"Der schnodert in German" : examples of loan word and linguistic mixtures of German and Brazilian Portuguese in the South of Brazil (São Bento do Sul, Santa Catarina State)

The article focuses on loan words, language mixtures and the continuous code switching specifically of residents of German origin from São Bento do Sul, Federal State of Santa Catarina. It deals with loan words of Portuguese lexemes such as interjections, formulaic expressions, negations, subjunctions/conjunctions and some special cases of Portuguese constructions. Using various segments of spoken language and short analyses the special forms of German-Brazilian language contact are presented in exemplary form.Der Artikel thematisiert Entlehnungen, Sprachmischungen und den Umgang mit kontinuierlichem Sprachwechsel deutschstämmiger Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner aus São Bento do Sul, Bundesstaat Santa Catarina. Es geht hierbei sowohl um Entlehnungen einzelner portugiesischer Lexeme wie Interjektionen, formelhafte Ausdrücke, Negierungen, Subjunktionen/Konjunktionen und einige Sonderfälle als auch um Übernahmen portugiesischer Konstruktionen. Anhand verschiedener Gesprächsausschnitte und Kurzanalysen werden in exemplarischer Form die spezifischen Formen des deutsch-brasilianischen Sprachkontakts vorgestellt.O artigo tematiza empréstimos, mistura e troca contínua de código linguístico (code switching) no uso diário por descendentes de alemães de São Bento do Sul, Estado de Santa Catarina. Tratase aqui não só de empréstimos de alguns lexemas em português, como interjeições, expressões formulaicas, negações, subjunções/conjunções e de alguns 'casos especiais', como também de assimilação de formulações inteiras em português brasileiro. Com base em excertos de diálogos e análises curtas são apresentadas, em amostras exemplares, formas específicas do contato linguístico teuto-brasileiro

Textproduktion bei bilingualen DaF-Studierenden - erste Analysen und Ergebnisse einer Forschungsarbeit zum Deutschunterricht am IFPLA in São Leopoldo (RS)

This article will discuss the influence of bilingualism (German dialect and Portuguese) in the learning of German as a foreign language by students of German ancestry in Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil, on the basis of examples of language production.O artigo pretende chamar a atenção para a existência de uma forma específica do bilingüismo no Rio Grande do Sul: alemão (dialetal) e português. Assim, abordará as conseqüências lingüísticas da imigração alemã e, com isso, a influência do alemão dialetal e do português no processo de aprendizagem da lingua alemã padrão respectivamente estrangeira por estudantes teuto-brasileiros numa universidade

Der schnodert em alemão: Beispiele portugiesischer Entlehnungen und deutsch-portugiesischer Sprachmischungen aus Südbrasilien (São Bento do Sul, SC)

O artigo tematiza empréstimos, mistura e troca contínua de código linguístico (code switching) no uso diário por descendentes de alemães de São Bento do Sul, Estado de Santa Catarina. Trata-se aqui não só de empréstimos de alguns lexemas em português, como interjeições, expressões formulaicas, negações, subjunções/conjunções e de alguns casos especiais, como também de assimilação de formulações inteiras em português brasileiro. Com base em excertos de diálogos e análises curtas são apresentadas, em amostras exemplares, formas específicas do contato linguístico teuto-brasileiro.The article focuses on loan words, language mixtures and the continuous code switching specifically of residents of German origin from São Bento do Sul, Federal State of Santa Catarina. It deals with loan words of Portuguese lexemes such as interjections, formulaic expressions, negations, subjunctions/conjunctions and some special cases of Portuguese constructions. Using various segments of spoken language and short analyses the special forms of German-Brazilian language contact are presented in exemplary form.Der Artikel thematisiert Entlehnungen, Sprachmischungen und den Umgang mit kontinuierlichem Sprachwechsel deutschstämmiger Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner aus São Bento do Sul, Bundesstaat Santa Catarina. Es geht hierbei sowohl um Entlehnungen einzelner portugiesischer Lexeme wie Interjektionen, formelhafte Ausdrücke, Negierungen, Subjunktionen/Konjunktionen und einige Sonderfälle als auch um Übernahmen portugiesischer Konstruktionen. Anhand verschiedener Ge­sprächsausschnitte und Kurzanalysen werden in exemplarischer Form die spezifischen Formen des deutsch-brasilianischen Sprachkontakts vorgestellt

APRENDIZAGEM DE ALEMÃO COMO LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA POR ESTUDANTES DE DESCENDÊNCIA ALEMÃ

No centro de nossa pesquisa, apresentada neste artigo, estão a análise do progresso de aprendizagem do alemão como língua estrangeira e padrão, e a influência recíproca das línguas maternas, alemão dialetal e português, na produção lingüística, pesquisadas em um corpus de textos e discursos transcritos dos alunos dos primeiro ao quarto semestres do curso de graduação do Instituto de Formação de Professores de Alemão - IFPLA, ligado a UNISINOS

Detection and Characterisation of Lactobacillus spp. in the Bovine Uterus and Their Influence on Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells In Vitro

Bacterial infections and inflammation of the uterus are common in dairy cattle after parturition. In particular, pathogenic bacteria that cause endometritis have been the focus of research in cattle reproduction in the last ten years. The aim of the present study was to identify commensal lactobacilli in the bovine uterus and to examine their influence on the synthesis of pro- inflammatory factors in bovine endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. Lactobacillus species were isolated from healthy bovine uteri and further characterised. Bovine endometrial epithelial cells in the second passage (n = 5 animals) were co-cultured with the autochthonous isolates L. buchneri, L. ruminis and L. amylovorus as well as with a commercially available L. vaginalis in different multiplicities of infection (MOI = 1, 5 and 10, respectively). Endometrial epithelial cells cultured without bacteria served as controls. At distinct points in time (2, 4 and 6 h) total RNA was extracted from co-cultured epithelial cells and subjected to reverse transcription quantitative PCR of pro-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, the release of such factors by co-cultured epithelial cells was measured by ELISA or EIA after 24 and 48 h. L. ruminis and L. amylovorus induced increased interleukin (IL) IL1A, IL6, IL8 and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 mRNA levels and the release of IL8 and prostaglandin F2α in endometrial epithelial cells compared with control cells. In contrast, L. buchneri did not significantly influence the expression and release of these factors. Toll-like receptors 2 and 6 transcripts were found unchanged in co-cultured and untreated epithelial cells in vitro. However, endometrial epithelial cells of each animal showed individual differences in the response to bacterial load. These results suggest that Lactobacillus species are present in the bovine uterus, revealing immunomodulatory properties

Relationship between depression, anxiety, stress, and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a longitudinal study

ObjectivesWe aimed to (1) describe the course of the emotional burden (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) in a general population sample during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020 and 2021 and (2) explore the association between emotional burden and a serologically proven infection with SARS-CoV-2.Study designThis longitudinal study involved a sample of community-dwelling persons aged ≥14 years from the general population of South Tyrol (Province of Bolzano-Bozen, Northern Italy). Data were collected at two stages over a 1-year period in 2020 and 2021.MethodsPersons were invited to participate in a survey on socio-demographic, health-related and psychosocial variables (e.g., age, chronic diseases, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, DASS-21), as well as in the serological testing for of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulins.ResultsIn 2020, 855 (23.8%) out of 3,600 persons participated; in 2021, 305 (35.7%) out of 855 were tested again. We observed a statistically significant decrease in mean DASS-21 scores for depression, stress, and total scores between 2020 and 2021, yet not for anxiety. Persons with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infection between the first and second data collection exhibited increased emotional burden compared to those without SARS-CoV-2-infection. The odds of participants with a self-reported diagnosis of mental disorder for future infection with SARS-CoV-2 was almost four times higher than that of participants without mental disorders (OR:3.75; 95%CI:1.79-7.83).ConclusionOur findings support to the hypothesis of a psycho-neuroendocrine-immune interplay in COVID-19. Further research is necessary to explore the mechanisms underlying the interplay between mental health and SARS-CoV-2 infections

Textproduktion bei bilingualen Daf-Studierenden - erste Analysen und Ergebnisse einer Forschungsarbeit zum Deutschunterricht am IFPLA in São Leopoldo (RS)

O artigo pretende chamar a atenção para a existência de uma forma específica do bilinguismo no Rio Grande do Sul: alemão (dialetal) e português. Assim, abordará as consequências linguísticas da imigração alemã e, com isso, a influência do alemão dialetal e do português no processo de aprendizagem da língua alemã padrão respectivamente estrangeira por estudantes teuto-brasileiros numa universidade

Der schnodert em alemão: Beispiele portugiesischer Entlehnungen und deutsch-portugiesischer Sprachmischungen aus Südbrasilien (São Bento do Sul, SC)

Der Artikel thematisiert Entlehnungen, Sprachmischungen und den Umgang mit kontinuierlichem Sprachwechsel deutschstämmiger Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner aus São Bento do Sul, Bundesstaat Santa Catarina. Es geht hierbei sowohl um Entlehnungen einzelner portugiesischer Lexeme wie Interjektionen, formelhafte Ausdrücke, Negierungen, Subjunktionen/Konjunktionen und einige Sonderfälle als auch um Übernahmen portugiesischer Konstruktionen. Anhand verschiedener Ge­sprächsausschnitte und Kurzanalysen werden in exemplarischer Form die spezifischen Formen des deutsch-brasilianischen Sprachkontakts vorgestellt