¿Existen diferencias en rechazo escolar según los niveles de ansiedad escolar?

School anxiety is defined as a set of cognitive, psychophysiological and motor responses that a child emits in school situations that are threatening and / or ambiguous. The association that can occur between this behavior and other psychoeducational variables such as school refusal, makes it one of the most influential factors in the adjustment of children to the educational context. The purpose of this study was to check if there were differences in the level of manifestation of the different types of school rejection according to the level of school anxiety in primary school students. To carry out this study, a sample of 525 students with ages ranging from 8 to 12 years old (second and third cycle of Primary Education) was selected. Participants completed the School Anxiety Inventory for Primary Education (IAEP) and the Spanish version of the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised for Children (SRAS-R / C). Students in the group of high levels of school anxiety scored significantly higher than students with low levels of school anxiety in the first three factors of SARS-R / C: School rejection to avoid negative emotions, School refusal to escape aversive social situations and school rejection to attract attention. On the contrary, these results were different from those obtained for the fourth factor of the SARAS-R / C (Rejection to obtain tangible rewards outside the school), because no statistically significant differences were found between the groups with high and low anxiety. school. The results indicate that, in the Primary Education stage, school anxiety is associated with higher levels of school refusal. However, not all students who refuse to attend school show school anxiety, as demonstrated by the absence of statistically significant differences in the fourth factor of the SARS-C / R.La ansiedad escolar se define como un conjunto de respuestas cognitivas, psicofisiológicas y motoras que un niño emite ante situaciones escolares que le resultan amenazantes y/o ambiguas. La asociación que puede darse entre esta conducta y otras variables psicoeducativas como el rechazo escolar, la convierte en uno de los factores más influyentes en el ajuste de los niños y niñas al contexto educativo. El propósito de este estudio fue comprobar si existían diferencias en el nivel de manifestación de los distintos tipos de rechazo escolar según el nivel de ansiedad escolar en alumnos de Educación Primaria. Para realizar este estudio se seleccionó una muestra de 525 alumnos y alumnas con edades que oscilaban entre los 8 y 12 años (segundo y tercer ciclo de Educación Primaria). Los participantes completaron el Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar para Educación Primaria (IAEP) y la versión española del School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised for Children (SRAS-R/C). Los alumnos encuadrados en el grupo de altos niveles de ansiedad escolar, puntuaron significativamente más alto que los alumnos con bajos niveles de ansiedad escolar en los tres primeros factores del SRAS-R/C: Rechazo escolar para evitar emociones negativas, Rechazo escolar para escapar de situaciones sociales aversivas y Rechazo escolar para llamar la atención. Por el contrario, estos resultados fueron distintos a los obtenidos para el cuarto factor del SRAS-R/C (Rechazo para obtener recompensas tangibles fuera de la escuela), debido a que no se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos con alta y baja ansiedad escolar. Los resultados indican  que, en la etapa de Educación Primaria, la ansiedad escolar está asociada a mayores niveles de rechazo escolar. Sin embargo, no todos los alumnos que rechazan asistir al colegio manifiestan ansiedad escolar, tal y como demuestra la ausencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el cuarto factor del SRAS-C/R

Ansiedad escolar infantojuvenil: una revisión de autoinformes

School anxiety is a set of cognitive, motor and psychophysiological responses emitted by a person in school situations that are perceived as a threat. The research objectives of this study were two. The first one was to describe school anxiety self-reports that have been elaborated and/or validated between 2005 and 2015: School Anxiety Inventory, School Anxiety Inventory-Short Version, Children’s Anxiety in Math Scale, and Test Anxiety Inventory for Children and Adolescents. The second aim was to analyze the reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) and validity (factorial structure) of the inventories and the scale mentioned above. Results suggest that the psychometric properties of these instruments are suitable. Therefore, these can be used by clinical and educational professionals to assess the school anxiety of children and adolescents.La ansiedad escolar es el conjunto de reacciones cognitivas, motoras y psicofisiolóficas emitidas por una persona ante situaciones del ámbito escolar que son percibidas como una amenaza. Los objetivos de investigación de este trabajo fueron dos. El primero de ellos fue describir los autoinformes de ansiedad escolar que han sido elaborados y/o validados entre el año 2005 y el 2015: Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar, School Anxiety Inventory-Short Version, Children’s Anxiety in Math Scale y Test Anxiety Inventory for Children and Adolescents. El segundo propósito consistió en analizar la fiabilidad (consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal) y validez (estructura factorial) de los inventarios y de la escala mencionados antes. Los resultados sugieren que las propiedades psicométricas de estos instrumentos son adecuadas. Por tanto, pueden ser usados por profesionales clínicos y educativos para evaluar la ansiedad escolar de niños y adolescentes

Vaccinated Patients Admitted in ICU with Severe Pneumonia Due to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Pilot Study

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the percentage of patients admitted to the ICU having received the vaccine against COVID-19, to describe the clinical profile of vaccinated patients admitted to the ICU, and to assess the humoral immune response to vaccination. Methods: In this multicenter prospective descriptive cohort study, consecutive critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia who received at least one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were included. The time of study was from 1 July to 10 August of 2021. Results: Of the 94 consecutive patients from seven Andalusian ICUs admitted during the time of study, 50 (53.2%) received at least one dose of anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. No patient was admitted having previously had SARS-CoV-2 infection. The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant was the most frequently identified, in 80.76% of cases. Patients with a complete vaccination with non-optimal antibody levels were immunocompromised. Fifteen patients were admitted to the ICU with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) without having completed their vaccination; the clinical profile was younger and with less comorbidities compared to patients with full vaccination. There were no differences in severity of ARDS. Conclusions: Most of the patients who were admitted to the ICU having received a dose of the vaccine were not optimally vaccinated; fully vaccinated patients who did not obtain optimal serum antibody levels were patients considered immunocompromise

Geodivulgar: Geología y Sociedad

Con el lema “Geología para todos” el proyecto Geodivulgar: Geología y Sociedad apuesta por la divulgación de la Geología a todo tipo de público, incidiendo en la importancia de realizar simultáneamente una acción de integración social entre estudiantes y profesores de centros universitarios, de enseñanza infantil, primaria, de educación especial y un acercamiento con público con diversidad funcional

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Pasados y presente. Estudios para el profesor Ricardo García Cárcel

Ricardo García Cárcel (Requena, 1948) estudió Historia en Valencia bajo el magisterio de Joan Reglà, con quien formó parte del primer profesorado de historia moderna en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. En esta universidad, desde hace prácticamente cincuenta años, ha desarrollado una extraordinaria labor docente y de investigación marcada por un sagaz instinto histórico, que le ha convertido en pionero de casi todo lo que ha estudiado: las Germanías, la historia de la Cataluña moderna, la Inquisición, las culturas del Siglo de Oro, la Leyenda Negra, Felipe II, Felipe V, Austrias y Borbones, la guerra de la Independencia, la historia cultural, los mitos de la historia de España... Muy pocos tienen su capacidad para reflexionar, ordenar, analizar, conceptualizar y proponer una visión amplia y llena de matices sobre el pasado y las interpretaciones historiográficas. A su laboriosidad inimitable se añade una dedicación sin límites en el asesoramiento de alumnos e investigadores e impulsando revistas, dosieres, seminarios o publicaciones colectivas. Una mínima correspondencia a su generosidad lo constituye este volumen a manera de ineludible agradecimiento

Creativity and Innovation Skills in University STEM Education: The CHET Project Approach

Creativity and innovation are crucial skills to face challenges in economy, environment and social context today, especially next decade with 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by all United Nations Member States. European Higher Education System considers STEM studies play a key role to lead the global labor market and address our economic system towards more sustainability and equality model. Innovative educational projects developed at the Universidad Politécinca de Madrid have identified lack of students skills in creativity and innovation to apply challenge based-learning and others methodologies in classrooms. Hovewer Higher Education institutions need a whole approach to include creativity in university curricula (graduate and postgraduate programs), at the same time, professors claim support to embebed innovative methodologies in their subjects. CHET Project is designed as a solid strategy aimed at developing an innovative process to modernization of Higher Education System in Europe. Step by step, the project begins by defining the learning environment, then developing creativity techniques and tools, and finally validating methodologies and processes. All this supported by free access online platform

CAPPRIC Study—Characterization of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Spanish Adults Managed in Primary Care Settings

The real burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in non-hospitalized patients is largely unknown. This is a 3-year prospective, observational study of ambulatory CAP in adults, conducted in 24 Spanish primary care centers between 2016–2019. Sociodemographic and clinical variables of patients with radiographically confirmed CAP were collected. Pneumococcal etiology was assessed using the Binax Now® test. Patients were followed up for 10 ± 3 days. A total of 456 CAP patients were included in the study. Mean age was 56.6 (±17.5) years, 53.5% were female, and 53.9% had ≥1 comorbidity. Average incidence of CAP was 1.2–3.5 cases per 1000 persons per year. Eighteen patients (3.9%) were classified as pneumococcal CAP. Cough was present in 88.1% of patients at diagnosis and fever in 70.8%. Increased pulmonary density (63.3%) and alveolar infiltrates with air bronchogram (16.6%) were the most common radiographic findings. After 14.6 ± 6.0 days (95% CI = 13.9–15.3), 65.4% of patients had recovered. Hospitalization rate was 2.8%. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were quinolones (58.7%) and β-lactams (31.1%). In conclusion, one-third of CAP patients did not fully recover after two weeks of empiric antibiotic therapy and 2.8% required hospitalization, highlighting the significant burden associated with non-hospitalized CAP in Spain