Diseño de una industria de manipulado y envasado de productos hortofrutícolas

Este Proyecto tiene como objeto el diseño de una planta de envasado y manipulado de Productos Hortofrutícolas, así como definir las características técnicas y de seguridad que deben reunir las construcciones e instalaciones que en él se incluyen, mediante los estudios y cálculos precisos que se contemplan en las Normas y Reglamentos legales vigentes, así como poner en conocimiento de los Organismos Competentes de la Administración todo lo proyectado y solicitar su aprobación y puesta en marcha, si fuese pertinente.Escuela Técnica superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen

Preliminary study of the palliative effect that offers grafting in plants of sweet pepper against to water stress

[SPA] En la zona del campo de Cartagena y sur de Alicante, el cultivo se realiza desde diciembre hasta agosto, centrándose la producción en los meses donde se dan altas temperaturas y radiaciones en el interior de los invernaderos, por lo que el cultivo tiene una gran demanda de agua. El objetivo de este estudio fue estudiar el efecto paliativo que ejerce el injerto sobre el estrés hídrico. Se utilizaron plantas de la variedad Gacela y Gacela injertada sobre sí misma. En general, el uso del injerto mejoró los parámetros vegetativos y los fotosintéticos e incrementó el rendimiento de las plantas injertadas en relación a las que no se injertaron. Estos resultados sugieren que las plantas injertadas han mostrado un incremento en la absorción de agua y nutrientes y tolerancia a este estrés abiótico, por lo que podemos concluir que el injerto es una eficaz herramienta agrícola que mejora los parámetros vegetativos y de producción frente a un estrés hídrico. [ENG] In the area of the Campo de Cartagena and South of Alicante, the crop is done from December until August, focusing production in the months where high temperatures and radiation are given inside the greenhouses, so the crop has a high demand for water. The aim of this study was to study the palliative effect that exercises the graft on the water stress. Plants of the variety were in use Gacela and Gacela grafted on itself. In general, the use of the graft improved the vegetative parameters and the photosynthetic ones and increased the yield of the plants grafted on relation to which they are not grafted. These results suggest that the grafted plants have showed an increase in the absorption of water and nutrients and tolerance to this abiotic stress, for what we can conclude that grafting is an effective agricultural implement that improves the vegetative parameters and of production against to a water stress.A los proyectos PO 07-4 y PO 07-41 de la Unión Europea-Feder 80% PO Región de Murcia

Efecto del estrés hídrico en un cultivo en invernadero de pimiento injertado

Los vegetales son cultivados frecuentemente en condiciones desfavorables que promueven el estrés, debido a la limitada disponibilidad de zonas de cultivo, las elevadas exigencias de los mismos fuera de temporada, y las intensas prácticas agrícolas que conducen a una limitadísima rotación de cultivos. El uso de injertos se ha convertido en una herramienta rápida alternativa a la metodología convencional, que permite incrementar la tolerancia de los vegetales a diversos estreses ambientales. En este trabajo se estudia la respuesta agronómica y fisiológica de la variedad de pimiento Herminio, injertada y sin injertar, siendo los portainjertos utilizados Creonte, Terrano y Atlante, y los tratamientos de riego empleados: Normal (NS): Testigo (100% ET, sin estrés) y S:(50 % ET, estrés hídrico), así como el efecto de los patrones sobre la calidad de la producción injertada. Creonte es una eficaz elección puesto que soporta bien las condiciones de estrés.A los proyectos PO 07‐4 y PO 07‐41 de la Unión Europea‐Feder 80% PO Región de Murcia

La colaboración interinstitucional en la producción científica española en Enfermería: análisis de redes sociales

Los objetivos del trabajo son analizar la producción científica española en el área de Enfermería, definir su evolución temporal, su distribución geográfica e institucional y observar la colaboración institucional. Metodo: Se analiza una exhaustiva muestra de producción científica española de enfermería extraida de la base de datos multidisciplinar SciVerse Scopus Resultados: La producción científica enfermera española crece a lo largo del tiempo, La tasa de colaboración es de 3,7 autores por trabajo y el 61% de los autores solo publican un trabajo. Barcelona y Madrid son las provincias con mayor nº de autores y la mayoría pertenecen al ámbito hospitalario seguido del Universitario Conclusiones: Se apunta la necesidad de utilizar bases de datos internacionales para investigación, docencia y asistencia, además de los recursos de información especializada nacionales. Se confirma la escasa colaboración con instituciones extranjeras

Physiological responses induced by different rootstocks against the infestation of Meloidogyne incognita in a greenhouse pepper crop

[SPA] En los invernaderos de pimiento del Campo de Cartagena (Murcia) Meloidogyne incognita está ampliamente distribuido y tras la eliminación del bromuro de metilo, se ha convertido en un problema emergente en más del 40% de los invernaderos. El uso de porta-injertos resistentes ha demostrado ser una técnica viable para lidiar con Meloidogyne incognita en varios cultivos (tomate, melón, sandía, etc.). Sin embargo, se ha investigado poco acerca del efecto fisiológico y nutricional del pimiento cultivado en invernadero en condiciones de clima mediterráneo. Por lo tanto, estudiamos una variedad susceptible (Gacela) injertada en porta-injertos resistentes (C19, C25 y RT17), y la comparamos con las plantas no injertadas y autoinjertadas (GAL). Los fenoles totales y carotenoides se vieron afectados significativamente, al igual que el perfil de aminoácidos. Estos resultados proporcionan nuevos conocimientos en los rasgos que pueden identificar porta-injertos resistentes a nematodos, y por lo tanto nuevas herramientas para inducir resistencia, mientras que evitamos el uso de desinfectantes de suelo. [ENG] In the pepper greenhouses of Campo de Cartagena (Murcia) Meloidogyne incognita is widely distributed and after the elimination of methyl bromide, it has become an emerging problem in more than 40% of greenhouses. The use of resistant rootstocks has proved to be a viable technique for dealing with Meloidogyne incognita in several crops (tomato, melon, watermelon, etc.). However, little research has been done on the physiological and nutritional effect of pepper grown in greenhouses under Mediterranean climate conditions. Therefore, we studied a susceptible variety (Gacela) grafted on resistant rootstocks (C19, C25 and RT17), and compared it with non-grafted and autografted (GAL) plants. Total phenols and carotenoids were significantly affected, as was the amino acid profile. These results provide new insights into traits that can identify nematode-resistant rootstocks, and therefore new tools to induce resistance, while avoiding the use of soil disinfectants

Calidad de las empresas en el sector restaurantes de la región Lambayeque

El presente estudio de investigación ha sido desarrollado con la finalidad de poder medir el nivel de calidad en las empresas del sector Restaurantes del departamento de Lambayeque, Peru, para lo cual se busca identificar el nivel de cumplimiento de los nueve factores del Total Quality Managment (TQM), en estas empresas. El documento base utilizado como guía se centra en el modelo TQM que incluye nueve factores de calidad medibles desarrollado por el Doctor Jorge Benzaquen, 2013. Estos factores son: (a) Alta Gerencia, (b) planeamiento de la calidad, (c) auditoría y evaluación de la calidad, (d) diseño del producto, (e) gestión de la calidad del proveedor, (f) control y mejoramiento del proceso, (g) educación y entrenamiento, (h) círculos de calidad y (i) enfoque hacia la satisfacción del cliente. Con respecto a las referencias utilizadas, al ser el sector de Restaurantes un rubro en el que prácticamente no existe un manejo empresarial debido a que son en su mayoría microempresas familiares, es difícil encontrar referencias y bibliografías de autores que hayan investigado el desarrollo de este sector, por lo cual, la presente investigación ha visto por conveniente el uso de referencias que se encuentran en internet como entrevistas a reconocidos chefs, noticias de diarios al respecto, opiniones públicas en general. Durante los meses de Mayo a Julio del año 2014 y mediante el uso de encuestas se entrevistaron a los responsables de un total de 162 restaurantes del departamento de Lambayeque. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante encuestas a los encargados de los restaurantes y para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS y la confiabilidad de las preguntas del cuestionario se realizó calculando el Alpha de Cronbach. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran un alto cumplimiento de los nueve factores del TQM.This research study was developed with the purpose to measure the level of quality companies in the sector of Restaurants in the department of Lambayeque, Peru, which seeks to identify the level of fulfillment of the nine factors of the Total Quality Management (TQM) in these companies. The basic document used as a guide focuses on the TQM model which includes nine measurement quality factors developed by Dr. Jorge Benzaquen, 2013. These factors are: (a) High Management, (b) quality planning, (c) auditing and quality assessment, (d) product design, (e) quality supply management, (f) control and process improvement, (g) education and training, (h) quality circles and (i) focus on customer satisfaction. About the references used, being the sector of restaurants an area where there is virtually no business management because they are mostly micro family businesses, is difficult to find references and bibliographies of authors that have investigated the development of this sector, therefore, for it convenience this research will use references found in the Internet and interviews with celebrity chefs, daily news about it and public opinion in general. During the months of May to July 2014 and using surveys could interview the managers of a total of 162 restaurants in Lambayeque. Data collection was performed by surveying managers of restaurants and for statistical analysis we use the SPSS software while the reliability of questions in the questionnaire was performed by calculating the Cronbach's Alpha. The obtained results demonstrate a high fulfillment of the nine factors of the TQM.Tesi

Actividades y productos del turismo social en el Centro Histórico de Lima, 2020

The present investigation was carried out with the purpose of identifying the tourist activities and products developed in accordance with social tourism in the Historic Center of Lima between the years 2018 - 2020. The methodology used was a qualitative approach with a phenomenological and descriptive design. The study subjects were three religious art museums and the tourist activities developed by the Tourism Office of the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima. The instruments applied were the observation sheets and two interview guides. The results reveal that the institutions analyzed do not develop tourist activities and products mainly oriented towards social tourism. The main activities are internal and pedestrian tours aimed at the general public. Nevertheless; private museums have differentiated rates for children, students, adults, seniors; which contrasts with the public proposal, where free activities are carried out, but with limited access.La presente investigación se realizó con el propósito de identificar las actividades y productos turísticos desarrollados acorde con el turismo social en el Centro Histórico de Lima entre los años 2018 – 2020. La metodología empleada fue de enfoque cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico y descriptivo. Los sujetos de estudio fueron tres museos de arte religioso y las actividades turísticas desarrolladas por la Oficina de Turismo de la Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron las fichas de observación y dos guías de entrevista. Los resultados revelan que las instituciones analizadas, no desarrollan actividades y productos turísticos orientados principalmente al turismo social. Las principales actividades son recorridos turísticos internos y peatonales dirigidos al público general. Sin embargo; los museos privados cuentan con tarifas diferenciadas para niños, estudiantes, adultos, adultos mayores; que contrasta con la propuesta pública, en donde se realizan actividades gratuitas, pero con limitado acceso.&nbsp

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

The Use of Red Shade Nets Improves Growth in Salinized Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Plants by Regulating Their Ion Homeostasis and Hormone Balance

The actual climate crisis scenario is aggravating the abiotic stress episodes that crop plants have to face. Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses directly impairing plant growth and productivity. Several strategies have been developed to minimize the negative effects of salinity in agricultural industry, mainly at the plant level, while management strategies, such us the control of microclimate conditions and light quality over plant canopy, have also been used. Indeed, shading plants with photoselective nets has been considered an efficient management strategy to modulate solar radiation to improve crop productivity. The aim of this work was to gain insights about the physiological factors underlying the salinity-alleviating effect of using red shading nets. For that, pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl) and moderate salinity (35 mM NaCl) conditions, with half of the plants covered with a red net (30% shading). The shoot growth impairment provoked by salinity was in part minimized by shading plants with red nets, which can be explained by their higher capacity to exclude Na+, control of K+ homeostasis and regulation of hormonal balance. Indeed, the concentrations of the most active cytokinin in pepper, trans-zeatin, as well as its metabolic precursor, zeatin riboside, increased in shaded plants, associated to shoot growth recovery and photosynthetic rate maintenance under salinity. Furthermore, the stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) increased with salinity but in a lower extend in the plants shaded with red nets, suggesting a fine tune of stomata opening by ABA which, in crosstalk with salicylic acid increment, improved plant water relations. Likewise, the concentrations of gibberellins and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, also changed during salinity stress in shaded plants but those changes were uncoupled of growth responses as indicated by the principal component analysis and thus they seem to play a minor role. Our data demonstrate that shading pepper plants with red nets is an efficient management strategy to modulate microclimate conditions at crop level thus controlling the ion homeostasis and hormonal balance of the plant to cope with salinity stress. This is especially important due to the actual and expected changes of the global climatic conditions

The Financial Valuation Risk in Pepper Production: The Use of Decoupled Net Present Value

Greenhouse peppers are one of the most important crops globally. However, as in any production activity, especially agricultural, they are subject to important risk factors such as price fluctuations, pests, or the use of bad quality water. This article aims to evaluate the viability of these types of crops by using discounted cash flows. Risk evaluation has been carried out through the analysis of pepper plantations for 2016 and 2017. The traditional application of this tool has significant limitations, such as the discount rate to be used or the estimation of future cash flows. However, by using discount functions that decrease over time in combination with decoupled net present value, these limitations are expected to improve. The use of decoupled net present value has permitted an increase in the accuracy and quantification of risks, isolating the main risks such as price drops (EUR 3720 ha&minus;1 year&minus;1) and structural risks (EUR 1622 &euro; ha&minus;1 year&minus;1). The use of decreasing discount functions has permitted a more realistic investment estimation. Finally, the sensitivity analysis shows that decoupled net present value (DNPV) is little affected by changes in interest rates in contrast to traditional net present value (NPV)