Electrical model for characterizing CVD graphene

Due to its extremely small thickness (0.35 nm), graphene is an intrinsic 2D nanomaterial. As in many other nanomaterials, its unique properties are derived from its exceptional dimensions. One of these properties is its linear dispersion equation that implies charge carriers with extraordinary high mobility. Therefore, the electronic properties of the material can lead to a big improvement in the performance of known electronic devices, or even result in novel devices for a post-silicon era

Method for electrical evaluation of graphene using a GFET structure

n this work, we explain a method to characterize graphene using electrical measurements in graphene field-effect transistors (GFET) devices. Our goal is to obtain the material electronic properties from the output characteristics of one GFET device. For the previous purpose, we will need to apply a physical model that allows us to correlate the electronic behavior of a GFET with the material properties

Infraestructura de comunicación e interacción para el sector turístico

Vivimos en un mundo totalmente señalizado y marcado por el uso de las tecnologías móviles, donde el sector turístico se aventaja de múltiples avances como la conexión a Internet, la Nube, la geolocalización, la señalización inteligente y diversos métodos publicitarios que atraen a los viajeros. Todos estos servicios tratan de ofrecer una mejor experiencia al turista, ahorrándole una gran carga de trabajo a la hora de decidir qué tipo de actividades realizar, dónde alojarse o en qué restaurantes merece la pena comer, además de proporcionar información sobre los puntos de interés más comunes de la zona turística. Con todo esto, el viajante tiene un amplio abanico de posibilidades a la hora de planear un viaje. Escogerá un hotel donde hospedarse y en unos días habrá vivido una experiencia inolvidable. Sin embargo, hay un factor poco desarrollado en el mundo del turismo: un sistema de comunicación transparente que permita a la persona interactuar con el proveedor de los servicios a los que se ha suscrito. En este Trabajo de Fin de Grado, se ha realizado una colaboración con la empresa turística Sismotur, propulsora de un nuevo sistema de información turística digital por medio del uso de señalización inteligente, llamado Inventrip, que se apoya en tecnologías novedosas como beacons basados en Bluetooth que han sido usadas por compañías como Google y Apple. El proyecto abarca la realización de un chat para Inventrip, cubriendo diversos casos de uso concretos y útiles tanto para el turista en su aplicación móvil como para el usuario administrador, ya sea la recepción de un hotel o un guía turístico

Análisis del funcionamiento de un generador de Silicio Cristalino de 7kW tras 16 años de operación en Madrid

Este artículo presenta la degradación observada en un generador de x-Si 7 kW de potencia tras 16 años de exposición en la terraza del Instituto de Energía Solar de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. La caída de la potencia pico ha sido del 9% durante dicho periodo o, lo que es equivalente, una degradación anual del 0,56%; mientras que la desviación típica se ha mantenido básicamente constante. Los principales defectos visuales observados han sido delaminaciones en la superficie PET/PVF de la cara posterior de los módulos y roturas en las cajas de conexión y en la unión entre marco y vidrio. Todos los módulos analizados han pasado con suficiencia las pruebas de aislamiento eléctrico dispuestas en la norma IEC 61215, tanto en seco como en mojado

First helminthological data on the Iberian adder, Vipera seoanei.

The helminth fauna present in the gut contents of Iberian adders, Vipera seoanei (Squamata: Viperidae), were characterised and analysed in respect to biological and eco-geographic factors that may affect the occurrence and diversity of helminths in this species. A total of 317 samples of preserved stomachs and intestines, covering the distributional range of V. seoanei, were examined. Similar to other Vipera species from the Iberian Peninsula, the helminth fauna was also impoverished in V. seoanei, but unlike other Vipera species from Central and East Europe, helminths were mostly found in adult vipers, and occurred in vipers located at the periphery of the species range, characterised by low elevation, high temperature and precipitation levels, and abundant pastures

Connection system for small and medium-size wind generators through the integration in an MMC and NLC modulation

Producción CientíficaThis paper presents a new way of organizing a wind farm with a large number of small to medium-sized turbines. Each wind generator has been included in a switching module of a modular multilevel converter (MMC), which generates the output voltage by near level control (NLC). The proposed topology reduces the number of semiconductors required, switching losses, and voltage filtering requirements. This topology replaces the usual configuration where each wind turbine is connected to a three-phase two-level back-to-back converter plus a filter and then connected in parallel with the other wind generators. To test the topology and its control performance, a case has been developed and simulated for generator configurations producing the same power, for generation imbalances between phases and for imbalances between arms. The analysis of the data shows that the converter works correctly and that it can deliver power to the grid in a balanced way even if the generation has imbalances. The generation imbalances between phases are compensated through the average value of the circulating current, while the imbalances between arms are compensated through the 50 Hz circulating current

Performance analysis of a 7-kW crystalline silicon generator after 17 years of operation in Madrid

The degradation observed on a 7-kWp Si-x photovoltaic array after 17 years of exposure on the roof of the Solar Energy Institute of the Polytechnic University of Madrid is presented. The mean peak power degradation has been 9% over this time, or an equivalent to 0.53% per year, whereas peak power standard deviation has remained constant. The main visual defects are backsheet delamination at the polyester/polyvinyl fluoride outer interface and cracks in the terminal boxes and at the joint between the frame and the laminate. Insulation resistance complies well with the requirements of the International Electrotechnical Commission 61215 tests

Análisis del funcionamiento de un generador fotovoltaico de silicio cristalino de 7 kW tras 16 años de operación en Madrid

Este artículo presenta la degradación observada en un generador de x-Si 7 kW de potencia tras 16 años de exposición en la terraza del Instituto de Energía Solar de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. La caída de la potencia pico ha sido del 9% durante dicho periodo o, lo que es equivalente, una degradación anual del 0,56%; mientras que la desviación típica se ha mantenido básicamente constante. Los principales defectos visuales observados han sido delaminaciones en la superficie PET/PVF de la cara posterior de los módulos y roturas en las cajas de conexión y en la unión entre marco y vidrio. Todos los módulos analizados han pasado con suficiencia las pruebas de aislamiento eléctrico dispuestas en la norma IEC 61215, tanto en seco como en mojado

Stability and Thermal Properties Study of Metal Chalcogenide-Based Nanofluids for Concentrating Solar Power

Nanofluids are colloidal suspensions of nanomaterials in a fluid which exhibit enhanced thermophysical properties compared to conventional fluids. The addition of nanomaterials to a fluid can increase the thermal conductivity, isobaric-specific heat, diffusivity, and the convective heat transfer coefficient of the original fluid. For this reason, nanofluids have been studied over the last decades in many fields such as biomedicine, industrial cooling, nuclear reactors, and also in solar thermal applications. In this paper, we report the preparation and characterization of nanofluids based on one-dimensional MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets to improve the thermal properties of the heat transfer fluid currently used in concentrating solar plants (CSP). A comparative study of both types of nanofluids was performed for explaining the influence of nanostructure morphologies on nanofluid stability and thermal properties. The nanofluids prepared in this work present a high stability over time and thermal conductivity enhancements of up to 46% for MoS2-based nanofluid and up to 35% for WS2-based nanofluid. These results led to an increase in the efficiency of the solar collectors of 21.3% and 16.8% when the nanofluids based on MoS2 nanowires or WS2 nanosheets were used instead of the typical thermal oil

Graphene for energy storage

Due to its excellent mechanical, termal, optical and electrical properties, graphene has recently attracted increasing attention. It provides a huge surface area (2630m2 g-1) and high electrical conductivity, making it an attractive material for applications in energy-storage systems