2,768 research outputs found
The Leavitt path algebra of a graph
For any row-finite graph and any field we construct the {\its Leavitt
path algebra} having coefficients in . When is the field of
complex numbers, then is the algebraic analog of the Cuntz Krieger
algebra described in [8]. The matrix rings and the Leavitt
algebras L(1,n) appear as algebras of the form for various graphs .
In our main result, we give necessary and sufficient conditions on which
imply that is simple
Purely infinite simple Leavitt path algebras
We give necessary and sufficient conditions on a row-finite graph E so that
the Leavitt path algebra L(E) is purely infinite simple. This result provides
the algebraic analog to the corresponding result for the Cuntz-Krieger
C-algebra C(E) given in [7]
Commutator Leavitt path algebras
For any field K and directed graph E, we completely describe the elements of
the Leavitt path algebra L_K(E) which lie in the commutator subspace
[L_K(E),L_K(E)]. We then use this result to classify all Leavitt path algebras
L_K(E) that satisfy L_K(E)=[L_K(E),L_K(E)]. We also show that these Leavitt
path algebras have the additional (unusual) property that all their Lie ideals
are (ring-theoretic) ideals, and construct examples of such rings with various
ideal structures.Comment: 24 page
Exchange Leavitt path algebras and stable rank
We characterize those Leavitt path algebras which are exchange rings in terms of intrinsic properties of the graph and show that the values of the stable rank for these algebras are 1, 2 or ∞. Concrete criteria in terms of properties of the underlying graph are given for each case
Typologies of young pathological gamblers based on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics
Objective: the aim of this study is to explore empirical clusters within the population of young Spanish individuals attending outpatient pathological gambling treatment. Method: the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), the Temperament and Character Inventory-R (TCI-R) and other clinical and psychopathological measures were administered to 154 patients (between 17 and 25 years old). The two-step cluster analysis explored the presence of empirical heterogeneous groups based on clinical and socio-demographic characteristics. Results: three clusters of young pathological gambling patients emerged. Type I showed less psychopathology and more functional personality traits. Type II showed a profile characterized by major emotional distress, shame, immaturity, hostility and negative feelings. Type III showed the most severe psychopathological profile and most psychopathological disturbances and schizotypal traits. Conclusions: these results suggest that three distinct endophenotypes exist, and that environmental factors have a stronger influence in the first, while in the second and third, individual factors related to deficits of emotional regulation stand out
Clinical, psychopathological, and personality characteristics associated with ADHD among individuals seeking treatment for gambling disorder
Objectives: (1) To assess the current presence of ADHD symptoms among patients seeking treatment for gambling disorder; (2) to explore clinical and sociodemographic differences between patients who score high and low on the measure of ADHD symptoms; (3) to analyze whether the presence of ADHD symptoms is associated with more severe psychopathology and with specific personality traits; (4) to analyze the mediating role of ADHD symptoms in the relationship between novelty seeking and gambling severity. Method: A total of 354 consecutive patients were administered an extensive battery assessing gambling behavior, psychopathology, and personality traits. Results: Male and female gamblers did not differ significantly in their mean scores on the ADHD measure. However, younger participants aged 18-35 scored higher. Higher ADHD scores were also associated with greater severity of gambling disorder and more general psychopathology. Regarding personality traits, high persistence and self-directedness were negatively related to ADHD scores, while in women alone a positive correlation was found between ADHD scores and scores on harm avoidance and self-transcendence. Conclusion: The presence of ADHD symptoms in both male and female gambling disorder patients may act as an indicator of the severity of gambling, general psychopathology, and dysfunctional personality traits
Comparative analysis of distinct phenotypes in gambling disorder based on gambling preferences
Background: studies examining gambling preferences have identified the importance of the type of gambling practiced on distinct individual profiles. The objectives were to compare clinical, psychopathological and personality variables between two different groups of individuals with a gambling disorder (strategic and non-strategic gamblers) and to evaluate the statistical prediction capacity of these preferences with respect to the severity of the disorder. Method: a total sample of 2010 treatment-seeking patients with a gambling disorder participated in this stand-alone study. All were recruited from a single Pathological Gambling Unit in Spain (1709 strategic and 301 non-strategic gamblers). The design of the study was cross-sectional and data were collected at the start of treatment. Data was analysed using logistic regression for binary outcomes and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for quantitative responses. Results: there were significant differences in several socio-demographic and clinical variables, as well as in personality traits (novelty seeking and cooperativeness). Multiple regression analysis showed harm avoidance and self-directedness were the main predictors of gambling severity and psychopathology, while age at assessment and age of onset of gambling behaviour were predictive of gambling severity. Strategic gambling (as opposed to non-strategic) was significantly associated with clinical outcomes, but the effect size of the relationships was small. Conclusions: it is possible to identify distinct phenotypes depending on the preference of gambling. While these phenotypes differ in relation to the severity of the gambling disorder, psychopathology and personality traits, they can be useful from a clinical and therapeutic perspective in enabling risk factors to be identified and prevention programs targeting specific individual profiles to be developed
Comparative analysis of distinct phenotypes in gambling disorder based on gambling preferences
Background: Studies examining gambling preferences have identified the importance of the type of gambling
practiced on distinct individual profiles. The objectives were to compare clinical, psychopathological and personality
variables between two different groups of individuals with a gambling disorder (strategic and non-strategic
gamblers) and to evaluate the statistical prediction capacity of these preferences with respect to the severity of the
disorder.
Method: A total sample of 2010 treatment-seeking patients with a gambling disorder participated in this
stand-alone study. All were recruited from a single Pathological Gambling Unit in Spain (1709 strategic and 301
non-strategic gamblers). The design of the study was cross-sectional and data were collected at the start of
treatment. Data was analysed using logistic regression for binary outcomes and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for
quantitative responses.
Results: There were significant differences in several socio-demographic and clinical variables, as well as in
personality traits (novelty seeking and cooperativeness). Multiple regression analysis showed harm avoidance and
self-directedness were the main predictors of gambling severity and psychopathology, while age at assessment and
age of onset of gambling behaviour were predictive of gambling severity. Strategic gambling (as opposed to
non-strategic) was significantly associated with clinical outcomes, but the effect size of the relationships was small.
Conclusions: It is possible to identify distinct phenotypes depending on the preference of gambling. While these
phenotypes differ in relation to the severity of the gambling disorder, psychopathology and personality traits, they
can be useful from a clinical and therapeutic perspective in enabling risk factors to be identified and prevention
programs targeting specific individual profiles to be developed
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