Структурный анализ безработицы в Российской Федерации

Research aim. The article analyzes the state of unemployment in theRussian Federation. Modern macroeconomic conditions and the state of the labor market necessitate identifying population groups, constituting unemployment risks. Both representatives of different schools of economic thought and modern Russian scholars devoted their work to studying unemployment problems and the need for government regulation of employment and unemployment. However, a more accurate characteristic of the level and state of unemployment requires a more thorough analysis.Materials and methods. In order to present the general picture of unemployment in theRussian Federation, structural analysis of the phenomenon is used with the help of corresponding indexes, which, in our opinion, make it possible to evaluate the level and state of unemployment in detail. Indexes of absolute structure changes, degree of absolute shift intensity were used for analysis, the level of concentration was determined etc.Results. The calculations revealed the most vulnerable groups in the structure of the unemployed, showing the necessity of searching for and applying new forms and tools of government policy for reducing the level of unemployment. According to the official statistics, the level of unemployment inRussia was 5.6 % in 2015. The labor market in theRussian Federation is characterized by a gender gap – unemployed men outnumber unemployed women by 7.8%. Besides, there is a consistent trend of increase in the number of university-educated unemployed people. According to the calculations, the percentage of women with higher and secondary education is higher than the share of men. The difference in the structure of the unemployed among women and men in regards to education is in average about 14% of the maximum possible. Quite a high level of youth unemployment (approximately 25%) describes the unstable position of the given group in the labor market.Calculations of Grofman, Kazinets and Ryabtsev indexes confirm it. Nevertheless, the level of concentration in distribution of unemployment among youth tends to decrease in recent years. Besides, there is a higher level of unemployment in the country as compared to the city. Unemployment in Russian regions is characterized by considerable irregularity, too. The level of unemployment amounts to 6–8% in the major territory of the country. The situation is worst in the Karachay-Cherkess andChechenRepublics, as well as in Ingushetia and Tyva. Conclusion. The analysis of unemployment revealed differences in the structure of the unemployed of different population groups. It suggests the reasonability of using new modern tools of government policy for solving unemployment problems. The most effective measures are the following: application of social partnership mechanism, stimulation of self-employment, small business support, personnel development, organization of public works, setting job quotas, economic support of employers, use of flexible employment forms of the population, information support of labor market, support of non-state services in the sphere of population employment. Цель исследования. В статье анализируется состояние безработицы в Российской Федерации. Современные макроэкономические условия и состояние рынка труда диктуют необходимость выявления групп населения, составляющих риски безработицы. Исследованию проблем безработицы, а также необходимости государственного регулирования занятости и безработицы посвятили свои работы как представители различных школ экономической мысли, так и современные российские ученые. Однако более точная характеристика уровня и состояния безработицы требуют углубления инструментария анализа.Материалы и методы. Для представления общей картины безработицы в Российской Федерации используется структурный анализ явления с помощью соответствующих индексов, которые, на наш взгляд, он позволяют всесторонне оценить уровень и состояние безработицы. Для анализа были использованы показатели абсолютного изменения структуры, степени интенсивности абсолютного сдвига, определен уровень концентрации и т.д.Результаты. Расчеты выявили наиболее уязвимые группы в структуре безработных, показав тем самым необходимость поиска и применения новых форм и инструментов государственной политики для снижения уровня безработицы. Согласно официальной статистике уровень безработицы в России составил в 2015 году 5,6%. Рынок труда в РФ характеризуется наличием гендерного разрыва – количество безработных мужчин превышает количество безработных женщин на 7,8%. Кроме этого отмечается устойчивая тенденция роста численности безработных с высшим образованием. Согласно расчетам удельный вес женщин, имеющих высшее и среднее образование, выше, чем доля у мужчин. Различие в структуре безработных среди женщин и мужчин по уровню образования в среднем составляет около 14% от максимально возможного. Достаточно высокий уровень молодежной безработицы (около 25%) характеризует нестабильное положение данной группы населения на рынке труда. Это подтверждают расчеты индексов Грофмана, Казинца и Рябцева. Тем не менее, уровень концентрации в распределении безработицы среди молодежи в последние годы имеет тенденцию к снижению. Кроме этого наблюдается более высокий уровень безработицы на селе по сравнению с городом. Безработица в регионах России также характеризуется значительной неравномерностью. На большей территории страны уровень безработицы зафиксирован на отметке 6–8%. Наихудшая ситуация сложилась в Карачаево-Черкесской и Чеченской Республиках, а также в Ингушетии и Тыве.Заключение. Анализ безработицы выявил различия в структуре безработных по разным группам населения. Это говорит о целесообразности применения новых современных инструментов государственной политики для решения проблем безработицы. Наиболее эффективными мерами зарекомендовали применение механизма социального партнерства, стимулирование самозанятости населения, поддержка малого предпринимательства, переподготовка кадров, организация общественных работ, квотирование рабочих мест, экономическая поддержка работодателей, использование гибких форм занятости населения, информационное обеспечение рынка труда, поддержка негосударственных служб в области занятости населения.

The BNO-LNGS joint measurement of the solar neutrino capture rate in 71Ga

We describe a cooperative measurement of the capture rate of solar neutrinos by the reaction 71Ga(\nu_e,e^-)71Ge. Extractions were made from a portion of the gallium target in the Russian-American Gallium Experiment SAGE and the extraction samples were transported to the Gran Sasso laboratory for synthesis and counting at the Gallium Neutrino Observatory GNO. Six extractions of this type were made and the resultant solar neutrino capture rate was 64 ^{+24}_{-22} SNU, which agrees well with the overall result of the gallium experiments. The major purpose of this experiment was to make it possible for SAGE to continue their regular schedule of monthly solar neutrino extractions without interruption while a separate experiment was underway to measure the response of 71Ga to neutrinos from an 37Ar source. As side benefits, this experiment proved the feasibility of long-distance sample transport in ultralow background radiochemical experiments and familiarized each group with the methods and techniques of the other.Comment: 7 pages, no figures; minor additions in version

The role of herpes virus infection in development of arrhythmias in children

ECG' peculiarities and titers of anticardial antibodies (ACAB) were studied in 44 children with herpes virus infection: 63% of patients were infected by herpes virus type IV, V, VI; the rest ones - herpes virus type I,II in addition. ECG has revealed dysfunction of sinus node, conductive disturbances and changes of repolarization in 1/3 of children, 20% of patients has signs of myocardial electric instability. Part of children has increased titers of ACAB to conductive system and cardiomyocytes

Self-assembling systems based on amphiphilic alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides: Elucidation of the role of head group

A systematic study of the aggregation behavior of alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides (TPPB-n; n=8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18; here n is the number of carbon atoms in alkyl groups) in aqueous solutions has been carried out and compared with trimethyl ammonium bromides (TMAB-n). Critical micelle concentrations (cmcs) of TPPB-n and TMAB-n decrease with the number of carbon atoms with the slope parameter of ca.0.3. The low cmcs and effective solubilization power toward Orange OT indicate high micellization capacity of phosphonium surfactants. The low counterion binding parameter β is revealed for TPPB-10 and TPPB-12, while high counterion binding of ≥80% is observed for high TPPB-n homologs. Values of the surface potential ψ calculated on the basis of pK a shifts of p-nitrophenols is similar for both series and monotonously increase with alkyl chain length. Several points indicate non-monotonic changes within TPPB-n series. There are peculiarities of the tensiometry and solubilization plots for high homologs and above mentioned increases in counterion binding on transiting from low to high molecular weight surfactants. Differences in aggregation behavior between TPPB and TMAB series and between low and high homologs can be due to the specific structural character of the TPP + cation, which is supported by X-ray data. © 2011 Elsevier Inc

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RIBAVIRIN WITH SPECTROSCOPY AND MOLECULAR MODELING

This work was supported by Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia. Project Number K-003-2018

Measurement of the Solar Neutrino Capture Rate by the Russian-American Gallium Solar Neutrino Experiment During One Half of the 22-Year Cycle of Solar Activity

We present the results of measurements of the solar neutrino capture rate in gallium metal by the Russian-American Gallium Experiment SAGE during slightly more than half of a 22-year cycle of solar activity. Combined analysis of the data of 92 runs during the 12-year period January 1990 through December 2001 gives a capture rate of solar neutrinos with energy more than 233 keV of 70.8 +5.3/-5.2 (stat.) +3.7/-3.2 (syst.) SNU. This represents only slightly more than half of the predicted standard solar model rate of 128 SNU. We give the results of new runs beginning in April 1998 and the results of combined analysis of all runs since 1990 during yearly, monthly, and bimonthly periods. Using a simple analysis of the SAGE results combined with those from all other solar neutrino experiments, we estimate the electron neutrino pp flux that reaches the Earth to be (4.6 +/- 1.1) E10/(cm^2-s). Assuming that neutrinos oscillate to active flavors the pp neutrino flux emitted in the solar fusion reaction is approximately (7.7 +/- 1.8) E10/(cm^2-s), in agreement with the standard solar model calculation of (5.95 +/- 0.06) E10/(cm^2-s).Comment: English translation of article submitted to Russian journal Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. (JETP); 12 pages, 5 figures. V2: Added winter-summer difference and 2 reference

Light Sterile Neutrinos: A White Paper

This white paper addresses the hypothesis of light sterile neutrinos based on recent anomalies observed in neutrino experiments and the latest astrophysical data

Measurement of the solar neutrino capture rate with gallium metal

The solar neutrino capture rate measured by the Russian-American Gallium Experiment (SAGE) on metallic gallium during the period January 1990 through December 1997 is 67.2 (+7.2-7.0) (+3.5-3.0) SNU, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. This represents only about half of the predicted Standard Solar Model rate of 129 SNU. All the experimental procedures, including extraction of germanium from gallium, counting of 71Ge, and data analysis are discussed in detail.Comment: 34 pages including 14 figures, Revtex, slightly shortene

Measurement of the solar neutrino capture rate by SAGE and implications for neutrino oscillations in vacuum

The Russian-American solar neutrino experiment has measured the capture rate of neutrinos on metallic gallium in a radiochemical experiment at the Baksan Neutrino Observatory. Eight years of measurement give the result 67.2 (+7.2,-7.0) (+3.5,-3.0) SNU, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The restrictions these results impose on vacuum neutrino oscillation parameters are given