Guía de Actuación de un Ingeniero Forense en el Ámbito de Fallos de Materiales

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de diseñar una guía de actuación con todos los aspectos que debe tener en cuenta un Ingeniero a la hora de afrontar un fallo en el servicio. Puede aplicarse a cualquier ámbito técnico, pero en este caso se focalizará en el fallo de materiales. Con la ayuda de este manual, el ingeniero será capaz de abordar el problema y saber el procedimiento que deberá seguir para llegar a una conclusión de lo ocurrido. Se abordarán los diversos aspectos que pueden intervenir en un fallo del material, desde su diseño hasta su puesta en servicio, así como la figura y las competencias de un Ingeniero Forense. Por último, se mostrará un caso práctico de un fallo real de una matriz de pulvimetalurgia mostrando la metodología que se ha seguido para determinar el origen del fallo de esta.This project aims to design a guide covering the standards needed to asses a failure in the operation of material. Even though this guide could be deemed as art of a broader technical scope, it particulary delves into material failure. With the aid of these standard, engineers may be able to tackle the operational failure and learn standard procedures taken towards reaching a conclusion upon causes of material failure. Various aspects that could trigger material failure will be investigated, comprising from early stages of the designing of a material to it´s operation up to failure. Furthermore, insight upon the role of a forensic engineer and responsabilities will also be presented. Finally, a practical example concerning the failure of a matrix will be thoroughly analysed and the methodology followed in order to asses the plausible cause of the material failure will be detailed.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería de los Materiale

Dos interesante novedades corológicas y otras citas de nuevas localizaciones para la flora abulense

Two very important taxa of floristic and chorologic interest: Aster linosyris (L.) Bernh.,and Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman are quoted for the first time in Avila (C Spain). We also present new references for other interesting species like Juniperus thurifera L. and Taxus baccata L. Photos and chorologic materials, maps of both discoveries with directions about their location are provided, as well as their coordinates in grids UTM of 10×10 km

Datos sobre los robledales de Quercus robur y Q. pyrenaica mesoéutrofos del sur de Cantabria y norte de Burgos

data about the oak forests of the south of the Autonomic Community of Cantabria and the center and the north of the province of Burgos are aported, with especial attention to the meso-eutrophic forests of Quercus robur and Q. pyrenaica

Ventas informales en el espacio público en Villavicencio (Colombia)

This paper aims to characterize the labor informality of street vendors and stable vendors located in the public space of the downtown area of Villavicencio (Colombia) during 2016. In order to achieve this, a cartographic survey of the locations where the informal vendors are located and a decibel noise sampling using the Decibel 10ht® application were carried out. In addition, the vendors profile was identified through participatory observation and semi - structured interviews. The results show a process of spatial clustering, determined by location in pedestrian ways, intersections and accesses to crowded places. Product specialization was observed, associated with the structure of formal trade.Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar a informalidade laboral dos vendedores ambulantes e estacionários localizados no espaço público do centro de Villavicencio (Colômbia) durante o ano de 2016. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento cartográfico dos lugares onde os vendedores informais se posicionam e uma amostragem de ruídos por decibéis usando o aplicativo Decibel 10ht®; além disso, identificou-se o perfil dos vendedores por meio de uma observação participativa e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados evidenciam um processo de clusterização espacial, determinado pela localização em vias para pedestres, intersecções e acessos a lugares concorridos. Observou-se especializaçãopor produtos, associada à estrutura do comércio formal.Este artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la informalidad laboral de los vendedores ambulantes y estacionarios ubicados en el espacio público del centro de Villavicencio (Colombia) durante el año 2016. Para esto, se hizo un levantamiento cartográfico de los emplazamientos donde se ubican los vendedores informales y un muestreo del ruido por decibeles mediante la aplicación Decibel 10ht®; además, se identificó el perfil de los vendedores por medio de una observación participativa y entrevistas semiestructuradas.Los resultados evidencian un proceso de clusterización espacial, determinado por la localización en vías peatonales, intersecciones y accesos a lugares concurridos. Se observó especialización por productos, asociada a la estructura del comercio formal

Hepatobiliary manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease: The gut, the drugs and the liver

Abnormal liver biochemical tests are present in up to 30% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and therefore become a diagnostic challenge. Liver and biliary tract diseases are common extraintestinal manifestations for both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), and typically do not correlate with intestinal activity. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is the most common hepatobiliary manifestation of IBD, and is more prevalent in UC. Approximately 5% of patients with UC develop PSC, with the prevalence reaching up to 90%. Cholangiocarcinoma and colon cancer risks are increased in these patients. Less common disorders include autoimmune hepatitis/PSC overlap syndrome, IgG4-associated cholangiopathy, primary biliary cirrhosis, hepatic amyloidosis, granulomatous hepatitis, cholelithiasis, portal vein thrombosis, liver abscess, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatitis B reactivation during immunosuppressive therapy is a major concern, with screening and vaccination being recommended in serologically negative cases for patients with IBD. Reactivation prophylaxis with entecavir or tenofovir for 6 to 12 mo after the end of immunosuppressive therapy is mandatory in patients showing as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive, independently from viral load. HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive patients, with or without anti-HBs, should be closely monitored, measuring alanine aminotransferase and hepatitis B virus DNA within 12 mo after the end of therapy, and should be treated if the viral load increases. On the other hand, immunosuppressive therapy does not seem to promote reactivation of hepatitis C, and hepatitis C antiviral treatment does not influence IBD natural history either. Most of the drugs used for IBD treatment may induce hepatotoxicity, although the incidence of serious adverse events is low. Abnormalities in liver biochemical tests associated with aminosalicylates are uncommon and are usually not clinically relevant. Methotrexate-related hepatotoxicity has been described in 14% of patients with IBD, in a dose-dependent manner. Liver biopsy is not routinely recommended. Biologics-related hepatotoxicity is rare, but has been shown most frequently in patients treated with infliximab. Thiopurines have been associated with veno-occlusive disease, regenerative nodular hyperplasia, and liver peliosis. Routine liver biochemical tests are recommended, especially during the first month of treatment. All these conditions should be considered in IBD patients with clinical or biochemical features suggestive of hepatobiliary involvement. Diagnosis and management of these disorders usually involve hepatologists and gastroenterologists due to its complexity

Adiciones y revisiones del catálogo de la flora vascular de Cantabria, I

Se aportan datos florísticos nuevos del catálogo supracitado, así como varios cambios taxonómicos.New data of flora and taxonomy for the catalogue of the autonomic community of Cantabria (N Spain) are apported

Production of 4-ethylphenol in alperujo by Lactobacillus pentosus

© 2014 Society of Chemical Industry. BACKGROUND: Alperujo is the paste generated from the two-phase extraction system of olive oil. This wet pomace must be stored for several months and, during this period, the formation of 4-ethyphenol provokes a strong off-odour. The aim of this work was to identify the microorganisms able to produce this volatile phenol. RESULTS: Yeast and bacterial strains were isolated from stored alperujo and tested for their ability to metabolize p-coumaric acid and form 4-ethylphenol. Among them, Lactobacillus pentosus was the microorganism that both in synthetic medium and alperujo gave rise to 4-ethylphenol formation. This microorganism did not grow in alperujo acidified to pH 2, thereby confirming that acidification as the best method to control odour emissions during alperujo storage. CONCLUSION: Lactic acid bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus pentosus, can be responsible for the formation of the off-odour caused by 4-ethylphenol during the storage of alperujo. This odour can be prevented by acidifying the alperujo.This research was supported by the Spanish Government and the European Union FEDER funds through the project AGL-2009-07512. The authors are grateful to Irene de la Rosa for technical help and Oleícola el Tejar SCA for providing the alperujo samples.Peer Reviewe

Results for Exercise I-3 with COBAYA: Analysis of the peaking power factors

Specific objectives: Contribute with updated results to Ex I-3, computing uncertainties in k-eff, radial power distributions and peak factors; Compare nodal and pin-by-pin results; Evaluate the probability distribution of core parameters

Prescripción de ejercicio físico en la depresión por parte de médicos de familia : factores involucrados

Introducción: El problema del sedentarismo es acuciante en sociedades desarrolladas y sus consecuencias para la salud de la población constituyen uno de los principales problemas de salud pública actuales. La depresión es un motivo de consulta muy habitual en las consultas de atención primaria de países occidentales. Se ha planteado la prescripción de ejercicio físico como una estrategia antidepresiva útil en depresiones leves-moderadas, con frecuencia de forma complementaria a los tratamientos de primera elección: psicoterapia y/o farmacoterapia. Sin embargo, los médicos de atención primaria no siempre lo prescriben y se desconoce de qué depende que lo hagan. Contribuir a aclarar esta cuestión es el objetivo del presente trabajo. Nuestra hipótesis era que el grado de prescripción depende de sus opiniones y experiencia sobre el tratamiento de la depresión.Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que participaron 13 centros de salud. Utilizamos el cuestionario Depression Questionaire Attitude para valorar la actitud de los médicos hacia la depresión, y recogimos otras variables relacionadas con la importancia que otorgaban al ejercicio físico y a otros aspectos del estilo de vida en la salud física y mental.RESULTADOS: Se confirma que las opiniones y actitudes de los médicos frente a la depresión influyen en su disposición a recomendar ejercicio físico. Además, los médicos de atención primaria con menos años de práctica profesional valoran más el papel del ejercicio físico en la salud, tanto en la depresión como en otras patologías médicas. También se observa una correlación entre la importancia que se da al ejercicio físico en la salud y la que se da a otros factores ligados al estilo de vida, especialmente la dieta.Discusión: Aunque la utilidad de recomendar ejercicio físico en la depresión va acercándose al mismo nivel de importancia que en otros problemas de salud su empleo por parte de los médicos de atención primaria es muy mejorable. Por ello, es importante insistir en la necesidad de ofrecer apoyo y programas de formación continuada a los médicos de atención primaria para ayudarles en este propósito.A sedentary lifestyle is an urgent problem in developed societies and its consequences are one of the main current problems in public health. Depression is a common reason to attend primary care in Western countries. In many cases of low and mild depression, exercise is recommended as a complement to the main therapy: Psychotherapy and/or pharmacotherapy. Nevertheless, general practitioners do not always recommend exercise to depressive patients and it is unknown why they do not. The main aim of our study was to clarify how the degree of prescribing exercise relies on a general practitioner's opinion and experience in depression treatment. A cross-sectional design was undertaken in 13 public health centers. The Depression Attitude Questionnaire (DAQ) was used to evaluate general practitioners' attitude towards depression; other variables related to the importance accorded to physical exercise; and other lifestyle aspects of physical and mental health. Our results show that general practitioners' attitude towards depression influence their willingness to recommend exercise. Moreover, less experienced general practitioners (in years) tend to appreciate the importance of exercise in health, not only in depression. A positive relationship was found between importance of exercise and importance accorded to other factors linked to lifestyle, especially diet. Although recommendation of exercise in depression is similar to other medical conditions, its prescription may be improved. Hence, it is important to point out the need for education programs for general practitioners, in order to improve their capacity to deal with their task.O problema do sedentarismo é premente nas sociedades desenvolvidas e as suas consequências para a saúde da população constituem um dos principais problemas de saúde pública actuais. A depressão é um motivo muito habitual nas consultas de cuidados primários nos países ocidentais. Foi delineada a prescrição de exercício físico como uma estratégia antidepressiva útil em depressões leves-moderadas, de forma complementar aos tratamentos de primeira escolha. Contudo, os médicos de cuidados primários nem sempre o prescrevem e desconhece-se o porquê de o fazerem. Contribuir para clarificar esta questão é o objectivo d presente trabalho. A nossa hipótese era que o grau de prescrição depende das suas opiniões e experiências no tratamento da depressão. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal no qual participaram 13 centros de saúde. Utilizámos o questionário Depression Questionaire Attitude para avaliar a atitude dos médicos face à depressão e medimos outras variáveis relacionadas com a importância que atribuíam ao exercício físico e a outros aspectos do estilo de vida na saúde física e mental. Os resultados confirmam que a atitude dos médicos face à depressão influí na sua disposição para recomendar exercício físico. Adicionalmente, os médicos de cuidados primários com menos anos de prática profissional valorizam mais o papel do exercício físico na saúde, tanto na depressão como noutras patologias médicas. Também se observa uma correlação entre a importância que se dá ao exercício físico na saúde e à que se dá a outros factores ligados ao estilo de vida, especialmente à dieta. Conclui-se que apesar da utilidade de recomendar exercício físico na depressão se ir aproximando do nível de importância atribuído a outros problemas de saúde, a sua utilização por parte dos médicos de cuidados primários pode ser substancialmente melhorada. Para tal, é importante insistir na necessidade de oferecer apoio e programas de formação continuada aos médicos de cuidados primários para ajudá-los neste propósito

Aprendizaje-Servicio para trasladar los resultados desarrollo sostenible: del laboratorio a la sociedad

El objetivo general planteado en este proyecto ha sido comunicar y concienciar a los estudiantes de secundaria y bachillerato sobre la necesidad de un desarrollo sostenible, con el fin de que sean capaces de comprender e identificar las problemáticas asociadas a los objetivos planteados en la Agenda 2030 y asociarlas con actividades propias de la vida cotidiana. De esta manera, los alumnos podrán adquirir herramientas de gran utilidad para el desarrollo de su futura vida personal y profesional. Para lograr dichos objetivos se han llevado a cabo una serie de actividades (charlas de divulgación científica, debates, uso de la aplicación Kahoot) en diferentes centros educativos no universitarios, en concreto, en tres institutos de educación secundaria y bachillerato (IES) y en un centro de educación de personas adultas (CEPA). Los temas tratados se encuadran dentro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la Agenda 2030, concretamente los ODS 2, 3 y 12