Equilibrio de género en la pequeña empresa familiar : el papel del protocolo

Los (relativos) avances a favor de la paridad de géneros en las empresas cotizadas que se están articulando, en buena medida, como consecuencia de las recomendaciones de soft law y guías de buenas prácticas, no parecen haber influido de igual forma entre las empresas familiares, y -lo que es peor- han calado menos entre las de reducidas dimensiones. En este trabajo se repasa el estado de la cuestión sobre la materia y se proponen vías para la incorporación de recomendaciones y pactos familiares que contribuyan a configurar un perfil de empresa familiar adaptada al siglo XXI, también en términos de igualdad de género

Geographic assignment of seabirds to their origin: combining morphology, genetics and biogeochemical analyses

Longline fisheries, oil spills, and offshore wind farms are some of the major threats increasing seabird mortality at sea, but the impact of these threats on specific populations has been difficult to determine so far. We tested the use of molecular markers, morphometric measures, and stable isotope (δ15N and δ13C) and trace element concentrations in the first primary feather (grown at the end of the breeding period) to assign the geographic origin of Calonectris shearwaters. Overall, we sampled birds from three taxa: 13 Mediterranean Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea diomedea) breeding sites, 10 Atlantic Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea borealis) breeding sites, and one Cape Verde Shearwater (C. edwardsii) breeding site. Assignment rates were investigated at three spatial scales: breeding colony, breeding archipelago, and taxa levels. Genetic analyses based on the mitochondrial control region (198 birds from 21 breeding colonies) correctly assigned 100% of birds to the three main taxa but failed in detecting geographic structuring at lower scales. Discriminant analyses based on trace elements composition achieved the best rate of correct assignment to colony (77.5%). Body measurements or stable isotopes mainly succeeded in assigning individuals among taxa (87.9% and 89.9%, respectively) but failed at the colony level (27.1% and 38.0%, respectively). Combining all three approaches (morphometrics, isotopes, and trace elements on 186 birds from 15 breeding colonies) substantially improved correct classifications (86.0%, 90.7%, and 100% among colonies, archipelagos, and taxa, respectively). Validations using two independent data sets and jackknife cross-validation confirmed the robustness of the combined approach in the colony assignment (62.5%, 58.8%, and 69.8% for each validation test, respectively). A preliminary application of the discriminant model based on stable isotope δ15N and δ13C values and trace elements (219 birds from 17 breeding sites) showed that 41 Cory's Shearwaters caught by western Mediterranean long-liners came mainly from breeding colonies in Menorca (48.8%), Ibiza (14.6%), and Crete (31.7%). Our findings show that combining analyses of trace elements and stable isotopes on feathers can achieve high rates of correct geographic assignment of birds in the marine environment, opening new prospects for the study of seabird mortality at sea

Does video self-analysis influence pre-service language teachers’ position within CLIL settings?

Positioning theory helps to understand pre-service teachers’ performance and their professional identity. In the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach, studying teachers’ praxis from the positioning theory is relevant as integrating language and content is problematic for both in-service and pre-service teachers. Moreover, positioning theory could help teachers understand their teaching position. Video technology, as a valuable tool for teacher training, facilitates teachers’ analysis of their own teaching praxis and more importantly, it can help develop teaching awareness. However, scarce literature is found on how video-analysis from the positioning theory may benefit teachers in CLIL contexts. The objective of this paper is to analyse the influence of self video-analysis on pre-service teachers’ positions within CLIL settings. To conduct this research, pre-service teachers recorded and analysed a simulated CLIL lesson. Interviews were designed and administered to know the influence of video on participating teachers’ positions. Video supported pre-service teachers noticing their praxis and the meaning of CLIL while operating changes on their positions. Knowing the evolution of pre-service teachers’ positioning may contribute to, on the one hand, understanding professional identity and, on the other hand, to implement video-technology actions in pre-service programmes to support pre-service teachers’ noticing.La teoría del posicionamiento ayuda a comprender la actuación del profesorado en ejercicio y su identidad profesional. En AICLE el estudio de la praxis del profesorado desde la teoría del posicionamiento es relevante, ya que la integración de lengua y contenidos resulta problemática. Además, la teoría del posicionamiento podría ayudar a entender la posición docente. La tecnología de vídeo facilita el análisis de la propia praxis docente y, además, puede ayudar a desarrollar la conciencia docente. Sin embargo, es escasa la literatura sobre cómo el videoanálisis desde la teoría del posicionamiento puede beneficiar al profesorado AICLE. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia del autoanálisis de vídeo en las posiciones del profesorado en formación en contextos AICLE. Los participantes grabaron y analizaron una clase simulada en AICLE. Se diseñaron y administraron entrevistas para conocer la influencia del vídeo en sus posiciones. El vídeo les ayudó a entender su praxis y el significado de AICLE, al tiempo que operaba cambios en sus posiciones. Conocer la evolución del posicionamiento del profesorado en formación puede contribuir a conceptualizar la identidad profesional, y a implementar acciones de videotecnología en programas de formación para apoyar la percepción de este profesorado

Segundo ejercicio de las pruebas selectivas para el ingreso en el Cuerpo de Gestión de Hacienda (año 2001) adaptado al PGC 2007

Caso 1. Contabilidad de sociedades. Aplicación del resultado, ampliación de capital, reducción de capital social, contabilidad de un inversor. Caso 2. Contabilidad de sociedades. Aplicación del resultado, ampliación de capital, reducción de capital, contabilidad de una sociedad inversora. Caso 3. Contabilidad financiera. Valoración de existencias, cambio de criterio contable. Caso 4. Contabilidad financiera. Operaciones de cierre de ejercicio, regularización, impuesto sobre beneficios

Elaboración de un producto con base en colorantes naturales para teñir el cabello

Para la elaboración de un producto para teñir el cabello basado en colorantes naturales se hace una selección de colorantes extraídos de la diversidad Colombiana, adicionalmente se realiza un análisis de disponibilidad de los mismos para la viabilidad del proyecto.x, 113 p.Contenido parcial: ¿Qué es un tinte para el cabello? y cómo actúan -- El cabello y la lana -- Colorantes -- Descripción de materiales usados en la elaboración del producto -- Ensayo de colorantes en cabello -- Estabilidad física -- Factibilidad económica

Novel systems to study vector-pathogen interactions in malaria

© 2023 Parres-Mercader, Pance and Gómez-Díaz. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Some parasitic diseases, such as malaria, require two hosts to complete their lifecycle: a human and an insect vector. Although most malaria research has focused on parasite development in the human host, the life cycle within the vector is critical for the propagation of the disease. The mosquito stage of the Plasmodium lifecycle represents a major demographic bottleneck, crucial for transmission blocking strategies. Furthermore, it is in the vector, where sexual recombination occurs generating “de novo” genetic diversity, which can favor the spread of drug resistance and hinder effective vaccine development. However, understanding of vector-parasite interactions is hampered by the lack of experimental systems that mimic the natural environment while allowing to control and standardize the complexity of the interactions. The breakthrough in stem cell technologies has provided new insights into human-pathogen interactions, but these advances have not been translated into insect models. Here, we review in vivo and in vitro systems that have been used so far to study malaria in the mosquito. We also highlight the relevance of single-cell technologies to progress understanding of these interactions with higher resolution and depth. Finally, we emphasize the necessity to develop robust and accessible ex vivo systems (tissues and organs) to enable investigation of the molecular mechanisms of parasite-vector interactions providing new targets for malaria control.Peer reviewe

Increasing applicability of slow light in molecular aggregate nanofilms with two-exciton dynamics

We study the slow-light performance in the presence of exciton – exciton interaction in films of linear molecular aggregates at the nanometer scale. In particular, we consider a four-level model to describe the creation/annihilation of two-exciton states that are relevant for high-intensity fields. Numerical simulations show delays comparable to those obtained for longer propagation distances in other media. Two-exciton dynamics could lead to larger fractional delays, even in presence of disorder, in comparison to the two-level approximation. We conclude that slow-light performance is a robust phenomenon in these systems under the increasing complexity of the two-exciton dynamics

Diversity and structure of feather mite communities on seabirds from the north–east Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea

The richness and structure of symbiont assemblages are shaped by many factors acting at different spatial and temporal scales. Among them, host phylogeny and geographic distance play essential roles. To explore drivers of richness and structure of symbiont assemblages, feather mites and seabirds are an attractive model due to their peculiar traits. Feather mites are permanent ectosymbionts and considered highly host-specific with limited dispersal abilities. Seabirds harbour species-rich feather mite communities and their colonial breeding provides opportunities for symbionts to exploit several host species. To unravel the richness and test the influence of host phylogeny and geographic distance on mite communities, we collected feather mites from 11 seabird species breeding across the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Using morphological criteria, we identified 33 mite species, of which 17 were new or recently described species. Based on community similarity analyses, mite communities were clearly structured by host genera, while the effect of geography within host genera or species was weak and sometimes negligible. We found a weak but significant effect of geographic distance on similarity patterns in mite communities for Cory’s shearwaters Calonectris borealis. Feather mite specificity mainly occurred at the host-genus rather than at host-species level, suggesting that previously inferred host species-specificity may have resulted from poorly sampling closely related host species. Overall, our results show that host phylogeny plays a greater role than geography in determining the composition and structure of mite assemblages and pinpoints the importance of sampling mites from closely-related host species before describing mite specificity patterns.APIF postgraduate project from the University of BarcelonaRomanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS/CCCDI-UEFISCDIproject number PNIII- P1-1.1-PD-2019-0611PNCDI III and by an Institutional Performance Project for Excellence Financing in RDIContract no. 2PFE/2021 for L.M.S. Financial support was also provided by REN2002-01164/GLOCGL2006-01315/BOS, CGL2009-11278/BOS and CGL2013-42585-P from the Spanish GovernmentFondos FEDER and BIOCON04/099 from Fundación Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentari

Trophic Structure in a Seabird Host-Parasite Food Web: Insights from Stable Isotope Analyses

Ecological studies on food webs rarely include parasites, partly due to the complexity and dimensionality of host-parasite interaction networks. Multiple co-occurring parasites can show different feeding strategies and thus lead to complex and cryptic trophic relationships, which are often difficult to disentangle by traditional methods. We analyzed stable isotope ratios of C (13C/12C, δ13C) and N (15N/14N, δ15N) of host and ectoparasite tissues to investigate trophic structure in 4 co-occurring ectoparasites: three lice and one flea species, on two closely related and spatially segregated seabird hosts (Calonectris shearwaters). δ13C isotopic signatures confirmed feathers as the main food resource for the three lice species and blood for the flea species. All ectoparasite species showed a significant enrichment in δ15N relatively to the host tissue consumed (discrimination factors ranged from 2 to 5‰ depending on the species). Isotopic differences were consistent across multiple host-ectoparasite locations, despite of some geographic variability in baseline isotopic levels. Our findings illustrate the influence of both ectoparasite and host trophic ecology in the isotopic structuring of the Calonectris ectoparasite community. This study highlights the potential of stable isotope analyses in disentangling the nature and complexity of trophic relationships in symbiotic systems

Developmental conditions modulate DnA methylation at the glucocorticoid receptor gene with cascading effects on expression and corticosterone levels in zebra finches

Developmental conditions can impact the adult phenotype via epigenetic changes that modulate gene expression. In mammals, methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene Nr3c1 has been implicated as mediator of long-term effects of developmental conditions, but this evidence is limited to humans and rodents, and few studies have simultaneously tested for associations between DNA methylation, gene expression and phenotype. Adverse environmental conditions during early life (large natal brood size) or adulthood (high foraging costs) exert multiple long-term phenotypic effects in zebra finches, and we here test for effects of these manipulations on DNA methylation and expression of the Nr3c1 gene in blood. Having been reared in a large brood induced higher DNA methylation of the Nr3c1 regulatory region in adulthood, and this effect persisted over years. Nr3c1 expression was negatively correlated with methylation at 2 out of 8 CpG sites, and was lower in hard foraging conditions, despite foraging conditions having no effect on Nr3c1 methylation at our target region. Nr3c1 expression also correlated with glucocorticoid traits: higher expression level was associated with lower plasma baseline corticosterone concentrations and enhanced corticosterone reactivity. Our results suggest that methylation of the Nr3c1 regulatory region can contribute to the mechanisms underlying the emergence of long-term effects of developmental conditions in birds, but in our system current adversity dominated over early life experiences with respect to receptor expression.We thank A. Hidalgo, F.M. Miranda and E. Mulder for their assistance and training in the lab; S. Jörg for expertly running the hormone assays; M. Briga for training and assistance with the long-term experiment, and M. Driessen for assistance with sampling. We also thank M. Jordà for assistance with the interpretation of methylation data analysis, and the laboratory of ecophysiology and molecular ecology of the Estación Biológica de Doñana for technical support. This project was funded by an EMBO short-term fellowship grant (nº7178) and a Dr. J. L. Dobberke Foundation grant (n°0205510782), both awarded to B.J., who was further supported by the University of Groningen and the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology. E.G-D was funded by a Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Ramon y Cajal fellowship and by Plan Nacional Grant BFU2015-65000-R.Peer reviewe