Adolescent pregnancy in West Turkey. Cross sectional survey of married adolescents

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine both the fertility characteristics of married adolescent women in Denizli province center and the adolescent pregnancy rate and also some factors that could occur with adolescent pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Denizli province center in the year 2001. According to the Turkish Demographic Health Survey 1998 statistics, the percentage of married adolescents between 15-19 years of age who have begun to give birth is 9.3-10.2%. The sample size of 3471 was determined using EPI INFO software. To reach this sample size, 5 of the 25 health clinics in Denizli province center were chosen by simple random sampling method. Results: Approximately 6.4% of the adolescents were married, 4.9% had been pregnant as an adolescent, 4.8% had delivered a baby, 23.3% of the married adolescents had never been pregnant, 23.3% were pregnant with their first child, and 51.2% were mothers; 76.7% had been pregnant one or more times. The majority of the married adolescent women in the research group (57.2%) do not use any method of family planning, followed by 15.7% who use an intrauterine device. Age, lower degree of education (less than 8 years) and unemployment were identified as risk factors for adolescent pregnancy. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that although the frequency of adolescent pregnancy in the region is lower than the mean value in Turkey, it is higher compared with other countries. Age, education <8 years and unemployment are risk factors for adolescent pregnancy

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Evaluation Of The Muscle And Tendon Changes İn Patients With Acromegaly

Çalışmamızda, akromegali hastalarında alt ekstremite tendon, yumuşak doku, kas gruplarının kalınlığı, pennat açı ve entezit varlığı yönünden araştırılması, myostatin, Procollagen III N-Terminal Peptide (PIIINP) düzeylerinin saptanması, hastaların yaşam kalitesi ve yorgunluk açısından değerlendirilmesi ve hastalığın aktif veya kontrol altında olmasının bu ölçümler üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Alt ekstremite tendon, entezit, yumuşak doku ve kas değerlendirmeleri USG ile yapılmıştır. Acroqol ve MAF anketleri uygulanmış, serum myostatin ve PIIINP düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. Çalışmamıza 39 akromegali hastası ile yaş, cinsiyet, boy ve ağırlık yönünden benzer 39 sağlıklı erişkin dahil edilmiştir. Aşil tendon, plantar fasya, cilt, topuk kalınlıkları ,aşil ve patellar entezit varlığı akromegali hastalarında kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p0,05). MAF skoru aktif ve inaktif akromegali hasta gruplarında kontrol gruplarına göre daha yüksek, acroqol değeri aktif ve inaktif hasta gruplarında benzer bulunmuştur(p0,05). Sonuç olarak;akromegali yumuşak doku ve tendon kalınlıklarında artışa, entezit oluşumuna, bazı kasların kalınlıklarında azalma ve mikromimarilerinde (kas gücünde azalmaya işaret eden) bozulmaya yol açabilir. Bu değişiklikler, hastaların yaşam kalitelerinde azalma ve yorgunluk artışına katkıda bulunabilir.The aims of our study were to investigatelower extremity tendons, soft tissue, muscle groups in terms of thickness, pennation angle, and the presence of enthesitis,to evaluate the levels of myostatin, Procollagen III N-Terminal Peptide (PIIINP) and quality of life, fatigue in acromegaly patients. Thirty-nine acromegaly patients and 39healthy control subjects similar for age, sex and body mass index were enrolled. Lower extremity tendon, skin, and muscles were evaluated by ultrasound. Acroqol and MAF questionnaires were applied. The thickness of Achilles tendon, skin, plantar fascia and heel were higher in acromegaly group than the control group (p 0.05). MAF score was higher in active and inactive acromegaly patients group than in control groups (p<0,05).In conclusion; acromegaly may cause to an increase in soft tissue and tendon thicknesses, enthesitis formation, decrease in the thickness of some muscles, and deterioration in microstructures (indicating decreased muscle strength). These changes may contribute to an impairment in the quality of life and an increase in fatigue in acromegal

Effects of legal regulations on land use change: 2/B applications in Turkish forest law

For the countries struggling with climate change, sustainable forestry is one of the greatest challenges and is difficult to define, implement, and to measure. According to the scientific community’s consensus on climate change, forests are one of the major sinks and sustainable forest management (SFM) is needed to prevent deforestation and its negative effects on natural ecosystems. Despite being a party to many international treaties/agreements related to land use policies (LUP) that are promoting SFM to protect and develop forest resources, the 2/B application in Turkish forest legislation has been causing deforestation in Turkey since the 1970s. In this study, 2/B applications–political and legal process–causing deforestation by land use change (LUC) are investigated by carrying out a legal analysis. About 500.000 ha of forests have been lost due to the 2/B application and as a LUP directly affects SFM, carbon sequestration capacities (CSC), and therefore, climate change. To exemplify this pre and post-LUC change and effect, the amount of carbon that was prevented from being absorbed as 176,7 tonnes/ha on average in a given forest area for the year 2016. There is a vital need to address the negative effects of ill-defined forest legislation to achieve SFM

Investigation of the calcification at the petroclival region through Multi-slice Computed Tomography of the skull base

SIMSEK, GOKCE/0000-0001-5281-0986; INAL, MIKAIL/0000-0003-0642-7913; celebi, umut orkun/0000-0003-2539-2525WOS: 000374077300003PubMed: 26922483Objectives: The aim of this paper was a retrospective investigation of calcification at the petroclival region using Multi-slice Computed Tomography (MSCT). Methods: One hundred thirty skull bases were reviewed. The images were acquired with a 64 slice CT (MSCT). At first images were taken at the axial plane; and then coronal and sagittal reconstructions of raw data were performed. Later investigations were carried out on these 3-dimensional images (3-D imaging). Petrosphenoidal ligament (PSL) (Gruber's ligament) and posterior petroclinoid ligament (PPCL) calcifications were evaluated as "none, partial or complete calcification" for the right and left sides. Results: In the right PSL, there were partial calcifications in 9.8% and complete calcifications in 2.3%. Calcification ratio was 9.8% partial and 2.9% complete in the left PSL. In the right side, there were 26.6% partial and 5.2% complete calcifications of PPCL. In the left side, there were 29.5% partial and 4.6% complete PPCL calcifications.. PPCL calcification was detected more in males compared to females in the right and left sides. In older patients, left PSL; right and left PPCL calcification were detected more. Conclusion: PPCL calcifications cannot be differentiated from PSL calcifications in MSCT slices. The distinction can be easily done in 3-D views. The presence of ossified ligaments may make surgeries in this region difficult, and special care has to be taken to avoid injuries to structures which pass under these ossified ligaments. Particularly in elderly patients, the appropriate surgical instrument for the PSL calcifications should be prepared preoperatively. If PSL is calcified, 6th cranial nerve palsy may not occur even though increased intracranial pressure syndrome is present. Whereas, in lateral trans-tentorial herniations, 3rd cranial nerve palsy occurs in earlier periods when PSL is calcified. Moreover, in sub temporal and transtentorial petrosal approaches, knowing the PSL calcification preoperatively is important to avoid damaging the 6th cranial nerve during surgery. (C) 2016 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved