Found Footage, mouvement cinématographique contemporain

Ce travail a pour objet le found footage, analysé en tant que pratique de recyclage culturel et comme important mouvement cinématographique de notre époque. L’étude trace d’abord un parallèle entre la fabrication du film d’images trouvées et le processus de recyclage industriel. Ensuite, le travail aborde les influences artistiques de ce mouvement du cinéma expérimental initié dans les années 1960, qui s’intensifie de plus en plus depuis l’avènement des dernières technologies numériques. En dernier lieu, l’étude propose une mise au point sur le found footage à l’ère des technologies numériques, en analysant les causes et conséquences de la (re)montée du mouvement, et en tenant compte de sa présence qui se multiplie sur l’Internet, par le biais du mashup.This research deals with the found footage, analyzed here as a practice of cultural recycling and as a major cinematographic movement of our time. The study first draws a parallel between the manufacturing of "found images" and the process of industrial recycling. The thesis then discusses the artistic influences of the experimental film movement initiated in the 1960s, which has been increasing its presence more and more since the introduction of the latest digital technologies. Finally, the study proposes an investigation of found footage in relation to the digital technology era, analyzing the causes and consequences of the [re]rise of the movement, and taking into account the multiplication of its format on the Internet through the practice of mashup

Molecular heterogeneity in major urinary proteins of Mus musculus subspecies: potential candidates involved in speciation

When hybridisation carries a cost, natural selection is predicted to favour evolution of traits that allow assortative mating (reinforcement). Incipient speciation between the two European house mouse subspecies, Mus musculus domesticus and M.m.musculus, sharing a hybrid zone, provides an opportunity to understand evolution of assortative mating at a molecular level. Mouse urine odours allow subspecific mate discrimination, with assortative preferences evident in the hybrid zone but not in allopatry. Here we assess the potential of MUPs (major urinary proteins) as candidates for signal divergence by comparing MUP expression in urine samples from the Danish hybrid zone border (contact) and from allopatric populations. Mass spectrometric characterisation identified novel MUPs in both subspecies involving mostly new combinations of amino acid changes previously observed in M.m.domesticus. The subspecies expressed distinct MUP signatures, with most MUPs expressed by only one subspecies. Expression of at least eight MUPs showed significant subspecies divergence both in allopatry and contact zone. Another seven MUPs showed divergence in expression between the subspecies only in the contact zone, consistent with divergence by reinforcement. These proteins are candidates for the semiochemical barrier to hybridisation, providing an opportunity to characterise the nature and evolution of a putative species recognition signal

Incorporation of oxygen and nitrogen in ultrathin films of SiO/sub 2 annealed in NO

The areal densities of oxygen and nitrogen incorporated into ultrathin films of silicon dioxide during rapid thermal processing in nitric oxide, as well as the regions where these incorporations took place, were determined by combining nuclear reaction analysis and narrow nuclear resonance depth profiling with isotopic enrichment of the processing gas. Oxygen is seen to incorporate in the near-surface and near-interface regions of the oxynitride films, whereas nitrogen is incorporated only in the near-interface regions. The growth of the oxynitride film is very moderate as compared to that of a SiO2 film in dry O2 . The thermal oxynitridation of ultrathin SiO2 films takes place by two mechanisms in parallel: the major part of the NO molecules, which react with the silica, decompose in the near-surface region, the O atoms being exchanged for O atoms preexistent in this region of the SiO2 films; a minor portion of the NO molecules diffuse through the silica film in interstitial sites, without reacting with it, to react at the oxynitride/Si interface

Microarray detection of human parainfluenzavirus 4 infection associated with respiratory failure in an immunocompetent adult.

A pan-viral DNA microarray, the Virochip (University of California, San Francisco), was used to detect human parainfluenzavirus 4 (HPIV-4) infection in an immunocompetent adult presenting with a life-threatening acute respiratory illness. The virus was identified in an endotracheal aspirate specimen, and the microarray results were confirmed by specific polymerase chain reaction and serological analysis for HPIV-4. Conventional clinical laboratory testing using an extensive panel of microbiological tests failed to yield a diagnosis. This case suggests that the potential severity of disease caused by HPIV-4 in adults may be greater than previously appreciated and illustrates the clinical utility of a microarray for broad-based viral pathogen screening

Leaf anatomical changes in temperate cereals in response to low temperature

Entre las numerosas respuestas morfo-anatómicas inducidas por el frío en gramíneas de ciclo otoño-invernoprimaveral, los cambios en la anatomía epidérmica han recibido muy poca atención pese a su importancia adaptativa. En este trabajo se estudiaron los cambios inducidos por baja temperatura (5ºC, en comparación con los controles a 25ºC) en la anatomía epidérmica foliar de trigo, cebada, centeno y avena, incluyendo, para cada especie, un genotipo primaveral y uno invernal, con el propósito de evaluar si la baja temperatura modifica la densidad estomática, el índice estomático y variables relacionadas, así como si existe relación entre la magnitud de estas respuestas y el carácter invernal o primaveral de los genotipos. Se observó una disminución generalizada de la densidad estomática en todos los genotipos a 5°C, en comparación con los controles a 25°C, mostrando los cultivares de tipo invernal la mayor disminución. La caída en densidad estomática estuvo principalmente explicada por un alargamiento de las células epidérmicas entre estomas, y adicionalmente por una menor proporción de filas con estomas, lo que a su vez explica la reducción en el índice estomático a 5°C, observada en varios casos. La longitud de las células estomáticas no fue afectada por la temperatura, difiriendo de reportes previos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la disminución en densidad estomática a baja temperatura es una respuesta general en gramíneas de ciclo otoño-inverno-primaveral, que es particularmente notable en los genotipos invernales de cada especie. Se discuten posibles mecanismos involucrados e implicancias ecofisiológicas de estas respuestas.Among the numerous morpho-anatomical responses induced by low temperature in temperate grasses, those related to changes in epidermal anatomy have received little attention despite their adaptive significance. In this work we studied leaf anatomical changes induced by low temperature (5°C, as compared to controls at 25°C) in wheat, barley, rye and oats including, for each species, two genotypes with contrasting cold adaptation responses (one spring and one winter genotype), with the aim of evaluating if low temperature modifies stomatal density, stomatal index and related variables, and whether the magnitude of these responses is linked to genotype characteristics (either spring or winter). A generalized decrease in stomatal density was observed in all genotypes as a consequence of low temperature, but this response was most remarkable in winter cultivars within each species. The decrease in stomatal density was mainly explained by an increased length of inter-stomatal epidermal cells, and additionally by a lower proportion of rows with stomata. This, in turn, would explain the reduction in stomatal index that was observed in several cases. Length of stomatal cells was not affected by temperature, unlike previous reports. Our results suggest that the decrease in stomatal density at low temperature is a general response in temperate grasses, especially in winter genotypes within each species. Possible mechanisms involved and ecophysiological significance of these responses, are discussed.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

PARQUES NACIONAIS BRASILEIROS: PROBLEMAS FUNDIÁRIOS E ALTERNATIVAS PARA A SUA RESOLUÇÃO

O texto faz um diagnóstico da situação fundiária dos parques nacionais brasileiros atualmente existentes.Argumenta que a herança cultural e política brasileira, o histórico dos órgãos que administraram osparques nacionais e as complexidades da questão fundiária são fatores determinantes dos entraves aoprocesso de regularização fundiária dessas unidades de conservação (UCs). O texto sustenta que a carênciade recursos financeiros para indenizações de terras a serem desapropriadas não é o maior entrave paraa resolução da questão. Propõe-se, além disso, diversos instrumentos legais e administrativos alternativosque podem ser acionados para regularizar ou incorporar terras aos parques nacionais e dar mais efetividadeà política de conservação da biodiversidade no Brasil. Por fim, conclui-se que a conservação dabiodiversidade vai muito além da criação de unidades de conservação de qualquer modalidade, sendonecessário que diferentes setores do poder público e da sociedade civil invistam também em ações defiscalização, formação de corredores ecológicos entre UCs de proteção integral e de uso sustentável, educaçãoambiental e implantação de instrumentos econômicos de gestão ambiental que induzam os proprietáriosparticulares de terras a adotarem práticas compatíveis com a conservação da natureza

Picaje en espécimen adulto de guacamaya roja (Ara macao)

A case of feather damaging behaviour in a specimen of a scarlet macaw (Ara macao), non-sexed, which entered the Hogar de Paso para Fauna Silvestre of the University of Amazonia on August 24, 2018 is reported. The clinical examination revealed a poor appearance of feathers, with the presence of stress bands in the occipital, temporal, keel, wheelhouse and rower regions. The results of the hemogram, blood chemistry, stool and skin scraping examinations ruled out the presence of bacteria or internal and external parasites as etiology. After the diagnosis of stress feather pecking, a holontological treatment consisting of aromatherapy, homeopathy, therapeutic baths, nutritional balancing and environmental enrichment was established for a period of seven weeks. As a result, a notable improvement was evident, both in the plumage aspect and in the plucking behaviour.Se informa un caso de picaje en un espécimen de guacamaya roja (Ara macao), sin sexar, que ingresó al Hogar de Paso para Fauna Silvestre de la Universidad de la Amazonia el 24 de agosto de 2018. Al examen clínico se evidenció mal aspecto de plumas, con presencia de bandas de estrés en la región occipital, temporal, quilla, timoneras y remeras. Los resultados de hemograma, química sanguínea, coprológico y raspado de piel descartaron la presencia de bacterias, además de parásitos internos y externos como etiología. Luego del diagnóstico de picaje por estrés se instauró tratamiento holontológico compuesto por aromaterapia, homeopatía, baños terapéuticos, balanceo nutricional y enriquecimiento ambiental, por un periodo de siete semanas. Como resultado se evidenció una notable| mejoría, tanto del aspecto del plumaje como de la conducta de arrancamiento de las plumas

Complete genome sequence of an astrovirus identified in a domestic rabbit (\u3cem\u3eOryctolagus cuniculus\u3c/em\u3e) with gastroenteritis

A colony of domestic rabbits in Tennessee, USA, experienced a high-mortality (~90%) outbreak of enterocolitis. The clinical characteristics were one to six days of lethargy, bloating, and diarrhea, followed by death. Heavy intestinal coccidial load was a consistent finding as was mucoid enteropathy with cecal impaction. Preliminary analysis by electron microscopy revealed the presence of virus-like particles in the stool of one of the affected rabbits. Analysis using the Virochip, a viral detection microarray, suggested the presence of an astrovirus, and follow-up PCR and sequence determination revealed a previously uncharacterized member of that family. Metagenomic sequencing enabled the recovery of the complete viral genome, which contains the characteristic attributes of astrovirus genomes. Attempts to propagate the virus in tissue culture have yet to succeed. Although astroviruses cause gastroenteric disease in other mammals, the pathogenicity of this virus and the relationship to this outbreak remains to be determined. This study therefore defines a viral species and a potential rabbit pathogen