Exact and Heuristic Algorithms for the Carrier-Vehicle Traveling Salesman Problem

This paper presents new structural properties for the Carrier-Vehicle Traveling Salesman Problem. The authors provide a new mixed integer second order conic optimization formulation, with associated optimality cuts based on the structural properties, and an Iterated Local Search (ILS) algorithm. Computational experiments on instances from the literature demonstrate the superiority of the new formulation to the existing models and algorithms in the literature, and the high quality solutions found by the ILS algorithm

Anticancer effect of the fruit and seed extracts of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) on human cancer cell lines

Purpose: To investigate anticancer effects of Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia) fruit and seed extracts on some cancer cell lines. Methods: Human cancer cell lines, including lung cancer (A549), breast cancer (MCF-7), chronic myeloid leukemia (K562) and T cell leukemia (Jurkat) were incubated with the extracts (0 - 0.8 mg/mL) for 72 h. The cytotoxic effects of the extracts were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- dipenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A549 and MCF-7 cells were treated with the ethanol fruit extract (FE) for 24 h and stained with propidium iodide (PI) for the analysis of cell cycle arrest using flow cytometry. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining along with flow cytometry analysis and caspase-3 assays were carried out to determine the apoptosis of the cells treated with FE extract for 24 h. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion of the cells exposed to FE extract for 1 h was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell invasion assay was applied to detect cell migration after treatment with FE extract for 48 h. Results: Ethanol fruit extract (FE) resulted in 90, 92, 85 and 87 % cytotoxicity against K562, A549, MCF-7 and Jurkat cell lines, respectively. However, ethanol seed extract of seed (SE) was less effective (≤42 %) on cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Acetone fruit extract (FA) caused 82, 75 and 59 % cytotoxicity on MCF-7, Jurkat and K562 cells, respectively, whereas 20 % cytotoxicity was observed on A549 cells. Dose analyses of FE extract indicated that K562 cells had the lowest IC50 value (0.082 mg/mL). In addition, FE extract treatment caused accumulation of A549 and MCF-7 cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, apoptotic cell death was observed in A549 or MCF-7 cells treated with the FE extract. While the treatment of A549 cells with LPS for 24 h resulted in 19-fold increase in VEGF secretion, combination of FE with LPS caused 9.6-fold decrease in VEGF secretion, indicating the antiangiogenic activity of FE extract. Furthermore, FE extract treatment led to a significant decrease in the invasive properties of A549 and PC-3 cells when compared to untreated cells. Conclusion: Among the M. charantia extracts, FE extract displayed the highest anticancer potency against cancer cell lines, indicating that M. charantia FE extract may be a potential source for development of anticancer compounds in future

Investigation of corrosion behavior of borided gear steels

In this study, corrosion behaviors of GS18NiMoCr36 (GS 18) and GS32NiCrMo6.4 (GS 32) gear steels borided in Ekabor-II powder at the temperature of 950 °C for 2 and 6 h were investigated in a 6 % M HCI acid solution. The boride layer was characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction technique and the Micro-Vickers hardness tester. X-ray diffraction analysis of boride layers on the surface of the steels revealed the existence of FeB, Fe2B, CrB and Cr2B compounds. The thickness of the boride layer increases by increasing boriding time for gear steels. The hardness of the boride compounds formed on the surface of the steels GS 18 and GS 32 ranged from 1,728 to 1,905 HV0,05 and 1,815 to 2,034 HV0,05 respectively, whereas Vickers hardness values of the untreated steels GS 18 and GS 32 were 335 HV0,05 and 411 HV0,05, respectively. The corrosion resistance of borided gear steels is higher compared with that of unborided steels. The boride layer increased the corrosion resistances of gear steels 4–6-fold.Afyon Kocatepe University (Project Number: 12.FEN.BIL.19)

Relationship between retinal sensitivity and disease activity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris

OBJECTIVES: Psoriasis is a hyperproliferative chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology and ocular structures and visual pathways can also be affected during the course of this disease. Subclinical optic neuritis has previously been observed in psoriatic patients in visual evoked potential studies. This trial was designed to evaluate retinal sensitivity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. METHODS: A total of 40 eyes of 40 patients with chronic plaque-type psoriasis and 40 eyes of 40 age- and sex-matched control subjects were included in this study. The diagnosis of psoriasis was confirmed by skin biopsy. The severity was determined using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and the duration of the disease was recorded. After a full ophthalmological examination, including tests for color vision and pupil reactions, the visual field of each subject was assessed using both standard achromatic perimetry and short wavelength automated perimetry. RESULTS: The mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index was 22.05±6.40′. There were no significant differences in the visual field parameters of subjects versus controls using either method. There were correlations between disease severity and the mean deviations in standard achromatic perimetry and short wavelength automated perimetry and between disease severity and the corrected pattern standard deviation and pattern standard deviation of short wavelength automated perimetry (r = -0.363, r = -0.399, r = 0.515 and r = 0.369, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Retinal sensitivity appears to be affected by the severity of psoriasis vulgaris

Portable Lightboard Use in Online Higher Education

The emergency distance education period has led to new instructional experiences and unique practices in higher education. This study focuses on one such practice that included portable lightboards designed as a cost-effective solution to support instructors’ online teaching processes from their homes. Using a case study design, data were collected via using through interviews with eight students and nine instructors who used the lightboard for the first time in order to to explore their perceptions and lived experiences. The findings obtained in this study showed that the instructors could benefit from the writing/drawing feature supported by the dynamic drawing principle of multimedia learning from their homes. Student engagement was enhanced due to offering a sustainable learning environment resembling face-to-face courses with unique limitations. The results offer key aspects of portable lightboards with great potential for future online or blended learning environments

Exact and Heuristic Algorithms for the Carrier-Vehicle Traveling Salesman Problem

This paper presents new structural properties for the Carrier-Vehicle Traveling Salesman Problem. The authors provide a new mixed integer second order conic optimization formulation, with associated optimality cuts based on the structural properties, and an Iterated Local Search (ILS) algorithm. Computational experiments on instances from the literature demonstrate the superiority of the new formulation to the existing models and algorithms in the literature, and the high quality solutions found by the ILS algorithm

Bir çevirmenin ayak izleri: Manga Shakespeare'in çeviri eleştirisi

Çeviri, amacı olan bir eylem ve aynı zamanda da bir süreçtir. Çevirme eylemi ise bu sürecin sadece bir parçasıdır. Çeviri her zaman belli bir ortamda gerçekleşmekte ve her çeviriyi şekillendiren aktörler ve faktörler bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeple, bağlamı değerlendirilmeden çeviri ürün hakkında varılacak herhangi bir yargı eksik olacaktır. Bu temel varsayımlara, Türkiye çeviri çevrelerinde tanınmış bir çevirmen olan Sabri Gürses'in Türkçe'ye çevirmenliğini yaptığı Manga Shakespeare Serisi'nden Kuru Gürültü'nün (Much Ado Nothing) çeviri eleştirisinde varılmıştır. Bu vaka çalışmasının bulguları üzerine inşa edilen tez çalışması çeviri kalitesinin sürecin kalitesine bağlı olduğu savının doğruluğunu test edecektir. Bu bağlamda, çevirme eylemi çeviri sürecindeki yegane eylem olarak değil bütün bir iş akışının parçası olarak görülmektedir. Fikrin ortaya çıkışından satış kampanyasına kadar çeviri yayıncılığı bir süreçtir. Bu açıdan, çevirinin hem kendisi bir karar verme sürecidir hem de çeviri çeşitli aktörlerin farklı aşamalarda aldığı kararların etkisi altındadır. Bu bağlamda, benimsenen çeviri eleştiri modeli erek odaklı betimleyici ve işlevsel yaklaşımların sunduğu araçları metin çözümlemesinde kullanarak çevirinin norm ve işlevlerini ortaya çıkartacaktır. Metinsel, kişisel ve işle alakalı faktörler süreçle bağlantılı kabul edilip çevirmen kararlarının ardında yatan güdüleri ve kısıtlamaları keşfetmek ve ürünün kalitesiyle ilgili verilere dayalı bir yargıya varmak adına değerlendirmeye dahil edilecektir. Seriden iki çeviri Macbeth ve Bir Yaz Gecesi Rüyası da bulguları karşılaştırmak amacıyla incelenecektir. Bu açıdan bu tez çalışması, çeviriyi nelerin şekillendirdiğini, çevirinin nasıl ve niçin mevcut haline geldiğini anlamak amacıyla çevirmenin ayak izlerini takip eden bir yolculuktur.Translation is an action with a purpose and also a process. Actual translating is just a phase of this process. It is always situationally embedded and there are actors and factors shaping every translation. For this reason, without a consideration of its context, any judgment on a translation product will be incomplete. These are the main postulates reached with the critique of Kuru Gürültü, Turkish translation of Much Ado About Nothing from Manga Shakespeare Series, by Sabri Gürses, a prominent literary translator in Turkish translation scene. Building on the findings of this case study, the thesis tests the hypothesis that the quality of a translation is dependent on the quality of its process. Within this scope, translating is not conceived as the single activity of a translation process but rather as a part of a whole business. From the conception of the idea to the sales campaigns, publication of a translation is a process. Thus, translation is a decision making process itself and under the influence of other decisions taken by various agents at different stages. In this regard, this translation criticism model will uncover norms and functions of the translation using the tools of target-oriented descriptive and functionalist approaches in textual analysis. Textual, personal and business-related factors are all deemed relevant for the process and taken into consideration with an aim to discover possible motives and constraints behind translator's decisions and make an educated judgment about the quality of the product. Two more translations in the series, Macbeth and A Midsummer Night's Dream are also analyzed to compare with the findings. In this light, this thesis takes on a journey in the footsteps of a translator trying to understand what has shaped the translation and how and why it has come to be as it is.Güneş, Alper Zafer (Dogus Author) -- 30.01.2018 tarihine kadar kullanımı yazar tarafından kısıtlanmıştır. -- #nofulltext

Determination of anticancer effects of Urospermum picroides against human cancer cell lines

Plants continue to be a good source for developing effective anticancer agents. In this study, in vitro various biological effects of crude ethanolic extract from flowering parts of Urospermum picroides collected from the Muğla province of Turkey were investigated for the first time. Daudi, A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines and BEAS-2B normal cell line were used to identify the cytotoxic effect of the extract using MTT assay. The effect of the extract on cell cycle progression was detected by flow cytometric analysis. The level of VEGF, IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion in the cells treated with the extract were measured using ELISA The extract caused a higher cytotoxic effect on Daudi cells with an IC50 value of 85.64 µg/mL than the other cells tested. The IC50 values in HeLa and A549 cells were determined to be 135.35 and 234.8 µg/ mL, respectively. The selective cytotoxicity was considered between Daudi and BEAS-2B (109.80 µg/mL) cell lines. In addition, the effect of the extract on cell cycle progression changes according to cell line used. Moreover, the extract decreased the level of secreted VEGF in treated A549 cells by 31%. In addition, the extract resulted in a significant decrease in the secretion of IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines in A549 and Daudi cells compared to the untreated cells. These findings suggest that the flowering parts of U. picroides may be a potential source for anticancer agents