Ripensare l’uomo: ripensare il diritto? Sui supposti fondamenti neurobiologici del diritto

Biological science in general and neuroscience in particular seem to promote a completely naturalised view of the human being. According to it, a naturalised view of the law and the juridical categories finds more and more followers among the law scholars too. Nevertheless, even an anticartesian and naturalised anthropological view has to face the question about the status of the consciousness. This paper aims to show that the accounts about the structure and functions of consciousness given by some of the most famous neuroscientists make questionable such a naturalisation of the law and of the juridical experience. At the same time, the paper points out that the perspective opened by those accounts requires to modify the very common idea that the law is a pure ‘means’ or an ‘instrument’ for living together

Injury Prevention Organizations in Canada: High Impact, Highly Creative?

Public sector organizations, specifically those dealing with knowledge as their product, are assumed to function on different principles than organizations in the private sector. Non-profit organizations do not represent a sector that has been studied in terms of creativity, creative problem-solving or thinking skills, although they have been the subject of study in terms of societal impact and value, specifically in the United States. There is an important gap that could be filled through exploration of non-profit organizations in Canada in terms of what has been shown to be high impact as well as high creativity. This project looks at knowledge non-profits in the injury prevention sector in Canada by using the survey validated in Forces for Good research and characteristics of creativity and change leadership

Optimal concentration of organic solvents to be used in the broth microdilution method to determine the antimicrobial activity of natural products against Paenibacillus larvae

American Foulbrood (AFB) is a bacterial disease, caused by Paenibacillus larvae, that affects honeybees (Apis mellifera). Alternative strategies to control AFB are based on the treatment of the beehives with antimicrobial natural substances such as extracts, essential oils and/or pure compounds from plants, honey by-products, bacteria and moulds. The broth microdilution method is currently one of the most widely used methods to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a substance. In this regard, the fact that most natural products, due to their lipophilic nature, must be dissolved in organic solvents or their aqueous mixtures is an issue of major concern because the organic solvent becomes part of the dilution in the incubation medium, and therefore, can interfere with bacterial viability depending on its nature and concentration. A systematic study was carried out to determine by the broth microdilution method the MIC and the maximum non inhibitory concentration (MNIC) against P. larvae of the most common organic solvents used to extract or dissolve natural products, i.e. ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, n-butanol, dimethylsulfoxide, and acidified hydromethanolic solutions. From the MIC and MNIC for each organic solvent, recommended maximum concentrations in contact with P. larvae were established: DMSO 5% (v/v), acetonitrile 7.5% (v/v), ethanol 7.5% (v/v), methanol 12% (v/v), n-butanol 1% (v/v), and methanol-water-acetic acid (1.25:98.71:0.04, v/v/v).Fil: Cugnata, Noelia Melina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Guaspari, Elisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Pellegrini, María Celeste. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Fuselli, Sandra Rosa. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; ArgentinaFil: Alonso Salces, Rosa Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología; Argentin

A misura di test. Neuroscienze ed elemento psicologico del reato

The essay provides a critical analysis of a particular use of aIAT test (Autobiographical Implicit Association Test) in courtroom. aIAT test was developed almost ten years ago by Giuseppe Sartori and his team, in order to detect implicit memories of past autobiographical events. Despite some severe criticism, the aIAT test has already been used in different trials to detect genuine memories. Recently, it has been suggested that the aIAT test could be a helpful and reliable tool in order to establish what the Italian criminal law defines the psychological element of crime. This essay aims to show that this possible use of the test implies a radical transformation of the juridical categories at stake, both from an ontological and an epistemological point of view. The labelling of the test as a \uabneuroscientific technique\ubb provided by Sartori is also discussed. // Il saggio propone un\u2019analisi critica di un peculiare impiego forense del test aIAT. Sviluppato circa un decennio fa da Giuseppe Sartori e collaboratori per vagliare il ricordo autobiografico implicito, nonostante sia stato oggetto di aspre critiche \ue8 gi\ue0 stato impiegato in diversi procedimenti penali. Da ultimo, \ue8 stato proposto un suo diverso utilizzo in ambito forense, come strumento tecnico per l\u2019accertamento dell\u2019elemento soggettivo del reato. L\u2019intento \ue8 di far vedere come questo impiego del test implichi una rideterminazione delle categorie giuridiche in esame, tanto sotto il profilo ontologico quanto sotto quello epistemologico. In sede di conclusione, ne viene anche discussa la qualifica di \uabtecnica neuroscientifica\ubb

Man’s Great Dilemma and God’s Greater Provision: The Doctrine of Justification and its Necessary Role as the Foundation for Understanding Romans 6

All of mankind faces a great dilemma, whether they realize it or not, regarding their state of depravity in sin. No man could ever devise a solution for the problem; even great philosophers have been stumped over how a righteous God could possibly save sinners. Yet God’s answer to man’s dilemma is the death of Christ, whereby He has made the way to declare man righteous while remaining righteous Himself. The marvelous truths presented in Romans go even further to reveal that not only has righteousness been provided, but those who have been identified in the death and resurrection of Jesus also share in His new life and are free from the power of sin that once ensnared them (Romans 6). Thus, Paul presents within the epistle of Romans a detailed revelation of man’s depravity, God’s salvation, and the call to walk in the righteousness that the justified have received through faith in the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ

A potential role of tannins in the control of American Foulbrood

Aim of study: to evaluate the use of tannins extracts in the control of the American Foulbroodpathology; and investigated if these extracts present levels of toxicity on Apis melliferaArea of study: Paenibacillus larvae Strains C1 and C2 were from Balcarce, province ofBuenos Aires (37°52?S-58°15?W), strain C6 from Rio Cuarto, in Cordoba province(33°08′00″S 64°21′00″O) and strain C9 from Concordia in Entre Rios province(31°23′32″S 58°01′01″O). Bees larvae used for toxicological assays were collected in SantaPaula experimental apiary, Mar del Plata (National Route 226, Km 10, Argentina)(37°55′48″S 57°40′59″O), belonging to the Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS- IIPROSAM) from UNMdP.Material and methods: The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 5 different tanninextracts were obtained by agar diffusion method on four P. larvae strains; using the MICvalue, the toxicity test on Apis mellifera larvae was performed afterwards.Main results: The MIC value presented a range of 6.9 to 898.6 µg/mL; and three tanninextracts do not present toxicity against bee larvae. Once the test was finished, the larvae fedwith the extracts that did not show toxicity, showed a significant increase in weight. Research highlights: The tanning extracts show a good antimicrobial activity against bee larvae.Fil: Giménez Martínez, Pablo Darian. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones En Produccion, Sanidad y Ambiente. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones En Produccion, Sanidad y Ambiente.; ArgentinaFil: Maggi, Matías Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones En Produccion, Sanidad y Ambiente. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones En Produccion, Sanidad y Ambiente.; ArgentinaFil: Fuselli, Sandra Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones En Produccion, Sanidad y Ambiente. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones En Produccion, Sanidad y Ambiente.; Argentin

Case 6 : On the Road to Change: The Difficulties of Evaluating Social Marketing Campaigns in Public Health

Parachute is an injury-prevention charity that has started the implementation of the Vision Zero Network to address road safety in Canada. Vision Zero aims to reduce fatalities or serious injuries on the road to zero through advocacy for policy change and road infrastructure. A large part of these goals will be accomplished through a social marketing campaign that provides resources (e.g. educational information) through a Vision Zero website and social media account (Twitter). As a registered charity, Parachute relies on funding from stakeholders to sustain its programs. Consequently, Parachute must prove to stakeholders that its initiatives have contributed to change and are worth the investment. Aiden Norman, the manager of the Vision Zero project, has been assigned the task of rolling out the social marketing campaign and ensuring the effectiveness of its resources. Aiden must determine if Parachute’s Vision Zero social marketing campaign can lead to changes in public perception, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in regard to road safety. To accomplish this task Aiden must conduct an evaluation of the Vision Zero resources and their impact. The Parachute management team has a gold-standard evaluation method in mind yet lacks the resources and funding to employ the technique. How will Aiden evaluate the effectiveness of the social marketing campaign on a limited budget without compromising on quality? The goal of this case is to apply theories of behaviour change and evaluation techniques for social marketing campaigns in public health to develop a suitable, context-specific evaluation plan for Vision Zero

Inhibitory action of essential oils against proteases activity of Paenibacillus larvae, the etiological agent of American Foulbrood disease

American foulbrood (AFB) is a disease affecting the larva of Apis mellifera. The etiological agent is Paenibacillus larvae, which releases metalloproteases involved in the degradation of larval tissues. Through quorum sensing (QS) mechanism, bacteria are able to activate specific genes such as virulence factors. The exoproteases regulation of P. larvae could be associated with QS. A promising mechanism of AFB control is to block QS mechanism with essential oils (EO). The aim of this study was to investigate the potential presence of QS signals in the regulation of P. larvae proteases and the effect of seven EOs on the exoproteases activity of P. larvae. From growth curves and evaluation of the presence of proteases by milk agar plates assay, it was observed protease activity during the late exponential phase of growth. Early production of protease activity (15 hours earlier than control) was observed when a low density culture was incubated with late exponential spent medium (SM) suggesting the presence of factor(s) inducing this activity. SM was obtained by the ultrafiltration of P. larvae cultures on late growth phase and was free of proteases. Proteolytic activity was quantified on P. larvae cultures in presence of sublethal concentration of EO by azocasein method. The EOs, except S. chilensis EO, reduced significantly protease activity (more than 50%). We report for the first time evidence on the possible role of QS on P. larvae and the antiproteolytic activity of EOs (except for S. chilensis) on exoproteases, an interesting therapeutic strategy to control AFB