Influence of Winemaking Procedure and Grape Variety on the Colour and Composition of Young Red Wines

The influence of winemaking procedure and grape variety on the colour and composition of young redwines was evaluated. For this purpose, Tannat, Syrah and Merlot wines were elaborated in Uruguay in2011. Traditional maceration (TM), the addition of pectolytic enzymes (ENZ) and cold pre-fermentativemaceration before traditional maceration (CPM) were the alternative procedures of winemaking tested.Two batches of grapes (70 kg each) were employed for each winemaking procedure. Tannat wines hadthe highest colour intensity, red colour (a*), and anthocyanin, proanthocyanidin and alcohol content,and the lowest luminosity (L*) and pH values. CPM increased the colour intensity and total polyphenol,anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin content in Tannat and Merlot wines. Pectolytic additions enhancedcolour intensity and red colour and decreased the luminosity in all wines. Meanwhile, enzyme additionsenhanced proanthocyanidin content in all cases. Pectolytic enzyme significantly increased the methanollevels of the wines. Nevertheless, the amounts of this compound are far within maximum acceptable limits.Principal component analysis of the data shows significant separation between the wines of each variety,since the colour and composition are largely related to the cultivar and the vintage, despite the effect of thewinemaking procedures

The vitamin D decrease in children with obesity is associated with the development of insulin resistance during puberty: The PUBMEP study

Obesity and cardiometabolic risk have been associated with vitamin D levels even in children. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between insulin resistance (IR), cardiometabolic risk factors, and vitamin D in children from prepubertal to pubertal stages. A total of 76 children from the PUBMEP study, aged 4–12 years at baseline, were included. Children were evaluated in prepubertal and pubertal stages. Anthropometric measurements and selected cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, such as plasma glucose, blood lipids, insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and blood pressure, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were determined. Children were categorized by obesity degree and IR status combined before and after puberty. Paired t-test and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted. During puberty, the increase in triacylglycerols, insulin, and HOMA-IR and the decrease in QUICKI were significantly associated with the reduction in 25(OH)D (B = -0.274, p = 0.032; B = -0.219, p = 0.019; B = -0.250, p = 0.013; B = 1.574, p = 0.013, respectively) after adjustment by BMI-z, sex, and pubertal stage. Otherwise, prepubertal non-IR children with overweight/obesity that became IR during puberty showed a significant decrease in 25(OH)D and HDL-c, and an increase in waist circumference and triacylglycerol concentrations (p < 0.05 for all) over time. These results suggest that changes in IR seem to be associated with an effect on 25(OH)D levels during puberty, especially in children with overweight. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Dietary patterns and their association with body composition and cardiometabolic markers in children and adolescents: Genobox cohort

Diet is a key factor for obesity development; however, limited data are available on dietary cluster analysis in children with obesity. We aimed to assess the associations between dietary patterns and obesity and several cardiometabolic markers. Anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance, blood pressure and plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial damage were determined in 674 Caucasian children, aged 5–16, with normal or excess weight. Using a food frequency questionnaire and cluster analysis, two consistent dietary patterns were shown, labeled as health conscious (HC) and sweet and processed (SP). The HC pattern included a greater proportion of participants with overweight/obesity than the SP cluster (80.1% vs. 63.8%). However, children with obesity within the HC cluster, showed less abdominal fat, through waist to hip (0.93 vs. 0.94) and waist to height (0.61 vs. 0.63) indexes (p < 0.01). Univariate general models showed several additional differences in cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in the global and stratified analyses, with a healthier profile being observed mainly in the HC cluster. However, multivariate models questioned these findings and pointed out the need for further studies in this field. Anyhow, our findings support the benefits of a healthy diet and highlight the importance of dietary patterns in the cardiometabolic risk assessment of children with overweight/obesity, beyond weight control

Optical photometry of the UCM Lists I and II. II-B band surface photometry and morphological discussion

We present Johnson B surface photometry for the UCM Survey galaxies. One-dimensional bulge-disk decomposition is attempted, discussing on fitting functions and computational procedures. The results from this decomposition, jointly with concentration indices and an asymmetry coefficient, are employed to study the morphological properties of these galaxies. We also compare our results with the previous morphological classification established using Gunn r imaging data and with other samples of galaxies. No major statistical differences in morphology are found between red and blue data, although some characteristics such as size and luminosity concentration vary. We find a correlation between luminosity and size. Several parameters are used to segregate the objects according to their morphological type.Comment: 19 pages, 20 PostScript figures, accepted for publication in A&A, also available via anonymous ftp at ftp://cutrex.fis.ucm.es/pub/OUT/pag/PAPERS/AA0

Fast 3-D heat transfer model for computing internal temperatures in the bearing housing of automotive turbochargers

[EN] Each of the elements that make up the turbocharger has been gradually improved. In order to ensure that the system does not experience any mechanical failures or loss of efficiency, it is important to study which engine operating conditions could produce the highest failing rate. Common failing conditions in turbochargers are mostly achieve due to oil contamination and high temperatures in the bearing system. Thermal management becomes increasingly important for the required engine performance. Therefore, it has become necessary to have accurate temperature and heat transfer models. Most thermal design and analysis codes need data for validation; often the data available falls outside the range of conditions the engine experiences in reality leading to the need to interpolate and extrapolate disproportionately. This paper presents a fast 3D heat transfer model for computing internal temperatures in the central housing for non-water cooled turbochargers and its direct validation with experimental data at different engine operating conditions of speed and load. The presented model allows a detailed study of the temperature rise of the central housing, lubrication channels, and maximum level of temperature at different points of the bearing system of an automotive turbocharger. It will let to evaluate thermal damage done to the system itself and influences on the working fluid temperatures, which leads oil coke formation that can affect the performance of the engine. Thermal heat transfer properties obtained from this model can be used for to feed and improve a radial lumped model of heat transfer that predicts only local internal temperatures[1]. Model validation is illustrated and finally the main results are discussed.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Authors want to acknowledge the Apoyo para la investigación y Desarrollo (PAID) grant for doctoral studies (FPI-2016-S2-1354).Gil, A.; Tiseira, A.; García-Cuevas González, LM.; Rodriguez-Usaquen, YT.; Mijotte, G. (2018). Fast 3-D heat transfer model for computing internal temperatures in the bearing housing of automotive turbochargers. International Journal of Engine Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468087418804949SKhalife, E., Tabatabaei, M., Demirbas, A., & Aghbashlo, M. (2017). Impacts of additives on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines during steady state operation. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 59, 32-78. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2016.10.001Payri, F., Olmeda, P., Martín, J., & Carreño, R. (2015). Experimental analysis of the global energy balance in a DI diesel engine. Applied Thermal Engineering, 89, 545-557. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.06.005Serrano, J. R., Tormos, B., Gargar, K. L., & Bouffaud, F. (2011). Study of the Effects on Turbocharger Performance Generated by the Presence of Foreign Objects at the Compressor Intake. Experimental Techniques, 37(2), 30-40. doi:10.1111/j.1747-1567.2011.00795.xGalindo, J., Serrano, J. R., Dolz, V., López, M. A., & Bouffaud, F. (2013). Behavior of an IC Engine Turbocharger in Critical Conditions of Lubrication. SAE International Journal of Engines, 6(2), 797-805. doi:10.4271/2013-01-0921Deligant, M., Podevin, P., & Descombes, G. (2011). CFD model for turbocharger journal bearing performances. Applied Thermal Engineering, 31(5), 811-819. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2010.10.030Sim, K., Lee, Y.-B., & Kim, T. H. (2013). Effects of Mechanical Preload and Bearing Clearance on Rotordynamic Performance of Lobed Gas Foil Bearings for Oil-Free Turbochargers. Tribology Transactions, 56(2), 224-235. doi:10.1080/10402004.2012.737502Drewczynski, M., & Rzadkowski, R. (2015). A stress analysis of a compressor blade in partially blocked inlet condition. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 230(5), 934-952. doi:10.1177/0954410015601149Filsinger, D., Szwedowicz, J., & Scha¨fer, O. (2001). Approach to Unidirectional Coupled CFD–FEM Analysis of Axial Turbocharger Turbine Blades. Journal of Turbomachinery, 124(1), 125-131. doi:10.1115/1.1415035Romagnoli, A., & Martinez-Botas, R. (2012). Heat transfer analysis in a turbocharger turbine: An experimental and computational evaluation. Applied Thermal Engineering, 38, 58-77. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.12.022De Faoite, D., Browne, D. J., Chang-Díaz, F. R., & Stanton, K. T. (2011). A review of the processing, composition, and temperature-dependent mechanical and thermal properties of dielectric technical ceramics. Journal of Materials Science, 47(10), 4211-4235. doi:10.1007/s10853-011-6140-1Sachdev, A. K., Kulkarni, K., Fang, Z. Z., Yang, R., & Girshov, V. (2012). Titanium for Automotive Applications: Challenges and Opportunities in Materials and Processing. JOM, 64(5), 553-565. doi:10.1007/s11837-012-0310-8Tetsui, T. (2002). Development of a TiAl turbocharger for passenger vehicles. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 329-331, 582-588. doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(01)01584-2Wu, X. (2006). Review of alloy and process development of TiAl alloys. Intermetallics, 14(10-11), 1114-1122. doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2005.10.019Appel, F., Paul, J. D. H., & Oehring, M. (2011). Gamma Titanium Aluminide Alloys. doi:10.1002/978352763620

Distribución del género Tityus Koch, 1836 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) en la ciudad de La Plata (Argentina)

In the city of La Plata occurs the genus Tityus with records dating back to 1943. The territorial distribution of the genus Tityus in this city and its expansion was studied based on inquiries received at the CEPAVE Arachnology Laboratory from individuals and public and private institutions. 189 inquiries were received from 2005 to 2020. The QGIS program was used to geolocate each scorpion with urban layout layers and storm drains. For the spatial analysis of distribution, a home range of one hectare per individual was considered to calculate the area and in the cases of areas of overlapping influences during the same year, the area was considered as their union. The genus Tityus in the city of La Plata is represented by the species T. carrilloi and T. confluens, both of health interest and of synanthropic habits, which occupy two different well-defined areas. The analysis of the independent dispersion in the two zones would indicate that they could use the drains to disperse, and since they are unconnected there would be no flow of scorpions between both zones. The colonization of these species in the study area was strengthened for T. confluens as of 2005 and for T. carrilloi as of 2011. The highest records are in the warm months, from January to April, the latter being of higher value. September is the only month without complaints. The expansion rate calculated was 4.42 ha/year.En la ciudad de La Plata se encuentra el género Tityus con registros desde 1943. Se estudió la distribución territorial del género Tityus en esta ciudad y su expansión en los últimos 15 años a partir de las consultas recibidas en el Laboratorio de Aracnología del CEPAVE, provenientes de particulares e instituciones públicas y privadas. Se recibieron 189 consultas desde el año 2005 al 2020. Se utilizó el programa QGIS para geolocalizar cada escorpión con capas de trazado urbano y desagües pluviales. Para el análisis espacial de distribución se consideró un home range de una hectárea por individuo para el cálculo de área y en los casos de áreas de influencias solapadas durante el mismo año se consideró el área como la unión de las mismas. El género Tityus en la ciudad de La Plata está representado por las especies T. carrilloi y T. confluens ambas de interés sanitario y de hábitos sinantrópicos, que ocupan dos zonas diferentes bien definidas. El análisis de la dispersión independiente en las dos zonas indicaría que podrían usar los desagües para dispersarse, y al ser inconexos estos no habría flujo de escorpiones entre ambas zonas. La colonización de estas especies en la zona en estudio se vio afianzada para T. confluens a partir del año 2005 y para T. carrilloi a partir del 2011. Los mayores registros son en los meses cálidos, desde enero a abril, siendo este último el de mayor valor. Septiembre es el único mes sin denuncia. La tasa de expansión calculada fue de 4.42 ha/año

The stellar mass assembly of galaxies from z=0 to z=4. Analysis of a sample selected in the rest-frame near-infrared with Spitzer

Using a sample of ~28,000 sources selected at 3.6-4.5 microns with Spitzer observations of the HDF-N, the CDF-S, and the Lockman Hole (surveyed area: ~664 arcmin^2), we study the evolution of the stellar mass content of the Universe at 0<z<4. We calculate stellar masses and photometric redshifts, based on ~2,000 templates built with stellar and dust emission models fitting the UV-to-MIR SEDs of galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts. We estimate stellar mass functions for different redshift intervals. We find that 50% of the local stellar mass density was assembled at 0<z<1 (average SFR:0.048 M_sun/yr/Mpc^3), and at least another 40% at 1<z<4 (average SFR: 0.074 M_sun/yr/Mpc^3). Our results confirm and quantify the ``downsizing'' scenario of galaxy formation. The most massive galaxies (M>10^12.0 M_sun) assembled the bulk of their stellar content rapidly (in 1-2 Gyr) beyond z~3 in very intense star formation events (producing high specific SFRs). Galaxies with 10^11.5<M/M_sun<10^12.0 assembled half of their stellar mass before z~1.5, and more than 90% of their mass was already in place at z~0.6. Galaxies with M<10^11.5 M_sun evolved more slowly (presenting smaller specific SFRs), assembling half of their stellar mass below z~1. About 40% of the local stellar mass density of 10^9.0<M/M_sun<10^11.0 galaxies was assembled below z~0.4, most probably through accretion of small satellites producing little star formation. The cosmic stellar mass density at z>2.5 is dominated by optically faint (R>25) red galaxies (Distant Red Galaxies or BzK sources) which account for ~30% of the global population of galaxies, but contribute at least 60% to the cosmic stellar mass density. Bluer galaxies (e.g., Lyman Break Galaxies) are more numerous but less massive, contributing less than 50% to the global stellar mass density at high redshift.Comment: Published in ApJ. 38 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables, 2 appendices. Some changes to match the final published versio

Mediterranean diet, diet quality, and bone mineral content in adolescents: the HELENA study

Summary: Dietary scores, rather than individual nutrients, allow exploring associations between overall diet and bone health. The aim of the present study was to assess the associations between the Mediterranean Diet Score for Adolescents (MDS-A) and the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) and bone mineral content (BMC) among Spanish adolescents. Our results do not support an association between dietary scores or indices and BMC in adolescents. Introduction: To assess the associations between the MDS-A and a DQI-A with the BMC measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Methods: The MDS-A and the DQI-A were calculated in 179 Spanish adolescents, based on two 24-h dietary recalls from the HELENA cross-sectional study. The associations between the diet scores and the BMC outcomes [total body less head (TBLH), femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS), and hip] were analyzed using logistic regression models adjusting for several confounders. Results: Four hundred ninety-two models were included and only fruits and nuts and cereal and roots were found to provide significant ORs with regard to BMC. The risk of having low BMC reduced by 32% (OR 0.684; CI 0.473–0.988) for FN when following the ideal MDS-A, but this association lost significance when adjusting for lean mass and physical activity. For every 1-point increase in the cereal and root and the fruit and nut components, the risk of having low FN diminished by 56% (OR 0.442; CI 0.216–0.901) and by 67% (OR 0.332; CI 0.146–0.755), respectively. Conclusion: An overall dietary score or index is not associated with BMC in our adolescent Spanish sample

DEVELOPMENT OF A SCADA SYSTEM FOR ACCESS, PROCESSING AND SUPERVISION OF DATA COMING FROM A WIRELESS SENSORS NETWORK IN AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS

Wireless sensors networks appeared in the 1970’s for military and industrial use. They have since undergone a major evolution, particularly since the 90’s, thanks to the improvements in wireless communications. These changes have allowed them to participate in a wide variety of applications in different sectors such as agriculture and environment. This paper shows the development of a SCADA application programmed with LabVIEW® 8.6 (National Instruments), which allows management of data received by wireless sensors networks through a friendly interface for users. For the application shown in this paper we have worked with a MEP 510 sensors network (Crossbow). The functionalities implemented are the following: Network configuration; Data storage into database; Statistical processing of historical data with polynomial adjustment and spline interpolation; Visualization by data graphics in real time and historical data; Visualization of 2D intensity diagrams from the spatial distribution of sensors; and Creation of a users registry system that allows, depending on the category assigned, receiving or not access privileges in the application. As a complement we have developed the possibility of remote access. Sensors network implemented and the applications developed have been checked by operational tests for each functionality, as well as sensors joining and leaving the network situations, range of variables and working modes. The results obtained show the robustness of the SCADA application and the limitations of wireless sensors networks operating on field conditions

Fagus sylvatica and Quercus pyrenaica: Two neighbors with few things in common

[EN] The Iberian Peninsula comprises one of the largest boundaries between Mediterranean and Eurosiberian vegetation, known as sub-Mediterranean zone. This ecotone hosts many unique plant species and communities and constitutes the low-latitude (warm) margin of numerous central European species which co-occur with Mediterranean vegetation. Two of the main species found in this region are the Eurosiberian European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and the Mediterranean Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.). It remains unclear how the different physiological and adaptive strategies of these two species reflect their niche partitioning within a sub-Mediterranean community and to what extent phenotypic variation (intraspecific variability) is driving niche partitioning across Eurosiberian and Mediterranean speciesS