Introduction – Southeyan correspondences

No abstract available

Introduction – Southeyan correspondences

No abstract available

Romantic Hybridity and Historical Poetics: Lyricization and the Elegiac

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.This essay engages Historical Poetics in two ways. First, it takes issue with the grand narrative of lyricization as expressed in The Princeton Encyclopedia entry on Lyric, suggesting that its authors project a bias of mid-twentieth century academic critics backwards in time so that it becomes, in their account, an inexorable, if unfortunate, development of the literary history of the last 250 years. This “development,” I show, fails to account for Romantic poetics’ characteristic embrace of hybridity; it also reinforces a divide between “lyric” as a high-culture form and lyric as part of the popular song tradition—neglecting its social and communal aspects. Against the narrative of “lyricization,” I put two instances: first Southey’s hybrid long poems, with their metrical and formal defamiliarization of the normal author/reader relationship; second Wordsworth’s late elegiac poems. What, I ask, does the lyrical tradition look like if we instead consider it as a retrospective elegization—seventeenth-century poems being effectively linked by their formal and verbal adaptation in Wordsworth’s poetry of mourning? It looks, I conclude, less like the subjective, inward confiding of feeling by speaker to listener than “lyricization” contends: elegization produces an imagistic poetic of distilled detachment that is more succinct and more social. Approaching Victorian and Modernist poetry as elegization, in Romanticism’s wake, allows us to focus on formal characteristics that “lyricization,” if accepted as historical fact, prevents us from seeking out. Thus, even the confessional lyrics of Tennyson, Housman and Hardy benefit from being viewed as post-Wordsworthian elegizations: their relationship to Romanticism better understood than by “lyricization.

Book Reviews

The following publications have been reviewed by the authors;Projects & Investigations for Advanced Physics - reviewed by Tim HicksonWords, Science and Leaning - reviewed by Andrea PriceInteractions: Hotels - reviewed by Christine TwistletonTeaching Design and Technology - reviewed by David DickinsonWorking Technology - reviewed by Tim Fulfor

Reviews

The following publications have been reviewed by the mentioned authors;Design and technology education exhibition  - reviewed by John EgglestonProject 2045 - The Design CouncilBeginning Teaching: Beginning Learning - reviewed by Bridget A. EganThe World of Chocolate - reviewed by Richard AgerSteel & Motorways Curriculum Pack - reviewed by Robert BowenDesign and Technology in Action Teacher's pack - reviewed by Robert Bowenthings: thinking things through with 7-11 year olds - reviewed by Marion RutlandD&T Challenges - reviewed by Tim FulfordSTEP Key Stage 3 Teacher's Handbook 2nd Ed. - reviewed by John HansonDesign and Technology Projects for Secondary Schools - reviewed by George Asquith

Minimal-medication approaches to treating schizophrenia

UK guidelines for treating people diagnosed with schizo phrenia currently emphasise the primacy of antipsychotic medication, with or without psycho-socially based interventions as circumstances dictate. We now see increasing calls, most notably from mental health service users, for the provision of ‘whole-person-based’, minimal-medication approaches to treating people with this diagnosis. This article is intended to locate the development of such approaches within the history of modern and pre-modern psychiatry and, in doing so, summarise the available evidence base that underpins their efficacy

Why the idea of framework propositions cannot contribute to an understanding of delusions

One of the tasks that recent philosophy of psychiatry has taken upon itself is to extend the range of understanding to some of those aspects of psychopathology that Jaspers deemed beyond its limits. Given the fundamental difficulties of offering a literal interpretation of the contents of primary delusions, a number of alternative strategies have been put forward including regarding them as abnormal versions of framework propositions described by Wittgenstein in On Certainty. But although framework propositions share some of the apparent epistemic features of primary delusions, their role in partially constituting the sense of inquiry rules out their role in helping to understand delusions

The effect of the stromal component of breast tumours on prediction of clinical outcome using gene expression microarray analysis

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the cellular composition of biopsies on the error rates of multigene predictors of response of breast tumours to neoadjuvant adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC) chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Core biopsies were taken from primary breast tumours of 43 patients prior to AC, and subsequent clinical response was recorded. Post-chemotherapy (day 21) samples were available for 16 of these samples. Frozen sections of each core were used to estimate the proportion of invasive cancer and other tissue components at three levels. Transcriptional profiling was performed using a cDNA array containing 4,600 elements. RESULTS: Twenty-three (53%) patients demonstrated a 'good' and 20 (47%) a 'poor' clinical response. The percentage invasive tumour in core biopsies collected from these patients varied markedly. Despite this, agglomerative clustering of sample expression profiles showed that almost all biopsies from the same tumour aggregated as nearest neighbours. SAM (significance analysis of microarrays) regression analysis identified 144 genes which distinguished high- and low-percentage invasive tumour biopsies at a false discovery rate of not more than 5%. The misclassification error of prediction of clinical response using microarray data from pre-treatment biopsies (on leave-one-out cross-validation) was 28%. When prediction was performed on subsets of samples which were more homogeneous in their proportions of malignant and stromal cells, the misclassification error was considerably lower (8%–13%, p < 0.05 on permutation). CONCLUSION: The non-tumour content of breast cancer samples has a significant effect on gene expression profiles. Consideration of this factor improves accuracy of response prediction by expression array profiling. Future gene expression array prediction studies should be planned taking this into account