Interpersonal violence, early life adversity, and suicidal behavior in hypersexual men

There are significant gaps in knowledge regarding the role of childhood adversity, interpersonal violence, and suicidal behavior in hypersexual disorder (HD). The aim of this study was to investigate interpersonal violence in hypersexual men compared with healthy volunteers and the experience of violence in relation to suicidal behavior. Methods This case–control study includes 67 male patients with HD and 40 healthy male volunteers. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire – Short Form (CTQ-SF) and the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) were used for assessing early life adversity and interpersonal violence in childhood and in adult life. Suicidal behavior (attempts and ideation) was assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (version 6.0) and the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale – Self-rating. Results Hypersexual men reported more exposure to violence in childhood and more violent behavior as adults compared with healthy volunteers. Suicide attempters (n = 8, 12%) reported higher KIVS total score, more used violence as a child, more exposure to violence as an adult as well as higher score on CTQ-SF subscale measuring sexual abuse (SA) compared with hypersexual men without suicide attempt. Discussion Hypersexuality was associated with interpersonal violence with higher total scores in patients with a history of suicide attempt. The KIVS subscale exposure to interpersonal violence as a child was validated using the CTQ-SF but can be complemented with questions focusing on SA for full assessment of early life adversity. Conclusion Childhood adversity is an important factor in HD and interpersonal violence might be related to suicidal behavior in hypersexual men

Impulsivity in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder and Pedophilic Disorder

Background and aims: Impulsivity is regarded as a risk factor for sexual crime reoffending, and a suggested core feature in Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder. The aim of this study was to explore clinical (e.g. neurodevelopmental disorders), behavioral and neurocognitive dimensions of impulsivity in disorders of problematic sexuality, and the possible correlation between sexual compulsivity and impulsivity. Methods: Men with Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (n = 20), and Pedophilic Disorder (n = 55), enrolled in two separate drug trials in a specialized Swedish sexual medicine outpatient clinic, as well as healthy male controls (n = 57) were assessed with the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI) for sexual compulsivity, and with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Connors' Continuous Performance Test-II (CPT-II) for impulsivity. Psychiatric comorbidity information was extracted from interviews and patient case files. Results: Approximately a quarter of the clinical groups had Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Autism Spectrum Disorder. Both clinical groups reported more compulsive sexuality (r = 0.73-0.75) and attentional impulsivity (r = 0.36-0.38) than controls (P < 0.05). Based on results on univariate correlation analysis, BIS attentional score, ADHD, and Commissions T-score from CPT-II were entered in a multiple linear regression model, which accounted for 15% of the variance in HBI score (P < 0.0001). BIS attentional score was the only independent positive predictor of HBI (P = 0.001). Discussion: Self-rated attentional impulsivity is an important associated factor of compulsive sexuality, even after controlling for ADHD. Psychiatric comorbidity and compulsive sexuality are common in Pedophilic Disorder. Conclusion: Neurodevelopmental disorders and attentional impulsivity - including suitable interventions - should be further investigated in both disorders

Restoration of hepatic mitochondria during recovery from carbon tetrachloride intoxication

During CCl4 intoxication in rats, a disruption of hepatic mitochondrial structure and function occurs, which is characterized by a loss of respiratory activity, loss of phosphorylation coupled to respiration, and mitochondrial swelling, attended by loss of cristae structure. Within 15-25 hr, after full development of the mitochondrial lesion, the function and structure of the mitochondria are largely restored. Studies of the turnover of mitochondrial DNA and the rates of synthesis of mitochondrial DNA and protein indicated that the CCl4-insulted hepatocyte is repairing the mitochondrial damage by the insertion of specific elements into the damaged organelle, rather than by proliferation of undamaged mitochondria for replacement. The failure of ethidium bromide, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol, specific inhibitors of mitochondrial protein, and/or nucleic acid synthesis, to block this restoration substantiates the postulated repair process, and also indicates the non-critical nature of the respective mitochondrial functions during the repair process. Cytochrome measurements made during the period of acute damage revealed normal levels of cytochrome c, c1 and aa3. The observed elevation of cytochrome b is attributed to contamination of the preparation by hemoglobin.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22229/1/0000663.pd

Physiological maps and chemical-induced disease ontologies: tools to support NAMs development for next-generation risk assessment

editorial reviewedPhysiological maps (PM) can be defined as a graphical representation of cellular and molecular processes associated to specific organ functions (Vinken et al. 2021). Within the ONTOX project, we designed a total of 6 PMs describing physiological processes in the liver, the kidney and the brain. These PMs are then used as a tool to assess relevant mechanistic coverage and linkage between a specific organ function and a toxicological endpoint. Based on the Disease Maps project (Mazein et al. 2018) pipeline, we developed the first version of 6 PMs describing the following physiological processes: bile secretion & lipid metabolism (liver), vitamin D metabolism & urine composition (kidney), neural tube closure (update of the work of Heusinkveld et al. 2021) & brain development (brain). Our workflow included: (i) data collection from expert curated literature (ii) identification of the relevant biological mechanisms, (iii) screening of online databases (e.g. Wikipathways, Reactome, and KEGG) for previously described pathways, (iv) manual curation and integration of the data into a PM using CellDesigner, and (v) visualization on the MINERVA platform (Hoksza et al. 2019). These qualitative PMs represent an important tool for exploring curated literature, analyzing networks and benchmarking the development of new adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). These PMs provide the basis for developing quantitative disease ontologies, integrating different layers of pathological and toxicological information, chemical information (drug-induced pathways) and kinetic data. The resulting chemical-induced disease ontologies will provide a multi-layered platform for integration and visualization of such information. The ontologies will contribute to improving understanding of organ/disease related pathways in response to chemicals, visualize omics datasets, develop quantitative methods for computational disease modeling and for predicting toxicity, set up an in vitro & in silico test battery to detect a specific type of toxicity, and develop new animal-free approaches for next generation risk assessment

I sakens natur - En kvalitativ studie av asylprocessen för personer som söker asyl på grund av könsidentitet eller sexuell läggning

Syftet med denna uppsats är att se hur migrationsverkets dokument förhåller sig till personer som söker asyl i Sverige på grund av könsidentitet eller sexuell läggning. Våra frågeställningar är: vilka begrepp framstår som viktiga i vår empiri och hur används dem? Hur förhåller sig migrationsverket till heteronormativitet i de dokument som vi analyserar? Presenteras det en ideal person som söker asyl på grund av könsidentitet eller sexuell läggning i dokumenten? För att få svar på våra frågeställningar så har vi använt oss av kritisk diskursanalys som metod och queerteori och makt som teoretisk tolkningsram. Våra huvudresultat i uppsatsen är att migrationsverket använder sig av trovärdighet och öppenhet utifrån en bestämd uppfattning kring vad dessa begrepp ska innebära. Detta leder i sin tur till gränsdragningar och en heteronormativ uppfattning gällande den asylsökande. I och med att man har en tydlig bild av vad som ska ingå i trovärdighet och öppenhet så sker det automatiskt ett osynliggörande av människor som inte uppfyller de rätta kriterierna