Synthesis of some novel blends of polylactide with polylactide-b-poly (ethylene glycol) block copolymers

The synthesis of polylactide (PLA)-b-polyethylene glycol (PEG) linear block copolymers and their use in blends with pure-PLA is described. PLA-b-PEG linear block copolymers were obtained by the reaction between poly(ethylene glycol) bis (2-aminopropyl ether) (molecular weight 2000 Dalton) with PLA in the presence of stannous octoate via trans esterification. Molecular weight measurements of the block copolymers indicated that AB and ABA type block copolymers were obtained by controlling the feed ratio in the trans esterification reactions. The copolymers obtained were purified by the fractional precipitation and then characterized by H-1-NMR, FTIR, GPC and DSC techniques. Blends of pure PLA with PLA-b-PEG displayed improved mechanical properties compared to pure PLA. Thermal, mechanical and morphological characterization of the blends were also conducted.Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi- 2011.10.03.0

An arachnoidal cystoperitoneal shunt catheter which protruded via anus and caused subdural empyema after colonic perforation : A rare complication

Ventriküloperitoneal (VP) ve kistoperitoneal (KP) şant uygulaması, beyin omurilik sıvısının periton boşluğuna akışını sağlayan ve hidrosefali tadavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan cerrahi bir yöntemdir. Güvenli ve etkili bir yöntem olmalarına rağmen nadiren, kolon perforasyonunun da içinde yer aldığı çeşitli batın içi komplikasyonlara neden olabilirler. Şantın neden olduğu kolon perforasyonu, peritonit ve/veya assendan intrakranial enfeksiyonlar nedeniyle mortalite ve morbititesi yüksek olan, nadir bir komplikasyondur. Burada, kolon perforayonu sonrasında oluşan subdural abse nedeniyle hemiparazi sekeli gelişen bir çocuk hasta sunulmuştur.Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) and cystoperitoneal (CP) shunt insertion are common surgical treatment methods for hydrocephalus which allow the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the peritoneal cavity. Although these procedures are safe and effective, they may lead to various intraabdominal complications including colonic perforation. Shunt related colonic perforations have high mortality and morbidity rate because of peritonitis and/or retrograde intracranial infections. We presented here a child who developed hemiparesis due to subdural abscess after colonic perforation

Synthesis of some novel blends of polylactide with polylactide-b-poly (ethylene glycol) block copolymers

The synthesis of polylactide (PLA)-b-polyethylene glycol (PEG) linear block copolymers and their use in blends with pure-PLA is described. PLA-b-PEG linear block copolymers were obtained by the reaction between poly(ethylene glycol) bis (2-aminopropyl ether) (molecular weight 2000 Dalton) with PLA in the presence of stannous octoate via trans esterification. Molecular weight measurements of the block copolymers indicated that AB and ABA type block copolymers were obtained by controlling the feed ratio in the trans esterification reactions. The copolymers obtained were purified by the fractional precipitation and then characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR, GPC and DSC techniques. Blends of pure PLA with PLA-b-PEG displayed improved mechanical properties compared to pure PLA. Thermal, mechanical and morphological characterization of the blends were also conducted. © 2012 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Fundamental Research Fund of Shandong University: 2011.10.03.01 108T423This work was financially supported by TUBITAK (Grant #108T423) and Zonguldak Karaelmas University Research Fund (2011.10.03.01)

Posaconazole prophylaxis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: A real life experience from a prospective multicenter observational study

<div><p>Vaginal candidiasis is a common disorder in women of childbearing age, caused primarily by the dimorphic fungus <i>Candida albicans</i>. Since <i>C</i>. <i>albicans</i> is a normal commensal of the vaginal mucosa, a long-standing question is how the fungus switches from being a harmless commensal to a virulent pathogen. Work with human subjects and in mouse disease models suggests that host inflammatory processes drive the onset of symptomatic infection. Fungal cell wall molecules can induce inflammation through activation of epithelial and immune receptors that trigger pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but pathogenic fungi can evade recognition by masking these molecules. Knowledge about which cell wall epitopes are available for immune recognition during human infection could implicate specific ligands and receptors in the symptoms of vaginal candidiasis. To address this important gap, we directly probed the surface of fungi present in fresh vaginal samples obtained both from women with symptomatic <i>Candida</i> vaginitis and from women that are colonized but asymptomatic. We find that the pro-inflammatory cell wall polysaccharide β-glucan is largely masked from immune recognition, especially on yeast. It is only exposed on a small percentage of hyphal cells, where it tends to co-localize with enhanced levels of chitin. Enhanced β-glucan availability is only found in symptomatic patients with strong neutrophil infiltration, implicating neutrophils as a possible driver of these cell wall changes. This is especially interesting because neutrophils were recently shown to be necessary and sufficient to provoke enhanced β-glucan exposure in <i>C</i>. <i>albicans</i>, accompanied by elevated immune responses. Taken together, our data suggest that the architecture of <i>C</i>. <i>albicans</i> cell wall can be altered by environmental stress during vaginal candidiasis.</p></div