Research notes: Characterization of several abnormal nodulation reactions in soybeans

Several abnormal nodulation reactions in soybeans are known. These range from a complete lack of nodules, caused by the non-nodulating gene (Williams and Lynch, 1954) to plants with normal-appearing nodules (Vest et al., 1973), but low nitrogen fixation as exemplified by the \u27Peking\u27-strain T23 combination. The purpose of the study reported here was threefold

Research notes: Inheritance of abnormal nodulation between Rhizobium japonicum strain 62 and the soybean variety Amsoy 71

To date, four genes are known that result in abnormal nodulation in soybeans. The gene rj1 (Williams and Lynch, 1954; Caldwell, 1966) prevents nodulation with almost all Rhizobium japonicum strains. The genes Rj2 (Caldwell, 1966 ) in combination with strains b7 and bl4 of the 3-24-44 serogroup and bl22 of the 122 serogroup, Rj3 (Vest, 1970) in combination with strain 33, and Rj4 (Vest and Caldwell, 1972) in combination with strain 61 all result in chlorotic plants with abnormal nodulation

Applications of aerospace technology to petroleum extraction and reservoir engineering

Through contacts with the petroleum industry, the petroleum service industry, universities and government agencies, important petroleum extraction problems were identified. For each problem, areas of aerospace technology that might aid in its solution were also identified, where possible. Some of the problems were selected for further consideration. Work on these problems led to the formulation of specific concepts as candidate for development. Each concept is addressed to the solution of specific extraction problems and makes use of specific areas of aerospace technology

Understanding the effect resonant magnetic perturbations have on ELMs

All current estimations of the energy released by type I ELMs indicate that, in order to ensure an adequate lifetime of the divertor targets on ITER, a mechanism is required to decrease the amount of energy released by an ELM, or to eliminate ELMs altogether. One such amelioration mechanism relies on perturbing the magnetic field in the edge plasma region, either leading to more frequent, smaller ELMs (ELM mitigation) or ELM suppression. This technique of Resonant Magnetic Perturbations (RMPs) has been employed to suppress type I ELMs at high collisionality/density on DIII-D, ASDEX Upgrade, KSTAR and JET and at low collisionality on DIII-D. At ITER-like collisionality the RMPs enhance the transport of particles or energy and keep the edge pressure gradient below the 2D linear ideal MHD critical value that would trigger an ELM, whereas at high collisionality/density the type I ELMs are replaced by small type II ELMs. Although ELM suppression only occurs within limitied operational ranges, ELM mitigation is much more easily achieved. The exact parameters that determine the onset of ELM suppression are unknown but in all cases the magnetic perturbations produce 3D distortions to the plasma and enhanced particle transport. The incorporation of these 3D effects in codes will be essential in order to make quantitative predictions for future devices.Comment: 32 pages, 9 figure

Інвестиційне кредитування переробних підприємств АПК банківськими установами

Метою статті є аналіз динаміки інвестиційного кредитування банківськими установами переробних підприємств агропромислового комплексу. Під час проведення дослідження були використані аналітичний, статистико – економічний, графічний, порівняльний методи та метод системного аналізу

Effect of a New Microbial Strain as an Inoculant on the Quality of Maize Silage

Lactic acid bacteria play a key role in making silage from forage, and lactic acid bacteria selected from good silage could be expected to be suitable inocula for making good silage. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the such novel lactic acid bacteria for making high quality maize silage

Density-dependence of functional development in spiking cortical networks grown in vitro

During development, the mammalian brain differentiates into specialized regions with distinct functional abilities. While many factors contribute to functional specialization, we explore the effect of neuronal density on the development of neuronal interactions in vitro. Two types of cortical networks, dense and sparse, with 50,000 and 12,000 total cells respectively, are studied. Activation graphs that represent pairwise neuronal interactions are constructed using a competitive first response model. These graphs reveal that, during development in vitro, dense networks form activation connections earlier than sparse networks. Link entropy analysis of dense net- work activation graphs suggests that the majority of connections between electrodes are reciprocal in nature. Information theoretic measures reveal that early functional information interactions (among 3 cells) are synergetic in both dense and sparse networks. However, during later stages of development, previously synergetic relationships become primarily redundant in dense, but not in sparse networks. Large link entropy values in the activation graph are related to the domination of redundant ensembles in late stages of development in dense networks. Results demonstrate differences between dense and sparse networks in terms of informational groups, pairwise relationships, and activation graphs. These differences suggest that variations in cell density may result in different functional specialization of nervous system tissue in vivo.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

Relic density of dark matter in the NMSSM

We present a code to compute the relic density of dark matter in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM). Dominant corrections to the Higgs masses are calculated with NMHDECAY as well as theoretical and collider constraints. All neutralino annihilation and coannihilation processes are then computed with an extended version of micrOMEGAs, taking into acount higher order corrections to Higgs vertices. We explore the parameter space of the NMSSM and consider in particular the case of a bino LSP, of a mixed bino-higgsino LSP and of a singlino LSP. As compared to the MSSM, neutralino annihilation is often more efficient as it can take place via (additional) Higgs resonances as well as annihilation into light Higgs states. Models with a large singlino component can be compatible with WMAP constraints.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures; one reference added and minor change in acknowledgement

Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy of Extended Molecular Systems: Applications to Energy Transport and Relaxation in an α-Helix

A simulation study of the coupled dynamics of amide I and amide II vibrations in an α-helix dissolved in water shows that two-dimensional (2D) infrared spectroscopy may be used to disentangle the energy transport along the helix through each of these modes from the energy relaxation between them. Time scales for both types of processes are obtained. Using polarization-dependent 2D spectroscopy is an important ingredient in the method we propose. The method may also be applied to other two-band systems, both in the infrared (collective vibrations) and the visible (excitons) parts of the spectrum.