Hope and Focus on Future as Protective Health Factors? A Moderation Analysis with Race and Income

Health promotion and prevention are important goals in public health (Dubois, 2017). Hope and consideration of future consequences are two suggested protective factors that promote healthy behaviors, such as healthy eating and physical activity (Joireman et al., 2012; Joireman & King, 2016; Kwon et al., 2015; Scioli et al., 2011; Valle et al., 2006). These behaviors are important preventive measures and promote optimum physical and mental health (Aboderin et al., 2001; Elisaf, 2001; Hu et al., 2001; Key, Allen, Spencer, & Travis, 2002; WHO, 2018). However, physical and mental health disorders disproportionally impact oppressed and marginalized communities (Adler & Rehkopf, 2008; Davey-Smith, 1997; Oyserman, Smith, & Elmore, 2014; Williams & Jackson, 2005). At the same time, research examining hope and consideration of future consequences rarely examines the differential impact of these constructs for different communities (Johnson, Blum, & Cheng, 2014; Kwon et al., 2015). This study assessed how participants’ levels of hope, future orientation, and present orientation promote healthy eating and physical activity in the contexts of income and race. Specifically, results showed that hope predicted physical activity but not healthy eating; consideration of future consequences predicted both healthy eating and physical activity; and consideration of immediate consequences predicted less healthy eating but did not predict physical activity. Furthermore, income moderated the relationship between consideration of future consequences and healthy eating. Race did not show any significant moderation effects. Interventions that emphasize hope, considering future consequences, and considering immediate consequences may have some effect on individuals’ physical activity and healthy eating behaviors. However, these results will likely be limited without additional intervention components. Indeed, the efforts of any intervention should be aimed towards higher-order change, which is necessary for affecting individuals’ and communities’ opportunities and likelihood of increasing health-promoting behaviors

Systematic review: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, platelet-rich plasma and biomaterials as new regenerative strategies in chronic skin wounds and soft tissue defects

The number of clinical trials evaluating adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and biomaterials efficacy in regenerative plastic surgery has ex-ponentially increased during the last ten years. AD-MSCs are easily accessible from various fat depots and show intrinsic plasticity in giving rise to cell types involved in wound healing and angiogenesis. AD-MSCs have been used in the treatment of soft tissue defects and chronic wounds, employed in conjunction with a fat grafting technique or with dermal substitute scaffolds and platelet-rich plasma. In this systematic review, an overview of the current knowledge on this topic has been provided, based on existing studies and the authors\u2019 experience. A multistep search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PreMEDLINE, Ebase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Clinicaltrials.gov, Scopus data-base, and Cochrane databases has been performed to identify papers on AD-MSCs, PRP, and bio-materials used in soft tissue defects and chronic wounds. Of the 2136 articles initially identified, 422 articles focusing on regenerative strategies in wound healing were selected and, consequently, only 278 articles apparently related to AD-MSC, PRP, and biomaterials were initially assessed for eligibility. Of these, 85 articles were excluded as pre-clinical, experimental, and in vitro studies. For the above-mentioned reasons, 193 articles were selected; of this amount, 121 letters, expert opinions, commentary, and editorials were removed. The remaining 72 articles, strictly regarding the use of AD-MSCs, PRP, and biomaterials in chronic skin wounds and soft tissue defects, were analyzed. The studies included had to match predetermined criteria according to the patients, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) approach. The information analyzed highlights the safety and efficacy of AD-MSCs, PRP, and biomaterials on soft tissue defects and chronic wounds, without major side effects

A hope-based future orientation intervention to arrest adversity

Hope has been identified as a key element to success in planning one’s future. An attitude of hope opposes feelings of despair and can sustain one through adversity. The study reported on in this article is based on the premise that everyone needs hope to thrive and that educators can be providers of hope for the future, since they are responsible for building capacity in young people. Educators can assist young people towards successful transition from school to tertiary education and training, before entering the world of work, by focusing on practical interventions. The prevailing difficulties within the economic sociopolitical arena contribute to ubiquitous feelings of helplessness and hopelessness among both privileged and disenfranchised people. The intention of this case study was to explore the efficacy of a hope-based future orientation intervention to arrest the negative impact of adversities faced by a university student. The participatory action research approach was used to gain insight into the experiences of the participant. The analysis was qualitative. The efficacy of this intervention, which uses constructs of hope as a unique foundation, is discussed. Keywords: education; future orientation; guidance; hope; livelihood; wor

Policía y discurso político : Disputas en torno al nuevo cuerpo de policías locales

A partir del siguiente trabajo nos proponemos analizar los discursos que giran en torno a las nuevas Policías Locales. Nos centraremos en describir y desentrañar aquellos discursos que ponen de relieve las disputas que surgen a la hora de definir la concepción de seguridad, como así también el rol y función de este cuerpo de seguridad. Las Policías Locales fueron recientemente creadas por Gobernador de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Daniel Scioli, mediante la Resolución Nº835/14 y el Decreto Nº373/14, tras un trunco debate en la Legislatura Provincial acerca del Proyecto de ley enviado el 24 de febrero de 2014 por el mismo Gobernador. El diseño de esta nueva política gubernamental tiene lugar en el marco de un contexto en el que la cuestión de la inseguridad ya está instalada como una temática recurrente, siendo central en el debate mediático, político y social, y en el que los gobiernos locales fueron conformándose como actores centrales en la gestión de las políticas públicas. En este contexto, el gobierno local se presenta como asumiendo el mandato de contar con una “policía propia”.Mesa 32: Crimen y castigo. Conflictividades, ilegalismos, justicias y control social (siglos XIX a XXI).Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Systematic Review: Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Platelet-Rich Plasma and Biomaterials as New Regenerative Strategies in Chronic Skin Wounds and Soft Tissue Defects

The number of clinical trials evaluating adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and biomaterials efficacy in regenerative plastic surgery has exponentially increased during the last ten years. AD-MSCs are easily accessible from various fat depots and show intrinsic plasticity in giving rise to cell types involved in wound healing and angiogenesis. AD-MSCs have been used in the treatment of soft tissue defects and chronic wounds, employed in conjunction with a fat grafting technique or with dermal substitute scaffolds and platelet-rich plasma. In this systematic review, an overview of the current knowledge on this topic has been provided, based on existing studies and the authors' experience. A multistep search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PreMEDLINE, Ebase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Clinicaltrials.gov, Scopus database, and Cochrane databases has been performed to identify papers on AD-MSCs, PRP, and biomaterials used in soft tissue defects and chronic wounds. Of the 2136 articles initially identified, 422 articles focusing on regenerative strategies in wound healing were selected and, consequently, only 278 articles apparently related to AD-MSC, PRP, and biomaterials were initially assessed for eligibility. Of these, 85 articles were excluded as pre-clinical, experimental, and in vitro studies. For the above-mentioned reasons, 193 articles were selected; of this amount, 121 letters, expert opinions, commentary, and editorials were removed. The remaining 72 articles, strictly regarding the use of AD-MSCs, PRP, and biomaterials in chronic skin wounds and soft tissue defects, were analyzed. The studies included had to match predetermined criteria according to the patients, intervention, comparator, outcomes, and study design (PICOS) approach. The information analyzed highlights the safety and efficacy of AD-MSCs, PRP, and biomaterials on soft tissue defects and chronic wounds, without major side effects

A Quantitative Comparison of Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs) and Non-ACOAs on Attachment

Children who grow up in an environment where at least 1 parent is an alcoholic can experience behavioral and emotional problems that continue into adulthood. A critical literature gap concerning the relationship between attachment and adult child of an alcoholic (ACOA) status, as well as personal alcohol abuse and levels of hope, was identified. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the influence of having alcoholic parents on personal alcohol abuse, attachment, and hope among ACOAs. Informed by attachment theory, this cross-sectional study compared attachment among ACOAs and non-ACOAs and the impact of attachment on personal alcohol abuse and hope. A convenience sample of 155 adults was recruited from a self-administered online survey. Data were analyzed by independent group t tests, Pearson correlations, and multiple regressions. Significant differences between ACOAs and non-ACOAs were found on personal alcohol abuse, attachment to mother and father figures and anxious attachment to significant other, and hope. ACOA status was significantly correlated with attachment to mother, father, and significant others and personal alcohol abuse, and negatively correlated with hope. Additionally, ACOA status and hope were significant predictors of attachment with mothers; hope was a predictor of attachment with fathers and significant others; and ACOA status was a predictor of anxious attachment with fathers and significant others. This study may aid professionals in tailoring the treatment of ACOAs by addressing underlying negative experiences related to attachment, personal alcohol abuse, and hope, which ACOAs may be reluctant to disclose, thus allowing these individuals to become healthier members of society

The protein import apparatus of chloroplasts

Routing of cytosolically synthesized precursor proteins into chloroplasts is a specific process which involves a multitude of soluble and membrane components. In this review we wil1 focus on early events of the translocation pathway of nuclear coded plastidic precursor proteins and compare import routes for polypeptide of the outer chloroplast envelope to that of internal chloroplast compartments. A number of proteins housed in the chloroplast envelopes have been implied to be involved in the translocation process, but so far a certain function has not been assigned to any of these proteins. The only exception could be an envelope localized hsc 70 homologue which could retain the import competence of a precursor protein in transit into the organelle

Impact of the different preparation methods to obtain human adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells (AD-SVFs) and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs): Enzymatic digestion versus mechanical centrifugation

Autologous therapies using adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (AD-SVFs) and adult adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) warrant careful preparation of the harvested adipose tissue. Currently, no standardized technique for this preparation exists. Processing quantitative standards (PQSs) define manufacturing quantitative variables (such as time, volume, and pressure). Processing qualitative standards (PQLSs) define the quality of the materials and methods in manufacturing. The purpose of the review was to use PQSs and PQLSs to report the in vivo and in vitro results obtained by different processing kits that use different procedures (enzymatic vs. non-enzymatic) to isolate human AD-SVFs/AD-MSCs. PQSs included the volume of fat tissue harvested and reagents used, the time/gravity of centrifugation, and the time, temperature, and tilt level/speed of incubation and/or centrifugation. PQLSs included the use of a collagenase, a processing time of 30 min, kit weight, transparency of the kit components, the maintenance of a closed sterile processing environment, and the use of a small centrifuge and incubating rocker. Using a kit with the PQSs and PQLSs described in this study enables the isolation of AD-MSCs that meet the consensus quality criteria. As the discovery of new critical quality attributes (CQAs) of AD-MSCs evolve with respect to purity and potency, adjustments to these benchmark PQSs and PQLs will hopefully isolate AD-MSCs of various CQAs with greater reproducibility, quality, and safety. Confirmatory studies will no doubt need to be completed

Un estudio sobre la percepción del estigma asociado al consumo de drogas en una muestra de italianos y no italianos

The goal of the present study has been to exploratorily analyse the possible differences in perceived stigma on drug use between a sample of students and health services workers from Italy and Belgium. The Perceived Stigma of Addiction Scale (PSAS) (Luoma, Hair, Kohlenberg, Hayes, and Fletcher, 2010) was used. A total of 277 participants took part in this study. Outcomes\ud showed that the perceived stigma among Italians was signifi- cantly higher (M= 23.68) than that reported by Belgians (M = 20.26). Authors argued that many factors (e.g., social, cultural, etc.) may explain the differences obtained. On the other hand, the existence of a stigma circuit (Scioli and Paniccia), which would\ud share some similarities with the anxiety circuit, seems to trap the person in a vicious cycle of events that would make the relapse from addiction harder. The limitations and scope of the obtained results in the frame of this ex- ploratory study is discussed