Evaluación del desempeño docente: Preparación para el aprendizaje de los estudiantes en el Marco de Buen Desempeño Docente

The objective of the present research work was to design a teaching performance evaluation model based on the domain Preparation for student learning within the Framework for Teacher Good Performance. The study is based on an applied-projective method, with a qualitative educational approach. The instrument was applied to 94 teachers and 6 managers from 4 public educational institutions. The results show low levels of performance related to the preparation of learning and discontinuity of the purposes in the evaluation process, thus concluding with the development of a teaching evaluation model that integrates a new way of evaluation, from the perspective of teacher reflection and improvement of his performance.El objetivo de la presente investigación fue diseñar un modelo de evaluación del desempeño docente a partir del dominio Preparación para el aprendizaje de los estudiantes en el Marco de Buen Desempeño Docente. El estudio se sustenta en un método aplicado-proyectivo, con un enfoque cualitativo educacional. La aplicación del instrumento se realizó a 94 docentes y 06 directivos, de 04 instituciones educativas públicas. Los resultados evidencian bajos niveles de desempeños relacionados con la preparación del aprendizaje y discontinuidad de los propósitos en el proceso de evaluación, concluyendo así con la elaboración de un modelo de evaluación docente, que integra una nueva forma de evaluar, desde la perspectiva de reflexión docente y mejora de su desempeño

El liderazgo eficaz y el clima organizacional en las instituciones educativas del distrito de la Victoria-Lima

The research, entitled Effective leadership and organizational climate in the educational institutions of the district of La Victoria-Lima, aimed to determine the relationship of effective leadership with the organizational climate of educational institutions in the district of La Victoria-Lima. The hypothetical deductive method was used, based on a non-experimental, cross-section quantitative design approach. The technique used was the survey and the instrument the questionnaire, which was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 144 teachers of initial, primary and secondary. The results allowed to determine the significant correlation, with a significance of 0.644*.La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación del liderazgo eficaz con el clima organizacional de las instituciones educativas del distrito de La Victoria-Lima. Se empleó el método hipotético deductivo, basado en un enfoque cuantitativo de diseño no experimental y de corte transversal. La técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el instrumento el cuestionario, el cual fue aplicado a una muestra no probabilística de 144 docentes de inicial, primaria y secundaria. Los resultados permitieron determinar la correlación significativa, con una significancia de 0,644**

Bewertung des Einflusses von Wirtsgenetik und Umweltfaktoren auf die Zusammensetzung der Darmmikrobiota

The gut microbiome harbors a complex network of bacteria, archaea, and viruses. Governed by members of the domain Bacteria, the microbiome carries out essential physiological functions, such as promoting the development of the immune system and providing protection against pathogens. A well-balanced composition is fundamental for the health and fitness of the host. In contrast, microbial imbalances have been linked with various pathologies such as intestinal inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is fundamental to understand the major determinants of the gut microbiota composition and stability. Yet, studies have observed that the gut microbiome is shaped by multiple components, but the role of host genetics and environmental factors remains incompletely understood. Here, we evaluate the composition and stability of the gut microbiota in enhanced specific pathogen free (eSPF) mice, a standardized model to study gut microbiota interactions. Furthermore, we used the eSPF model to assess the relative contribution of the NLRP6 sensor and deficiencies in adaptive immunity (Rag2-/-) on shaping the gut microbiota. Our results showed that the impact of NLRP6 and adaptive immunity on microbiota composition depends on community structure and particularly influences pathobionts such as Helicobacter spp., but not commensals. Next, using omics approaches we characterized the genomic diversity and functional niche of novel species of the Prevotellaceae, an uncharacterized bacterial family which its abundance has been associated with health and host disease. Our results unveiled high genome diversity at the strain level. In addition, the functional characterization in vivo reveled an up-regulation of distinct polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) associated with xylan degradation. Further, we identified that a specific repertoire of PULs may enable the strain P. intestinalis to outcompete in mice fed with complex plant polysaccharides. Our study model dissects the specialized metabolic niche of Prevotella and uncovers potential genetic determinants for their abundance and prevalence in the gut. Collectively, these data demonstrate how host genetics and environmental factors shape the composition and function of the gut microbiota. With the aim to translate the understanding of the microbiome gained from our model, further studies using genetically engineered Prevotella strains are required to determine the molecular bases for colonization and abundance.Unser Darmmikrobiom besteht aus Bakterien, Archaeen, Eukaryoten und Viren. Darmbakterien führen essentielle physiologische Funktionen aus, wie Stoffwechselvorgänge, die Modulation des Immunsystems und dem Schutz vor Krankheitserregern. Mikrobielle Ungleichgewichte werden mit unterschiedlichsten Erkrankungen in Verbindung gebracht. Um die Rolle des Darmmikrobioms in Gesundheit und Erkrankung zu verstehen, ist es von grundlegender Bedeutung, dessen Zusammensetzung zu analysieren, sowie den Zusammenhang mit Wirtsgenetik und Umweltfaktoren zu verstehen. Um den Einfluss verschiedener Faktoren auf das Darmmikrobiom zu analysieren, wurde die Zusammensetzung und Stabilität der Darmmikrobiota in spezifischen Pathogen-freien (eSPF) Mäusen untersucht, einem stabilen und reproduzierbaren in vivo Modell zur Untersuchung von Darm-Mikrobiota-Interaktionen. Weiterhin wurde dieses Modell genutzt, um den Einfluss des NLRP6-Sensors und des Fehlens der adaptiven Immunität auf die Darmmikrobiota zu untersuchen. Unsere Ergebnisse konnten zeigen, dass dies abhängig ist von der bakteriellen Gemeinschaftsstruktur, und insbesondere dem Vorhandensein von Pathobionten wie Helicobacter spp. abhängt, jedoch nicht von Kommensalen. Außerdem charakterisierten wir mithilfe multipler "Omics"-Ansätze die genomische Diversität und funktionelle Nische neuartiger Spezies der Prevotellaceae, einer abundanten Familie kommensaler Darmbakterien, deren Vorkommen mit Gesundheit und Erkrankungen assoziiert wurde. Unsere Ergebnisse identifizierten eine hohe Genomvielfalt in der Gattung Prevotella, sowie eine Hochregulierung von verschiedenen Polysaccharidverwendungsorten (PULs), die mit dem Xylanabbau verbunden sind. Weiterhin konnten wir zeigen, dass ein spezifisches Repertoire an PULs dem Stamm Prevotella intestinalis ermöglicht, im Darm von Mäusen mit ballaststoffreicher Ernährung andere Stämme zu dominieren. Unser Studienmodell entschlüsselt die metabolische Nische der Prevotella-Arten und deckt mögliche genetische Determinanten für deren intestinale Prävalenz auf. Zusammenfassend zeigen diese Daten, wie Wirtsgenetik und Umweltfaktoren Zusammensetzung und Funktion der Darmmikrobiota beeinflussen. Weitere Studien sind erforderlich, um das aus unserem Modell gewonnene Verständnis des Mikrobioms anzuwenden und die molekularen Mechanismen zu verstehen, welche zuständig sind für Kolonisation und Prävalenz kommensaler Bakterien im Darm

Componentes predominantes de la acción tutorial en estudiantes universitarios

The research related to the practice of tutorial action in university students, aimed to determine the predominant component of tutorial, recognizing that tutorial in the university is gaining value and significance for the benefit of the students, as a support area, orientation and coverage during the educational procedure in its different academic, professional and personal dimensions. The study corresponds to the quantitative approach, deductive hypothetical and substantive method, non-experimental, cross-sectional or transactional and explanatory design, with a population of 2629 students whose representative sample was 335 participants. The results of the same showed that 67% of the students considered that the tutorial action they received was adequate, while 33%, also states that the predominant dimension was the academic development. It is concluded that the tutorial action did have a significant and predominant presence since it was considered as adequate within the development of university life in undergraduate students; situation that confirmed and revalued the attention to different needs and interests by the students responding to an education of integral development.La investigación relacionada a la práctica de la acción tutorial en estudiantes universitarios, tuvo como objetivo determinar el componente predominante de la tutoría, reconociendo que la tutoría en la universidad está cobrando valor y significancia en beneficio de los discentes, como área de apoyo, orientación y cobertura durante el proceder educativo en sus distintas dimensiones académicas, profesional y personal. El estudio corresponde al enfoque cuantitativo, de método hipotético deductivo tipo sustantivo, de diseño no experimental, de corte transversal o transaccional y explicativa, con una población de 2629 estudiantes cuya muestra representativa fue de 335 participantes. Los resultados del mismo, demostraron que el 67% de los estudiantes consideraron que la acción tutorial que recibieron fue adecuada, mientras que el 33%, asimismo establece que la dimensión predominante destacada fue el desarrollo académico, se concluye que la acción tutorial sí tuvo presencia significativa y predominante al haber sido considerada como adecuada dentro del desarrollo de la vida universitaria en estudiantes en formación; situación que confirmó y revaloró  por la atención a distintas necesidades e intereses por parte del alumnado respondiendo a una educación de desarrollo integral

Componentes predominantes de la acción tutorial en estudiantes universitarios

The research related to the practice of tutorial action in university students, aimed to determine the predominant component of tutorial, recognizing that tutorial in the university is gaining value and significance for the benefit of the students, as a support area, orientation and coverage during the educational procedure in its different academic, professional and personal dimensions. The study corresponds to the quantitative approach, deductive hypothetical and substantive method, non-experimental, cross-sectional or transactional and explanatory design, with a population of 2629 students whose representative sample was 335 participants. The results of the same showed that 67% of the students considered that the tutorial action they received was adequate, while 33%, also states that the predominant dimension was the academic development. It is concluded that the tutorial action did have a significant and predominant presence since it was considered as adequate within the development of university life in undergraduate students; situation that confirmed and revalued the attention to different needs and interests by the students responding to an education of integral development.La investigación relacionada a la práctica de la acción tutorial en estudiantes universitarios, tuvo como objetivo determinar el componente predominante de la tutoría, reconociendo que la tutoría en la universidad está cobrando valor y significancia en beneficio de los discentes, como área de apoyo, orientación y cobertura durante el proceder educativo en sus distintas dimensiones académicas, profesional y personal. El estudio corresponde al enfoque cuantitativo, de método hipotético deductivo tipo sustantivo, de diseño no experimental, de corte transversal o transaccional y explicativa, con una población de 2629 estudiantes cuya muestra representativa fue de 335 participantes. Los resultados del mismo, demostraron que el 67% de los estudiantes consideraron que la acción tutorial que recibieron fue adecuada, mientras que el 33%, asimismo establece que la dimensión predominante destacada fue el desarrollo académico, se concluye que la acción tutorial sí tuvo presencia significativa y predominante al haber sido considerada como adecuada dentro del desarrollo de la vida universitaria en estudiantes en formación; situación que confirmó y revaloró  por la atención a distintas necesidades e intereses por parte del alumnado respondiendo a una educación de desarrollo integral

Actividades colaborativas en el aprendizaje de marcadores discursivos en estudiantes universitarios

The objective of this research work is to analyze the influence of collaborative activities on the learning of discourse markers in the students of the Language Comprehension and Production from a private university in Lima. It is an applied research with a quasi-experimental design, composed of experimental and control. For the collection of data, the Test on discourse markers was used. Likewise, a pretest measurement was carried out successively, and once the results were obtained, the workshop on collaborative activities, composed of 7 sessions, was conducted in the experimental group to then carry out the posttest measurements in both groups. The hypothesis testing was made with the Mann Whitney U test. The results showed that there was significant influence of the collaborative work on the learning of the discourse markers in the students that are object of study.El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar la influencia de las actividades colaborativas en el aprendizaje de los marcadores discursivos en los estudiantes del curso Comprensión y Producción de Lenguaje de una universidad privada de Lima. Es una investigación aplicada con un diseño cuasi experimental, conformándose los grupos, experimental y control. Para la recolección de datos, se empleó la Prueba sobre marcadores discursivos. Asimismo, se efectuó sucesivamente una medición pre test, y obtenidos los resultados,  se aplicó el taller sobre actividades colaborativas, compuesto por 7 sesiones, en el grupo experimental, para luego efectuar las mediciones post test, en ambos grupos. La contrastación de hipótesis se efectuó con la prueba U de Mann Whitney. Los resultados mostraron que hubo influencia significativa del trabajo colaborativo sobre el aprendizaje de los marcadores discursivos en los estudiantes objeto de estudio

Análisis crítico de las reformas educativas emprendidas desde 1990 en docentes investigadores de Lima Metropolitana

The objective of this research was to generate a theory about the Neoliberal Education Reform, undertaken since 1990 and developed with different aspects in the governmental periods, from Fujimori to Ollanta Humala. This study was developed within the qualitative paradigm, with grounded theory methodology and description of the phenomenal situation. The sample consisted of six informants, who provided the data through the in-depth interview technique. As a result, it was found that there was no explanatory theory that reveals the background of this Education Reform as well as teachers who do not identify with this reform, the successes and failures of it. The contributions broaden the reflexive theoretical universe of society, which has to do with Peruvian education.La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo generar una teoría acerca de la Reforma Educativa Neoliberal, emprendida desde 1990 y desarrollada con distintos matices en los periodos gubernamentales, desde Fujimori hasta Ollanta Humala. Este estudio se desarrolló dentro del paradigma cualitativo, con metodología de teoría fundamentada y descripción de la situación fenoménica. La muestra estuvo conformada por seis informantes, quienes proporcionaron los datos a través de la técnica de la entrevista a profundidad. Como resultado, se halló la carencia de una teoría explicativa que desvele el trasfondo de esta Reforma Educativa, además de docentes que no se identifican con dicha reforma, los aciertos y desaciertos de la misma. Los aportes amplían el universo teórico reflexivo de la sociedad, que tiene que ver con la educación peruana

Control of membrane barrier during bacterial type-III protein secretion

Type-III secretion systems (T3SSs) of the bacterial flagellum and the evolutionarily related injectisome are capable of translocating proteins with a remarkable speed of several thousand amino acids per second. Here, we investigate how T3SSs are able to transport proteins at such a high rate while preventing the leakage of small molecules. Our mutational and evolutionary analyses demonstrate that an ensemble of conserved methionine residues at the cytoplasmic side of the T3SS channel create a deformable gasket (M-gasket) around fast-moving substrates undergoing export. The unique physicochemical features of the M-gasket are crucial to preserve the membrane barrier, to accommodate local conformational changes during active secretion, and to maintain stability of the secretion pore in cooperation with a plug domain (R-plug) and a network of salt-bridges. The conservation of the M-gasket, R-plug, and salt-bridge network suggests a universal mechanism by which the membrane integrity is maintained during high-speed protein translocation in all T3SSs.Peer Reviewe

Process mining for healthcare: Characteristics and challenges

Process mining techniques can be used to analyse business processes using the data logged during their execution. These techniques are leveraged in a wide range of domains, including healthcare, where it focuses mainly on the analysis of diagnostic, treatment, and organisational processes. Despite the huge amount of data generated in hospitals by staff and machinery involved in healthcare processes, there is no evidence of a systematic uptake of process mining beyond targeted case studies in a research context. When developing and using process mining in healthcare, distinguishing characteristics of healthcare processes such as their variability and patient-centred focus require targeted attention. Against this background, the Process-Oriented Data Science in Healthcare Alliance has been established to propagate the research and application of techniques targeting the data-driven improvement of healthcare processes. This paper, an initiative of the alliance, presents the distinguishing characteristics of the healthcare domain that need to be considered to successfully use process mining, as well as open challenges that need to be addressed by the community in the future.This work is partially supported by ANID FONDECYT 1220202, Dirección de Investigación de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile - PUENTE [Grant No. 026/ 2021]; and Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo [Grant Nos. ANID-PFCHA/Doctorado Nacional/2019–21190116, ANID-PFCHA/ Doctorado Nacional/2020–21201411]. With regard to the co-author Hilda Klasky, this manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy (DOE). The US government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the US government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for US government purposes. DOE will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-accessplan).Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 55 autors/es: Jorge Munoz-Gama (a)* , Niels Martin (b,c)* , Carlos Fernandez-Llatas (d,g)* , Owen A. Johnson (e)* , Marcos Sepúlveda (a)* , Emmanuel Helm (f)* , Victor Galvez-Yanjari (a)* , Eric Rojas (a) , Antonio Martinez-Millana (d) , Davide Aloini (k) , Ilaria Angela Amantea (l,q,r) , Robert Andrews (ab), Michael Arias (z) , Iris Beerepoot (o) , Elisabetta Benevento (k) , Andrea Burattin (ai), Daniel Capurro (j) , Josep Carmona (s) , Marco Comuzzi (w), Benjamin Dalmas (aj,ak), Rene de la Fuente (a) , Chiara Di Francescomarino (h) , Claudio Di Ciccio (i) , Roberto Gatta (ad,ae), Chiara Ghidini (h) , Fernanda Gonzalez-Lopez (a) , Gema Ibanez-Sanchez (d) , Hilda B. Klasky (p) , Angelina Prima Kurniati (al), Xixi Lu (o) , Felix Mannhardt (m), Ronny Mans (af), Mar Marcos (v) , Renata Medeiros de Carvalho (m), Marco Pegoraro (x) , Simon K. Poon (ag), Luise Pufahl (u) , Hajo A. Reijers (m,o) , Simon Remy (y) , Stefanie Rinderle-Ma (ah), Lucia Sacchi (t) , Fernando Seoane (g,am,an), Minseok Song (aa), Alessandro Stefanini (k) , Emilio Sulis (l) , Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede (ab), Pieter J. Toussaint (ac), Vicente Traver (d) , Zoe Valero-Ramon (d) , Inge van de Weerd (o) , Wil M.P. van der Aalst (x) , Rob Vanwersch (m), Mathias Weske (y) , Moe Thandar Wynn (ab), Francesca Zerbato (n) // (a) Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Chile; (b) Hasselt University, Belgium; (c) Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Belgium; (d) Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain; (e) University of Leeds, United Kingdom; (f) University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Austria; (g) Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; (h) Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Italy; (i) Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; (j) University of Melbourne, Australia; (k) University of Pisa, Italy; (l) University of Turin, Italy; (m) Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands; (n) University of St. Gallen, Switzerland; (o) Utrecht University, The Netherlands; (p) Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States; (q) University of Bologna, Italy; (r) University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (s) Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain; (t) University of Pavia, Italy; (u) Technische Universitaet Berlin, Germany; (v) Universitat Jaume I, Spain; (w) Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Republic of Korea; (x) RWTH Aachen University, Germany; (y) University of Potsdam, Germany; (z) Universidad de Costa Rica, Costa Rica; (aa) Pohang University of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea; (ab) Queensland University of Technology, Australia; (ac) Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway; (ad) Universita degli Studi di Brescia, Italy; (ae) Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Switzerland; (af) Philips Research, the Netherlands; (ag) The University of Sydney, Australia; (ah) Technical University of Munich, Germany; (ai) Technical University of Denmark, Denmark; (aj) Mines Saint-Etienne, France; (ak) Université Clermont Auvergne, France; (al) Telkom University, Indonesia; (am) Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden; (an) University of Borås, SwedenPostprint (published version

Aprendizaje situado en el nivel de comprensión lectora en estudiantes de secundaria

The research work entitled Learning located at the level of reading comprehension in students of a particular educational center. Its objective was to explain the effect of Learning situated at the level of reading comprehension in students of the fourth grade of secondary school of the institution where the present study is carried out. The study paradigm was interpretive, the qualitative approach, type of interpretive research, action research design, interpretive method, with a study scenario of 8 fourth-grade students. The technique used was observation, the instruments used were the blog or field diary, the semi-structured interview that were validated. The results were that the application of situated learning improves the levels of reading comprehension, as well as in turn offers other benefits such as meaningful learning and reading habit.El trabajo de investigación titulado Aprendizaje situado en el nivel de comprensión lectora en estudiantes de un centro educativo particular. Tuvo como objetivo explicar el efecto del Aprendizaje situado en el nivel de comprensión lectora en estudiantes del cuarto grado de secundaria de la institución donde se realiza el presente estudio. El paradigma del estudio fue interpretativo, el enfoque cualitativo, tipo de investigación interpretativa, diseño investigación acción, método interpretativo, con un escenario de estudio de 8 estudiantes de cuarto de secundaria. La técnica utilizada fue la observación, los instrumentos utilizados fueron la bitácora o diario de campo, la entrevista semi-estructurada que fueron validados. Los resultados fueron que la aplicación del aprendizaje situado mejora los niveles de comprensión lectora, así como también a su vez brinda otros beneficios como el aprendizaje significativo y hábito lector