Creación de un treebank de dependencias universales mediante recursos existentes para lenguas próximas: el caso del gallego

[Resumen] En este trabajo presentamos una nueva estrategia para crear treebanks de lenguas con pocos recursos para el análisis sintáctico. El método consiste en la adaptación y combinación de diferentes treebanks anotados con dependencias universales de variedades lingüísticas próximas, con el objetivo de entrenar un analizador sintáctico para la lengua elegida, en nuestro caso el gallego. Durante el proceso de selección y adaptación de los treebanks de origen, analizamos el impacto de propiedades de tres niveles diferentes: (i) la distancia entre las lenguas de origen y destino, (ii) la adaptación de características léxico-ortográficas, y (iii) las directrices de anotación entre los treebanks. Usando la estrategia propuesta, entrenamos un analizador sintáctico estadístico para etiquetar, con resultados prometedores y sin datos previos de gallego, un pequeño corpus de esta lengua. La corrección manual de este corpus, usado como gold-standard, nos permitió probar la eficacia del método propuesto.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; FFI2014-51978-C2-1-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad; FJCI-2014-22853Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; FFI2014-51978-C2-2-

New Treebank or Repurposed? On the Feasibility of Cross-Lingual Parsing of Romance Languages with Universal Dependencies

This is the final peer-reviewed manuscript that was accepted for publication in Natural Language Engineering. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document.[Abstract] This paper addresses the feasibility of cross-lingual parsing with Universal Dependencies (UD) between Romance languages, analyzing its performance when compared to the use of manually annotated resources of the target languages. Several experiments take into account factors such as the lexical distance between the source and target varieties, the impact of delexicalization, the combination of different source treebanks or the adaptation of resources to the target language, among others. The results of these evaluations show that the direct application of a parser from one Romance language to another reaches similar labeled attachment score (LAS) values to those obtained with a manual annotation of about 3,000 tokens in the target language, and unlabeled attachment score (UAS) results equivalent to the use of around 7,000 tokens, depending on the case. These numbers can noticeably increase by performing a focused selection of the source treebanks. Furthermore, the removal of the words in the training corpus (delexicalization) is not useful in most cases of cross-lingual parsing of Romance languages. The lessons learned with the performed experiments were used to build a new UD treebank for Galician, with 1,000 sentences manually corrected after an automatic cross-lingual annotation. Several evaluations in this new resource show that a cross-lingual parser built with the best combination and adaptation of the source treebanks performs better (77 percent LAS and 82 percent UAS) than using more than 16,000 (for LAS results) and more than 20,000 (UAS) manually labeled tokens of Galician.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; FJCI-2014-22853Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; FFI2014-51978-C2-1-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad; FFI2014-51978-C2-2-

TBL1 is required for the mesenchymal phenotype of transformed breast cancer cells

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversion (MET) are related to tumor cell dissemination and migration, tumor circulating cell generation, cancer stem cells, chemoresistance, and metastasis formation. To identify chromatin and epigenetic factors possibly involved in the process of EMT, we compare the levels of expression of epigenetic genes in a transformed human breast epithelial cell line (HMEC-RAS) versus a stable clone of the same cell line expressing the EMT master regulator ZEB1 (HMEC-RAS-ZEB1). One of the factors strongly induced in the HMEC-RAS-ZEB1 cells was Transducin beta-like 1 (TBL1), a component of the NCoR complex, which has both corepressor and coactivator activities. We show that TBL1 interacts with ZEB1 and that both factors cooperate to repress the promoter of the epithelial gene E-cadherin (CDH1) and to autoactivate the ZEB1 promoter. Consistent with its central role, TBL1 is required for mesenchymal phenotypes of transformed breast epithelial and breast cancer cell lines of the claudin-low subtype. Importantly, a high expression of the TBL1 gene correlates with poor prognosis and increased proportion of metastasis in breast cancer patients, indicating that the level of TBL1 expression can be used as a prognostic marker.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BFU2014-53543-P, BFU2017-85420-RJunta de Andalucía BIO-32

Optimization of crude oil operations scheduling by applying a two-stage stochastic programming approach with risk management

Producción CientíficaThis paper focuses on the problem of crude oil operations scheduling carried out in a system composed of a refinery and a marine terminal, considering uncertainty in the arrival date of the ships that supply the crudes. To tackle this problem, we develop a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model based on continuous-time representation. Furthermore, we extend the proposed model to include risk management by considering the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) measure as the objective function, and we analyze the solutions obtained for different risk levels. Finally, to evaluate the solution obtained, we calculate the Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI) and the Value of the Stochastic Solution (VSS) to assess whether two-stage stochastic programming model offers any advantage over simpler deterministic approaches.Gobierno de España - proyects a-CIDiT (PID2021-123654OB-C31) and InCo4In (PGC 2018-099312-B-C31)Junta de Castilla y León - EU-FEDER (CLU 2017-09, CL-EI-2021-07, UIC 233

Estudio de la microfiltración: modificación a un método

De los múltiples y sofisticados sistemas de estudio de la microfiltración que existen hoy día, el más utilizado por ser el más accesible es el de la penetración de colorantes. Básicamente consiste en la introducción en los dientes extraídos y restaurados en el colorante por un tiempo determinado, con o sin termociclado previo. El diente se secciona y se observa, valorando según distintas escalas el grado de filtración. Varios son los inconvenientes de este sistema: arbitrariedad en la elección de colorante, en su concentración y tiempo de inmersión, visión bidimensional en cortes no estandarizados, y condiciones no fisiológicas. El método que porponemos en este estudio aporta: - presión intrapulpar simulada constante durante todo el proceso de adhesión y filtración, - desgaste progresivo que permite visualizar toda la interfase, obteniendo así una visión tridimensional, -método sencillo y accesible.// Of the multiple and sophisticated systems for studying microfiltration available today, the most commonly used, due to its being the most accesible is that of dye penetration. This basically consist of the inmersion of the extracted and restored teeth in the dye solution for a fixed amount of time, with or without previous thermocycling. The tooth is sectioned and studied the level of filtration is assessed according to distinct scales. There are several disadvantages to this system namely the arbitrary selection of the dye, its concentration and the duraction of the inmersion, the two-dimensional view of random cuts and the absence of physiological conditions. The method we propose in this study have the following advantages: - constant, simulated intrapulpal pressure during the whole process of adhesion and filtration, - progressive and controlled wear wich would allow the whole interphase to be studied three-dimensionally, - simplicity and accesibility

The abundances and distributions of molluscs in the southern Iberian Peninsula: A comparison of marine and terrestrial systems

Molluscs are the second most diverse of all animal phyla, and occur in many habitat types. They are, therefore, a particularly good phylum with which to compare and contrast differences between ecosystems. Mollusc data from a number of sites along the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula are analysed to study patterns of diversity and distribution using a range of multivariate techniques. Within each site, data are presented from three locations -fully terrestrial, rocky intertidal and soft bottom benthic (10 m and 20 m depths)- all in close proximity. The species are then classified in relation to morphology and size, and analysed at supraspecific levels to elucidate underlying patterns. The observed patterns are briefly discussed, with particular reference to the differential scope and importance of controlling factors in each ecosystem, such as dispersal processes. The results from the systems are compared and discussed in the context of ecological and evolutionary constraints in MolluscaLos moluscos constituyen el segundo filo animal más diverso y se encuentran en muchos tipos de hábitat, por lo que son idóneos para establecer comparaciones entre distintos ecosistemas. Se han analizado los datos de los moluscos obtenidos en una serie de emplazamientos que cubrían el sur de la península Ibérica para determinar, empleando distintas técnicas multivariantes, los patrones de diversidad y distribución de estos organismos. Los datos se tomaron de ejemplares capturados en lugares del medio terrestre próximos a la línea de costa, de la franja intermareal rocosa y de sedimentos de fondos marinos situados a 10 y 20 m de profundidad. Las especies fueron clasificadas atendiendo a la morfología y el tamaño, y se analizaron a nivel supraespecífico para elucidar los patrones generales, que se discuten aquí, brevemente, con especial énfasis en las diferencias según la importancia de los factores que controlan cada ecosistema, como, por ejemplo, los procesos de dispersión. Los resultados de los distintos sistemas se comparan y discuten en el contexto de las tendencias ecológicas y evolutivas de los molusco

O direito fundamental à saúde e a politica de acesso ao sistema uma mirada desde a Lei Estatutária 1751 do ano 2015

The Congress of the Republic, in 2015, promulgated the Statutory Law 1751, by means of which the fundamental right to health is enshrined, giving guidelines to the Ministry of Health and Social Protection to make significant reforms to the general social security system in health. These include the elimination of the difference between the Compulsory Health Plan (POS), both contributory and subsidized, and the creation of a National Pharmacological Policy, generating concerns about possible disturbances regarding access to medication and the health system. This paper investigates the normative background of this law, as well as the most relevant concepts of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, embodied in some of its judgments, highlighting the T-760 of 2008, which is the central axis of the consecration of health as an autonomous fundamental right. All the above seeks to answer the question whether it really was necessary for Congress to issue a Statutory Law proclaiming the fundamental right to health.El Congreso de la República, en el año 2015, promulgó la Ley Estatutaria 1751, por medio de la cual se consagra el derecho fundamental a la salud, dando lineamientos al Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social para realizar reformas significativas al sistema general de seguridad social en salud. Entre ellas se destacan la eliminación de la diferencia entre el Plan Obligatorio de Salud (POS), tanto contributivo como subsidiado, y la creación de una política nacional farmacológica, generando preocupaciones por posibles perturbaciones respecto al acceso a la medicación y al sistema de salud. Este trabajo indaga por los antecedentes normativos de dicha ley, al igual que por los conceptos más relevantes de la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional, plasmados en algunas de sus sentencias, resaltando la T-760 del 2008, la cual es el eje central de la consagración de la salud como un derecho fundamental autónomo. Todo lo anterior busca responder a la pregunta de si realmente era necesario que el Congreso expidiera una Ley Estatutaria proclamando el derecho fundamental a la salud.Le Congrès de la République, dans l'année 2015, a promulgué la Loi Statutaire 1751, qui consacre le droit fondamental á la santé, en donnant directives á Ministère de la Santé et protection social pour faire réformes significatifs à système général de la sécurité sociale dans santé. Entre elles excellent l'élimination de la différence entre le Plan Obligatoire de la Santé (POS), tellement contributif comme subventionné, et la création d'une politique Nationale pharmacologique, en générant Préoccupations pour possibles perturbations pour l'accès á médication et á système de la santé. Cette travaille renseigne pour les antécédents normatifs de cette loi, même que pour les concepts plus importants de la Jurisprudence du Cour Constitutionnelle, stipulé dans quelque de ses sentences, en soulignant la T-760 du 2008, qui est l'axe principal de la consécration de la santé comme un droit fondamental autonome. Ce qui précède cherche répondre la question si vraiment il a été nécessaire que le Congrès émît une loi Statutaire en proclamant le droit fondamentale á la santé.O Congresso da República no ano 2015 promulgou a Lei Estatutária 1751, por médio da qual se consagra o direito fundamental à saúde, dando alinhamentos, ao Ministério de Saúde e Protecção Social para realizar reformas significativas ao sistema geral de segurança social em saúde dentro das quais se destacam a eliminação da diferença entre o Plano Obrigatório de Saúde (POS) tanto contributivo como subsidiado bem como a criação de uma política Nacional Farmacológica, entre outras disposições, gerando preocupação por possíveis perturbações respeito do acesso a uma à medicação e o sistema de saúde. Este trabalho indaga pelos antecedentes normativos de dita Lei, ao igual que os conceitos mais relevantes da jurisprudência do Corte Constitucional plasmadas em algumas de suas sentenças, realçando sentencia-a T-760 do 2008 a qual é o eixo central da consagração da saúde como um direito fundamental autónomo tudo isto procurando responder à pergunta de se realmente era necessário que o Congresso emitisse uma Leis Estatutária proclamando o direito fundamental à saúde

Deporte en el éter: las emisiones deportivas de Radio Nacional de España en los inicios del franquismo

Esta investigación analiza -a partir de diferentes tipos de documentación- los rastros de las emisiones deportivas de Radio Nacional de España durante el primer franquismo. Se identifican las guías de actuación que siguió Radio Nacional de España en sus emisiones deportivas como voz oficial del Estado durante el primer franquismo. En el análisis de esta documentación se advierten los propósitos de los dirigentes, los problemas a los que el ente estatal de radio tuvo que hace frente y -se apuntan- los objetivos de estas emisiones. Las conclusiones señalan dos niveles en las emisiones deportivas de Radio Nacional de España. Por un lado, su rol de catalizador de los anhelos ideológicos y políticos de la dictadura y, por otro lado, canalizar una vía de entretenimiento y ocio para las clases populares durante este periodo

Monitoring of marine benthic communities and taxonomic resolution: an approach through diverse habitats and substrates along the Southern Iberian coastline

Studies conducted along the southern Iberian coastline validate macrobenthic community analyses at taxonomic levels higher than that of species. Twelve studies on littoral benthic communities, carried out by the same research team, were selected spanning both a variety of sampling strategies (spatial, temporal, spatiotemporal) and substrate/habitat types (sediment, rock, algae). In order to establish differences between the results obtained at the taxonomic levels of species, family and order, similarities among stations were calculated using Spearman’s coefficient for ranges. A subset of three studies was selected to investigate possible differences in ‘best-explaining’ environmental variables with taxonomic level. The environmental variables selected at species level were the same as those found at levels of family and order. It is concluded that studies at the different levels of taxonomic resolution (species, family, order) lead to similar results both with regard to relative community distributions and the environmental variables associated with these. The importance of this result for monitoring similar benthic communities is discussed