in GB. Mean NAG-2 was 0.44 UU.II/ml (0-3.41). NAG-2 was lower in GA compared with GB. Mean TGFbeta-1 was 23.43 pg/ml (0.02-103.76). TGFbeta-1 was lower in GA than GB. There were no differences in the presence of secondary diagnoses between GA and GB. NAG-2 and NGAL-1 were the most determining factors of renal function; in GA it was NGAL-2, followed by NAG-1; in GB it was NGAL-1, followed by NAG-2. Conclusion: Frail elderly with RUTI have higher urinary levels of renal injury markers, specifically NGAL, NAG, and TGFbeta-1, chronically in periods between urinary tract infection (UTI). Urinary markers of renal injury, specifically NGAL, NAG, and TGFbeta-1, identify early deterioration of renal function, compared with serum creatinine, or albuminuria, in frail elderly with recurrent urinary infections