Daños antijurídicos ocasionados por riesgos psicosociales

Dentro del derecho de daños actual, existe un gran interés por las afectaciones a la salud que causan los riesgos psicosociales generadores del estrés, al igual que los daños causados por violencia o acoso laboral. La responsabilidad por este tipo de daños, presentan gran dificultad probatoria, que podrían hacer inefectivos los derechos que protege, debido a que se trata de un régimen de culpa probada, que tiene origen en conductas silenciosas o clandestinas y que requieren de un análisis médico-científico. El principio de Tutela efectiva de los derechos fundamentales, como se explica en el presente estudio, sería la base sobre la cual sustentar la aligeración de la prueba a favor de la víctima para establecer la responsabilidad del Estado por este tipo de daños.Universidad Libre -- Facultad de derecho --Maestría en Derecho AdministrativoWithin current tort law, there is great interest in the health effects caused by psychosocial risks that generate stress, as well as damages caused by violence or harassment at work. The liability for this type of damage presents great evidentiary difficulties, which could render ineffective the rights it protects, since it is a proven fault regime, which originates in silent conducts, and which require a medical-scientific analysis. The principle of effective protection of fundamental rights, as explained in this study, would be the basis on which to support the lightening of the proof in favor of the victim to establish the liability of the State for this type of damage

Association of phenylthiocarbamide perception with anthropometric variables and intake and liking for bitter vegetables

Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) sensitivity, a sensory trait mediated by the bitter taste receptor 38 (TAS2R38), has been described as a promising biomarker of health status or disease risk. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the influence of PTC phenotypes on (1) individual anthropometric and clinical history variables; (2) other basic taste recognition thresholds (RTs), and (3) the hedonic perception and habitual intake of Brassicaceae vegetables in a young adult population (18.9 ± 1.7 years old). The PTC phenotype was determined by the quantitative measure of the PTC recognition threshold (non-tasters, 24.1%; tasters, 52.3%; and super tasters, 23.6%). No significant differences in smoking habits, oral and nasal disorders, family antecedents of diseases related to metabolic syndrome, and Brassicaceae vegetable hedonic perception and consumption were found between the PTC phenotype groups. The average BMI of super-taster females and males was significantly lower compared to non-tasters. In addition, the PTC taster status was a predictor of lower scores for other basic taste RTs. Overall, the defined PTC super-taster cohort could be differentiated from the non-tasters by variables related to weight control such as BMI and sucrose RT

A systematic approach for peptide characterization of B-cell receptor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells

A wide variety of immunoglobulins (Ig) is produced by the immune system thanks to different mechanisms (V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation, and antigen selection). The profiling of Ig sequences (at both DNA and peptide levels) are of great relevance to developing targeted vaccines or treatments for specific diseases or infections. Thus, genomics and proteomics techniques (such as Next- Generation Sequencing (NGS) and mass spectrometry (MS)) have notably increased the knowledge in Ig sequencing and serum Ig peptide profiling in a high-throughput manner. However, the peptide characterization of membrane-bound Ig (e.g., B-cell receptors, BCR) is still a challenge mainly due to the poor recovery of mentioned Ig. Herein, we have evaluated three different sample processing methods for peptide sequencing of BCR belonging to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B cells identifying up to 426 different peptide sequences (MS/MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004466). Moreover, as a consequence of the results here obtained, recommended guidelines have been described for BCR-sequencing of B-CLL samples by MS approaches. For this purpose, an in-house algorithm has been designed and developed to compare the MS/MS results with those obtained by molecular biology in order to integrate both proteomics and genomics results and establish the steps to follow when sequencing membrane-bound Ig by MS/MS.We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII) for the grants: FIS PI11/02114 and FIS PI114/01538. We also acknowledge Fondos FEDER (EU) and Junta Castilla León (grant BIO/SA07/15). This work has been also sponsored by Fundación Solórzano (FS/23-2015). The Proteomics Unit belongs to ProteoRed, PRB2-ISCIII, supported by grant PT13/0001, of the PE I+D+I 2013-2016, funded by ISCIII and FEDER. The authors would like to thank all the clinicians and technicians in the Cytometry and Cell Purification Services of the University of Salamanca, the Spanish National DNA Bank (Banco Nacional de DNA Carlos III, University of Salamanca) and the Genomic Unit of Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC) for their support in the data collection for the preparation of this manuscript. P.D. is supported by a JCYL-EDU/346/2013 Ph.D. scholarship.Peer Reviewe

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos de La Guajira, Cesar, Nariño y Magdalena

En el siguiente trabajo se realiza una observación desde una mirada psicológica encaminada en los escenarios de violencia que vive el país, pueblos y localidades en la actualidad, comprendiendo los diferentes contextos como son lo social, político y cultural, mediante un análisis de la dimensión psicosocial para así encontrar estrategias psicosociales que permitan a la víctima enfrentar todo evento traumático del cual haya vivido permitiéndoles un futuro sano y exitoso. En los relatos compartidos se puede observar la revictimización hacia poblaciones víctimas de la violencia, irrespetando sus derechos y sus espacios y en algún momento ellos han causado el desplazamiento de muchas familias siendo partes de estas, por lo contemplado en el caso de de Peñas Coloradas. El conflicto armado ha sido una parte de la vida de muchos colombianos afectados por la violencia, siendo estos reclutados, desplazados, y amedrantados por grupos al margen de la ley, atropellando los derechos humanos de estas poblaciones contribuyendo a que haya más pobreza en el país. Finalizando con estrategias psicosociales del caso de Peñas Coloradas, realizando una observación de que emergentes psicosociales están latentes después de la incursión y hostigamiento militar, los impactos generados a la población por ser señalados de ser parte de los grupos al margen de la ley y así proponer dos acciones de apoyo en la crisis que se encuentra esta poblacional igual se encontraras estrategias de abordaje psicosocial.In the following work, an observation is made from a psychological perspective directed at the scenarios of violence that the country, towns, and localities are currently experiencing, understanding the different contexts such as the social, political, and cultural, through an analysis of the psychosocial dimension. to find psychosocial strategies that allow the victim to face any traumatic event that they have experienced, allowing them a healthy and successful future. In the shared stories, it is possible to observe the re-victimization of populations that are victims of violence, disrespecting their rights and their spaces and at some point, they have caused the displacement of many families, being part of them, as contemplated in the case of Peñas Coloradas. The armed conflict has been a part of the lives of many Colombians affected by violence, being recruited, displaced, and intimidated by groups outside the law, trampling the human rights of these populations, contributing to more poverty in the country. Concluding with psychosocial strategies in the case of Peñas Coloradas, observing that emerging psychosocial are latent after the incursion and military harassment, the impacts generated on the population by being accused of being part of groups outside the law and thus proposing Two support actions in the crisis that this population finds itself will find psychosocial approach strategies

Exploring metabolic responses of potato tissue induced by electric pulses

In this study, we investigated the metabolic responses of potato tissue induced by pulsed electric field (PEF). Potato tissue was subjected to field strengths ranging from 30 to 500 V/cm, with a single rectangular pulse of 10 μs, 100 μs, or 1 ms. Metabolic responses were monitored using isothermal calorimetry, changes on electrical resistance during the delivery of the pulse, as well as impedance measurements. Our results show that the metabolic response involves oxygen consuming pathways as well as other unidentified events that are shown to be insensitive to metabolic inhibitors such as KCN and sodium azide. The metabolic response is strongly dependent on pulsing conditions and is independent of the total permeabilization achieved by the pulse. Evidence shows that calorimetry is a simple and powerful method for exploring conditions for metabolic stimulation, providing information on metabolic responses that can not be obtained from electrical measurements. This study set the basis for further investigations on defense-related consequences of PEF-induced stress.Sparbanksstiftelsen Färs & Frosta (Sweden).Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT).Lund University (Sweden).Department of Cell and Organism Biology; Department of Plant Biochemistry

Conceptual Model of Information Technology Management for Smart Cities: SmarTICity

This article presents a proposal of conceptual model for public administrations that allows analyzing the level of IT management capacity as an enabler of smart cities from a multidimensional and dynamic approach taking into account technological, institutional and innovation aspects. The model includes five domains (e-government strategy, Public Innovation, Data Management, IT Services and Infrastructure) that are described in terms of key domain areas, objectives and questions. The model was conceptually validated with four IT offices in Colombia and a pilot test was developed in the Atlantic department. A profile of information technology management capabilities was obtained from public data of the Ministry of ICT in Colombia. Copyright © 2019, IGI Global.0000-0002-2880-924

Gestión de tecnología de información para gobiernos inteligentes: Un enfoque de arquitectura empresarial

Governments are advancing in the modernization of the public sector through ICT, facilitating the relationship between the state and citizens. Therefore, the need arises to develop business architectures that allow the alignment of institutional objectives and technological infrastructure through the integration of information systems, processes and people. In order to analyze the impact of Enterprise Architectures on Intelligent Government, five indexes E-Government, EParticipation, OpenData, OpenGoverment and Global Innovation are analyzed. © 2017.0000-0002-2880-924

O que sabemos sobre os esteroides sexuais e as gonadotrofinas na reprodução de teleósteos neotropicais?

This review summarises research over the last 10 years regarding sex steroids (17β-estradiol, testosterone, 11 ketotestosterone and 17α, 20β-DHP), gonadotropins (Fsh and Lh), their main regulators (GnRH1-3 and GnIH1-3) and their functions in modulating reproduction. It focuses specifically on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis in model and Neotropical teleosts (Astyanax altiparanae, Steindachneridion parahybae, Salminus hillarii and Centropomus undecimalis). Their regulatory role continues to be a subject of discussion since it varies, depending on multiple characteristics such as the reproductive strategies of the species in question and/or the conditions in which these were maintained during the study period. It has been described that Fsh acts during the early stages of reproduction by stimulating the biosynthesis of estradiol and testosterone which are necessary for gametogenesis, whilst Lh is involved in the reproductive cycle’s final stages (final gamete maturation and spawning). However, Lh occurs throughout the cycle, in parallel with Fsh, in species having asynchronous development and multiple spawning, suggesting the need for both hormones during gametogenesis and final maturation. Recent research regarding species having reproductive migratory behaviour has highlighted a significant decrease in Lh β subunit (LHβ) mRNA expression when individuals are kept in captivity; this may have led to reproductive dysfunction in current culture systems, considered today as being the greatest problem facing contemporary aquaculture. Unfortunately, studying such topics related to South American species is still in its early stages so research must be focused on clarifying native species’ neuroendocrine control of reproduction, especially when these species are kept in captivity.Esta revisión provee un resumen general de las investigaciones realizadas en los últimos 10 años acerca de los esteroides sexuales (17β-Estradiol, Testosterona, 11 Ketotestosterona y 17α, 20β-DHP), las gonadotropinas (Fsh y Lh) y sus principales reguladores (GnRH1-3 y GnIH1-3); y su respectiva función en la modulación de la reproducción. Específicamente sobre el eje Hipotálamo – Pituitaria – Gónada (HPG), en teleósteos modelo y neotropicales (Astyanax altiparanae, Steindachneridion parahybae, Salminus hillarii, Centropomus undecimalis). Mostramos que el papel regulador de éstos continúa siendo tema de discusión, pues varía en función de múltiples características, entre ellas, las estrategiareproductivas de la especie en cuestión y/o las condiciones en las que éstas son mantenidas durante el estudio. Históricamente, se ha descrito que la Fsh actúa en las fases tempranas de la reproducción, estimulando la biosíntesis de estradiol y testosterona necesarios para la gametogénesis; mientras la Lh está implicada en las fases finales del ciclo reproductivo (maduración final de los gametos y desove). Sin embargo, en especies con desarrollo asincrónico y desove múltiple, la Lh se produce durante todo el ciclo en paralelo con la Fsh, sugiriendo la necesidad de ambas hormonas en la gametogénesis y maduración final. Adicionalmente, investigaciones recientes en especies con comportamiento migratorio reproductivo, han evidenciado una disminución significativa en la expresión del ARNm de la subunidad β de Lh (lhb) cuando los individuos son mantenidos en cautiverio, lo que podría ocasionar alguna disfunción reproductiva bajo los actuales sistemas de cultivo, considerado hoy el gran problema de la acuicultura contemporánea. Desafortunadamente, los estudios de estos tópicos en especies suramericanas son aún incipientes, por lo que se hace necesario centrar las investigaciones hacia el esclarecimiento del control neuroendocrino de la reproducción en especies nativas, más aún cuando estas especies son mantenidas en cautiverio.Esta revisão apresenta um resumo geral das pesquisas realizadas nos últimos 10 anos sobre os esteroides sexuais (17β-Estradiol, Testosterona, 11 Ketotestosterona e 17α, 20β-DHP), as gonadotrofinas (Fsh e Lh), seus principais reguladores (GnRH1-3 e GnIH1-3); e sua respetiva função na modulação da reprodução. Especificamente, sobre o eixo Hipotálamo – Pituitária – Gónada (HPG), em teleósteos modelos e neotropicais (Astyanax altiparanae, Steindachneridion parahybae, Salminus hillarii, Centropomus undecimalis). Mostra-se que o papel regulador deles continua sendo assunto de discussão, pois varia em função de múltiplas caraterísticas, por exemplo, as estratégias reprodutivas da espécie mencionada e/ou as condições experimentais. Historicamente, tem sido descrito que a Fsh atua nas fases iniciais da reprodução, estimulando a biossíntese de estradiol e testosterona necessários para a gametogéneses; enquanto a Lh está implicada nas fases finais do ciclo reprodutivo (maduração final das gametas e desova). No entanto, em espécies com desenvolvimento assíncrono e desova múltipla, a Lh é produzida durante o ciclo em paralelo com a Fsh, sugerindo a necessidade de ambos hormônios na gametogénese e a maduração final. Adicionalmente, pesquisas recentes em espécies com comportamento migratório reprodutivo evidenciam uma diminuição significativa na expressão do mRNA da subunidade β da Lh (lhb) quando os indivíduos são mantidos em cativeiro, o que poderia resultar em alguma disfunção reprodutiva sob os atuais sistemas de cultura, sendo considerado hoje o grande problema da aquicultura contemporânea. Desafortunadamente, os estudos desses tópicos em espécies sul-americanas ainda são incipientes, pelo que é necessário concentrar as pesquisas para o esclarecimento do controle neuroendócrino da reprodução em espécies nativas, principalmente quando essas espécies são mantidas em cativeiro

What do we know about sex steroids and gonadotropins regarding Neotropical teleost reproduction?

Esta revisión provee un resumen general de las investigaciones realizadas en los últimos 10 años acerca de los esteroides sexuales (17β-Estradiol, Testosterona, 11 Ketotestosterona y 17α, 20β-DHP), las gonadotropinas (Fsh y Lh) y sus principales reguladores (GnRH1-3 y GnIH1-3); y su respectiva función en la modulación de la reproducción. Específicamente sobre el eje Hipotálamo – Pituitaria – Gónada (HPG), en teleósteos modelo y neotropicales (Astyanax altiparanae, Steindachneridion parahybae, Salminus hillarii, Centropomus undecimalis). Mostramos que el papel regulador de éstos continúa siendo tema de discusión, pues varía en función de múltiples características, entre ellas, las estrategiareproductivas de la especie en cuestión y/o las condiciones en las que éstas son mantenidas durante el estudio. Históricamente, se ha descrito que la Fsh actúa en las fases tempranas de la reproducción, estimulando la biosíntesis de estradiol y testosterona necesarios para la gametogénesis; mientras la Lh está implicada en las fases finales del ciclo reproductivo (maduración final de los gametos y desove). Sin embargo, en especies con desarrollo asincrónico y desove múltiple, la Lh se produce durante todo el ciclo en paralelo con la Fsh, sugiriendo la necesidad de ambas hormonas en la gametogénesis y maduración final. Adicionalmente, investigaciones recientes en especies con comportamiento migratorio reproductivo, han evidenciado una disminución significativa en la expresión del ARNm de la subunidad β de Lh (lhb) cuando los individuos son mantenidos en cautiverio, lo que podría ocasionar alguna disfunción reproductiva bajo los actuales sistemas de cultivo, considerado hoy el gran problema de la acuicultura contemporánea. Desafortunadamente, los estudios de estos tópicos en especies suramericanas son aún incipientes, por lo que se hace necesario centrar las investigaciones hacia el esclarecimiento del control neuroendocrino de la reproducción en especies nativas, más aún cuando estas especies son mantenidas en cautiverio.This review summarises research over the last 10 years regarding sex steroids (17β-estradiol, testosterone, 11 ketotestosterone and 17α, 20β-DHP), gonadotropins (Fsh and Lh), their main regulators (GnRH1-3 and GnIH1-3) and their functions in modulating reproduction. It focuses specifically on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis in model and Neotropical teleosts (Astyanax altiparanae, Steindachneridion parahybae, Salminus hillarii and Centropomus undecimalis). Their regulatory role continues to be a subject of discussion since it varies, depending on multiple characteristics such as the reproductive strategies of the species in question and/or the conditions in which these were maintained during the study period. It has been described that Fsh acts during the early stages of reproduction by stimulating the biosynthesis of estradiol and testosterone which are necessary for gametogenesis, whilst Lh is involved in the reproductive cycle’s final stages (final gamete maturation and spawning). However, Lh occurs throughout the cycle, in parallel with Fsh, in species having asynchronous development and multiple spawning, suggesting the need for both hormones during gametogenesis and final maturation. Recent research regarding species having reproductive migratory behaviour has highlighted a significant decrease in Lh β subunit (LHβ) mRNA expression when individuals are kept in captivity; this may have led to reproductive dysfunction in current culture systems, considered today as being the greatest problem facing contemporary aquaculture. Unfortunately, studying such topics related to South American species is still in its early stages so research must be focused on clarifying native species’ neuroendocrine control of reproduction, especially when these species are kept in captivity