Composición que comprende un compuesto fotoactivo y un coiniciador y su uso como fotoiniciador

Solicitud de patente (concesión en curso).-- Referencia OEPM: P200502910.-- Fecha de presentación: 24/11/2005.-- Solicitante: Exotech, S.L. (Alboraia, Valencia).La presente invención se refiere a una composición química caracterizada porque comprende al menos: i) un primer componente que es al menos un compuesto fotoactivo seleccionado entre una sal de pirilio, una sal de tiopirilio, una sal de selenopirilio, una sal de teluropirilio, y una sal de las anteriores sustituida, y ii) un segundo componente que es al menos un coiniciador seleccionado entre uno o varios de los siguientes: a) aminas, b) sales de iodonio, c) sales de fosfonio, d) sales de sulfonio, e) sales de amonio cuaternario, f) poliéteres cíclicos, g) poliaminas cíclicas y, h) combinaciones de los mismos, y a su uso como fotoiniciadores.Peer reviewe

Armor Porosity and Hydraulic Stability of Mound Breakwaters

Armor porosity significantly affects construction costs and hydraulic stability of mound breakwaters; however, most hydraulic stability formulas do not include armor porosity or packing density as an explicative variable. 2D hydraulic stability tests of conventional randomly-placed double-layer cube armors with different armor porosities are analyzed. The stability number showed a significant 1.2-power relationship with the packing density, similar to what has been found in the literature for other armor units; thus, the higher the porosity, the lower the hydraulic stability. To avoid uncontrolled model effects, the packing density should be routinely measured and reported in small-scale tests and monitored at prototype scale.The authors are grateful for financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and FEDER (Grant BIA2012-33967) and CDTI (CUBIPOD and CLIOMAR Projects). The second author was funded through the FPU program (Formación del Profesorado Universitario, Grant AP2010-4366) by the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte

IDENTIFICATION OF SAFETY ALERT BY MONITORING ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS AND HIGH-RISK DRUGS

Early detection of  adverse  drug  reactions  (ADR) increases patient  safety.  Our  objective  was  to  identify  ADR  by  monitoring laboratory  parameters  and  high-risk  drugs.  We  carried  out  a two-month  prospective  observational  study  in  a  Internal Medicine  Department,  with  daily  recording  of  drugs  prescribed and  the  following  parameters:  Na,  K,  Ca,  serum  creatinine, glomerular  filtration  rate  (GFR),  INR,  glucose,  haemoglobin, platelets,  ALT,  AST,  bilirubin,  GGT,  alkaline  phosphatase,  TSH, T4,  and  blood  digoxin.  High-risk  drugs  were  closely  monitored. 52  patients  included,  of  whom  46.2%  experienced  an  ADR.  We observed  an  association  with  drugs  in  25.5%,  as  follows: reduction  in  GFR,  26.9%  (associated  with  loop  diuretics [41.7%],  angiotensin-converting  enzyme  [ACE]  inhibitors [33.3%],  angiotensin  II  receptor  blockers  [ARB]  [16.6%],  andanti-diabetic  drugs  [8.3%]);  hypokalemia,  22.3%  (associated with  loop  diuretics  [50.0%],  potassium-free  fluid  [37.5%],  and salbutamol  [12.5%]);  hyperkalemia,  14.4%  (associated  with ACE  inhibitors  [60.0%]  and  ARB  [40.0%]);  INR  out  of  range, 10.8%  (associated  with  drug  interactions  [66.7%]); hyperglycemia,  8.1%  (associated  with  corticosteroids  [66.7%] and  anti-diabetic  drugs  [33.3%]);  and  other  conditions,  18.8%. We  conclued  that  patient  safety  could  be  improved  by implementing  warnings  in  electronic  prescriptions  in  cases  of  a decrease  in  GFR  or  modification  of  potassium  levels  in  patients who are prescribed loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or ARBs.Key words:   Adverse drug reaction,  clinical decision support,  high-risk drug, safety

Procedural Rights of Foreign Children: Validating its implementation in criminal justice

Since the year 2000, the European Council adopted a programme of measures to enhance the protection of individual rights. Spain has transposed three of these measures Directive 2010/64/EU on the right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings, Directive 2012/13/EU on the right to information in criminal proceedings and Directive 2013/48/EU on the right of access to a lawyer in criminal proceedings and in European arrest warrant proceedings, and on the right to have a third party informed upon deprivation of liberty and to communicate with third persons and with consular authorities while deprived of liberty. In order to determine how these rights are being implemented, a comparative research was developed in 5 EU Member States with a common research methodology. Findings from the Spanish research were presented in this paper.A partir del año 2000 el Consejo de la Unión Europea puso en marcha un plan de trabajo para reforzar los derechos procesales en los procedimientos penales dentro de la Unión Europea. Tres de estas medidas, la Directiva 2010/64/UE relativa al derecho a interpretación y a traducción en los procesos penales, de la Directiva 2012/13/UE relativa al derecho a la información en los procesos penales y de la Directiva 2013/48/UE sobre el derecho a la asistencia de letrado en los procesos penales y en los procedimientos relativos a la orden de detención europea, y sobre el derecho a que se informe a un tercero en el momento de la privación de libertad y a comunicarse con terceros y con autoridades consulares durante la privación de libertad, se han traspuesto ya al ordenamiento jurídico español, a través de dos reformas de la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal y han empezado ya a aplicarse. Con el objetivo de conocer cuál es el grado de implementación de estas directivas en relación con el colectivo de los menores extranjeros, se ha desarrollado una investigación comparada entre cinco países que, empleando una metodología de investigación común, han tratado de identificar cómo se ha realizado la transposición de la normativa europea en cada país y cómo se está aplicando. Los principales resultados de la investigación realizada en España se presentan en este trabajo

Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Urine Cultures

Objective: Determine the evolution of antibiotic resistance of symptomatic bacteriuria caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) in Granada. Material and method: A descriptive retrospective study was carried out, including antibiograms of urine cultures in which microorganisms identified as E. coli and K. pneumoniae, were isolated in the Microbiology laboratory of the Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves (Granada, Spain) between January 2016 and June 2021. Results: E. coli was the most frequent isolate (10,048) and its resistance to ampicillin (59.45%) and ticarcillin (59.59%), and the increase to cefepime (15.07%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (17.67%) is noteworthy. K. pneumoniae (2222) is notable for resistance to Fosfomycin (27.91%) and an increase to ciprofloxacin (37.79%) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (36.63%). Resistance is generally higher in hospitalized patients, males, and adults. Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance to the studied Enterobacteriaceae is on the rise, requiring empirical treatment targeted to the population area

Pharmacological Interactions of Nintedanib and Pirfenidone in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic

The discovery of antifibrotic agents have resulted in advances in the therapeutic management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Currently, nintedanib and pirfenidone have become the basis of IPF therapy based on the results of large randomized clinical trials showing their safety and efficacy in reducing disease advancement. However, the goal of completely halting disease progress has not been reached yet. Administering nintedanib with add-on pirfenidone is supposed to enhance the therapeutic benefit by simultaneously acting on two different pathogenic pathways. All this becomes more important in the context of the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because of the fibrotic consequences following SARS-CoV-2 infection in some patients. However, little information is available about their drug-drug interaction, which is important mainly in polymedicated patients. The aim of this review is to describe the current management of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (PF-ILDs) in general and of IPF in particular, focusing on the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between these two drugs and their relationship with other medications in patients with IPF

Shigellosis attended in the emergency department of a regional hospital in southeastern Spain: from their presence to multiresistance

Introducción. En la etiología bacteriana de la diarrea infecciosa aguda grave, exceptuando la causada por Clostridioides difficile, la mayor parte presentan un carácter invasor y el tratamiento antibiótico será preciso en situaciones concretas. Shigella es un patógeno clásico, en el que es crucial conocer la sensibilidad a distintos antimicrobianos clásicos y alternativos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la presencia de shigelosis y la tasa de resistencia a los antibióticos. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-retrospectivo de los informes de shigelosis de los coprocultivos emitidos entre enero de 2016 y abril de 2022. Resultados. Se observó un total de 34 episodios (16 -47,1%- por Shigella sonnei), a partir del 2018. Sólo hubo 2 casos pediátricos. La tasa de resistencia global a azitromicina, trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol y ciprofloxacino fue de 52,9%, 64,7% y 44,1%, respectivamente. El 26,5% fueron resistentes a los 3 grupos de antibióticos. Hubo mayor tasa de resistencia por S. sonnei. Destaca la aparición de resistencia a cefalosporinas en los últimos años. Los episodios de shigelosis multirresistente se detectaron entre 2020 (1 por S. flexneri) y 2022 (4 por S. sonnei). Conclusiones. Los episodios de shigelosis importada están emergiendo en nuestro medio con una mayor tasa de multirresistencia. En este contexto, los tratamientos empíricos actuales para las enteritis agudas enteroinvasivas corren el riesgo de fracasar, en caso de ser necesarios.Introduction. In the bacterial etiology of severe acute infectious diarrhea, except that caused by Clostridioides difficile, most of them have an invasive character and antibiotic treatment will be necessary in specific situations. Shigella is a classic pathogen, in which it is crucial to know the sensitivity to different classic and alternative antimicrobials. The objective of this work was to analyze the presence of shigellosis and the rate of antibiotic resistance. Methods. A descriptive-retrospective study of the reports of shigellosis of stool cultures issued between January 2016 and April 2022 was conducted. Results. A total of 34 episodes (16 -47.1%- by Shigella sonnei) were observed, as of 2018. There were only 2 pediatric cases. The overall resistance rate to azithromycin, trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin was 52.9%, 64.7% and 44.1%, respectively. 26.5% were resistant to the 3 groups of antibiotics. There was a higher rate of resistance for S. sonnei. The emergence of resistance to cephalosporins in recent years stands out. Episodes of multidrug-resistant shigellosis were detected between 2020 (1 by S. flexneri) and 2022 (4 by S. sonnei). Conclusions. The episodes of shigellosis are emerging in our environment with a higher rate of multi-resistance. In this context, current empirical treatments for acute enteroinvasive enteritis are at risk of failure, if necessary

Nanostructured antimicrobial peptides : The last push towards clinics

Altres ajuts: to EU COST Action CA 17140 and ICREA ACADEMIA awardPeptide drugs hold great potential for the treatment of infectious diseases due to their unconventional mechanisms of action, biocompatibility, biodegradability and ease of synthesis and modification. The increasing rising of bacterial strains resistant to classical antibiotics have pushed the development of new peptide-based antimicrobial therapies. In this context, over the past few years, different approaches have reached a clinical approval. Furthermore, the application of nanotechnological principles to the design of antimicrobial peptide-based composites increases even more the already known benefits of antimicrobial peptides as competent protein drugs. Then, we provide here an overview of the current strategies for antimicrobial peptide discovery and modification and the status of such peptides already under clinical development. In addition, we summarize the innovative formulation strategies for their application, focusing on the controlled self-assembly for the fabrication of antimicrobial nanostructures without the assistance of external nanocarriers, and with emphasis on bioengineering, design of ultra-short peptides and rising insights in bacterial selectivity

Aprendizaje-Servicio para trasladar los resultados desarrollo sostenible: del laboratorio a la sociedad

El objetivo general planteado en este proyecto ha sido comunicar y concienciar a los estudiantes de secundaria y bachillerato sobre la necesidad de un desarrollo sostenible, con el fin de que sean capaces de comprender e identificar las problemáticas asociadas a los objetivos planteados en la Agenda 2030 y asociarlas con actividades propias de la vida cotidiana. De esta manera, los alumnos podrán adquirir herramientas de gran utilidad para el desarrollo de su futura vida personal y profesional. Para lograr dichos objetivos se han llevado a cabo una serie de actividades (charlas de divulgación científica, debates, uso de la aplicación Kahoot) en diferentes centros educativos no universitarios, en concreto, en tres institutos de educación secundaria y bachillerato (IES) y en un centro de educación de personas adultas (CEPA). Los temas tratados se encuadran dentro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la Agenda 2030, concretamente los ODS 2, 3 y 12