Blockade des Ganglion cervicale superius des Truncus sympathicus: Ursachen für Fehlblockaden

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Für die transorale Blockade des Ganglion cervicale superius (GCS) wurden die Ausbreitungsmuster von 3 verschiedenen Volumina untersuchten. Ziele waren, ein ideales Volumen und Ursachen für Fehlblockaden zu finden. Material und Methode: Es wurden 40 konservierte Köpfe untersucht. In 35 injizierten wir das Kontrastmittel Jopamiro®. In 30Köpfe wurden linksseitig 1ml, rechtsseitig 2ml und in 5Köpfe 5ml injiziert, wobei rechts das Spatium parapharyngeum (SPP) und links das Spatium praevertebrale (SPV) erreicht wurden. Alle Köpfe wurden mittels CT, Schnittbilder sowie 3D-Rekonstruktion, untersucht. In 5Köpfe injizierten wir 2ml blau gefärbtes Wasser für eine anschließende Dissektion. Ergebnis: 1 und 2ml zeigten sehr ähnliche Ausbreitungsmuster. Das SPP wurde durch eine nach lateral geführte Stichrichtung oder, bei Abweichung nach medial, durch ein Zurückziehen der Nadel erreicht. Bei 2 Widerständen erreichten wir das SPV und somit nicht mehr das GCS. Mit 5ml erreichten wir zahlreiche andere Kopfregionen. Schlussfolgerung: Ein Volumen von 1ml scheint ausreichend. Die Stichtechnik muss streng eingehalten werden, sonst erhöht sich das Risiko einer Fehlapplikatio

The direct synthesis of crosslinked polymeric azomethines

Char yields of synthesized crosslinked polymeric azomethine

Polymeric Schiff bases. 17 - Azomethine copolymers

Chemical synthesis of azomethine copolymers by melt polymerization techniques - polymeric Schiff base

Die Bedeutung der Fascia stylopharyngea bei intraoralen Blockadetechniken

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Mittels transoraler Blockade des Ganglion cervicale superius des Truncus sympathicus kann bei Trigeminusneuralgien durch Ausbreitung eines Opioids bis zum N.mandibularis eine zusätzliche Schmerzreduktion erzielt werden. Das Vorhandensein der Fascia stylopharyngea senkt möglicherweise die Erfolgsrate. Durch genaue anatomische Untersuchung der Faszie wollen wir auf die Effektivität der zusätzlichen Opioidwirkung rückschließen. Material und Methode: 103 Kopfhälften wurden untersucht, die Faszie von lateral her aufgesucht. Dabei unterschieden wir 3 Gruppen: GruppeA repräsentierte vollständig ausgebildete Faszienblätter, Gruppe Bunvollständige Faszien und in GruppeC war die Faszie nicht ausgebildet. Ergebnis: Die Faszie war in 86 vollständig und in 13 Fällen unvollständig ausgebildet. Lediglich in 4 Fällen fehlte sie vollends. Schlussfolgerung: Die Faszie kann die Erfolgsquote der Schmerzreduktion bei Trigeminusneuralgie beeinflusse

Proseminararbeit: Sokrates, Buddha und Konfuzius als "maßgebende Menschen (MGM) im Sinne von Jaspers"

Karl Jaspers (1883 –1969) ist der Schöpfer des Begriffs Achsenzeit – eines Zeitraumes von etwa 800 – 200 v Chr., Gegenstand eines Proseminars an der Wiener Universität (Wimmer, Proseminar 2002), zu dem auch das hier schriftlich ausgearbeitete Referat zählt. Jaspers hat das Buch MGM (Jaspers 1988) im Jahre 1964 geschrieben, also fünf Jahre vor dem Tod – sie umfasst sozusagen eine "Spätweisheit". Geschrieben ist es im typischen Stil Karl Jaspers: Belehrend, fast möchte man manchmal sagen pathetisch, "mit Absolutheitsanspruch", aber immer fair, der "Wahrheit" verpflichtet – so würde man heute diesen Stil auffassen. Christoph Helferich 1 schreibt, Jaspers hätte einen großen Leserkreis, da er erbaulich schreibt. Jedoch meint er, sei Erbaulichkeit in der Philosophie gefährlich, und das sagte schon Schelling (zit. Ebd) Ein kleines Problem ist, dass Jaspers vier Personen (Sokrates, Buddha, Konfuzius und Christus) als MGM angibt, wobei mehrfach der Vergleich mit Christus im Vordergrund steht. Deswegen wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein wenig anders gewichtet

A supraomohyoidal plexus block designed to avoid complications

Interscalene blocks of the brachial plexus are used for surgery of the shoulder and are frequently associated with complications such as temporary phrenic block, Horner syndrome or hematoma. To minimize the risk of these complications, we developed an approach that avoids medially directed needle advancement and favors spread to lateral regions only: the supraomohyoidal block. We tested this procedure in 11 cadavers fixed by Thiel's method. The insertion site is at the lateral margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of the cricoid cartilage. The needle is inserted in the axis of the plexus with an angle of approximately 35° to the skin, and advanced in lateral and caudal direction. Distribution of solution was determined in ten cadavers after bilateral injection of colored solution (20 and 30ml) and followed by dissection. In an eleventh cadaver, computerized tomography and 3D reconstruction after radio contrast injection was performed. In additional five cadavers we performed Winnie's technique with bilateral injection (20 and 30ml).Concerning the supraomohyoidal block the injection mass reached the infraclavicular region surrounded all trunks of the brachial plexus in the supraclavicular region and the suprascapular nerve in all cases. The solution did not spread medially beyond the lateral margin of the anterior scalene muscle into the scalenovertebral triangle. Therefore, phrenic nerve, stellate ganglion, laryngeal nerve nor the vertebral artery were exposed to the injected solution. Distribution was comparable with the use of 20 and 30ml of solution. Injections on five cadavers performing the interscalene block of Winnie resulted in an extended spread medially to the anterior scalene muscle.We conclude that our method may be a preferred approach due to its safety, because no structures out of interest were reached. Solution of 20ml is suggested to be enough for a successful bloc

Proof of the thermodynamical stability of the E' center in SiO2

The E' center is a paradigmatic radiation-induced defect in SiO2 whose peculiar EPR and hyperfine activity has been known since over 40 years. This center has been traditionally identified with a distorted, positively-charged oxygen vacancy V_O+. However, no direct proof of the stability of this defect has ever been provided, so that its identification is still strongly incomplete. Here we prove directly that distorted V_O+ is metastable and that it satisfies the key requirements for its identification as E', such as thermal and optical response, and activation-deactivation mechanisms.Comment: RevTeX 4 pages, 2 figure

Release Note -- Vbfnlo-2.6.0

Vbfnlo is a flexible parton level Monte Carlo program for the simulation of vector boson fusion (VBF), double and triple vector boson (plus jet) production in hadronic collisions at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the strong coupling constant, as well as Higgs boson plus two jet production via gluon fusion at the one-loop level. This note briefly describes the main additional features and processes that have been added in the new release -- Vbfnlo Version 2.6.0. At NLO QCD diboson production (W\gamma, WZ, ZZ, Z\gamma and \gamma\gamma), same-sign W pair production via vector boson fusion and the process W\gamma\gamma j have been implemented (for which one-loop tensor integrals up to six-point functions are included). In addition, gluon induced diboson production can be studied separately at the leading order (one-loop) level. The diboson processes WW, WZ and W\gamma can be run with anomalous gauge boson couplings, and anomalous couplings between a Higgs and a pair of gauge bosons is included in WW, ZZ, Z\gamma and \gamma\gamma diboson production. The code has also been extended to include anomalous gauge boson couplings for single vector boson production via VBF, and a spin-2 model has been implemented for diboson pair production via vector boson fusion.Comment: 14 pages, 6 tables; new code available at http://www-itp.particle.uni-karlsruhe.de/vbfnlo

Human Female Genital Tract Infection by the Obligate Intracellular Bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis Elicits Robust Type 2 Immunity

While Chlamydia trachomatis infections are frequently asymptomatic, mechanisms that regulate host response to this intracellular Gram-negative bacterium remain undefined. This investigation thus used peripheral blood mononuclear cells and endometrial tissue from women with or without Chlamydia genital tract infection to better define this response. Initial genome-wide microarray analysis revealed highly elevated expression of matrix metalloproteinase 10 and other molecules characteristic of Type 2 immunity (e.g., fibrosis and wound repair) in Chlamydia-infected tissue. This result was corroborated in flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry studies that showed extant upper genital tract Chlamydia infection was associated with increased co-expression of CD200 receptor and CD206 (markers of alternative macrophage activation) by endometrial macrophages as well as increased expression of GATA-3 (the transcription factor regulating TH2 differentiation) by endometrial CD4+ T cells. Also among women with genital tract Chlamydia infection, peripheral CD3+ CD4+ and CD3+ CD4- cells that proliferated in response to ex vivo stimulation with inactivated chlamydial antigen secreted significantly more interleukin (IL)-4 than tumor necrosis factor, interferon-γ, or IL-17; findings that repeated in T cells isolated from these same women 1 and 4 months after infection had been eradicated. Our results thus newly reveal that genital infection by an obligate intracellular bacterium induces polarization towards Type 2 immunity, including Chlamydia-specific TH2 development. Based on these findings, we now speculate that Type 2 immunity was selected by evolution as the host response to C. trachomatis in the human female genital tract to control infection and minimize immunopathological damage to vital reproductive structures. © 2013 Vicetti Miguel et al

Personhood, consciousness, and god : how to be a proper pantheist

© Springer Nature B.V. 2018In this paper I develop a theory of personhood which leaves open the possibility of construing the universe as a person. If successful, it removes one bar to endorsing pantheism. I do this by examining a rising school of thought on personhood, on which persons, or selves, are understood as identical to episodes of consciousness. Through a critique of this experiential approach to personhood, I develop a theory of self as constituted of qualitative mental contents, but where these contents are also capable of unconscious existence. On this theory, though we can be conscious of our selves, consciousness turns out to be inessential to personhood. This move, I then argue, provides resources for responding to the pantheist’s problem of God’s person.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio