Distribution of halogens in an Antarctic ordinary chondrite, Y-74014 (H6)

One of the striking features in Antarctic meteorites is overabundances of halogens, especially iodine. In order to investigate how these halogens are distributed in constituent mineral phases of Antarctic chondrites, the outer portion of Yamato (Y)-74014 H6 chondrite (Y-74014,101) was subjected to fractional dissolution using several solutions with different chemical properties. Pulverized meteorite sample was successively leached by acetone, (hot) water, EDTA and nitric acid, and individual leachates as well as the acid residue were analyzed for halogens by neutron activation analysis. About 10% of iodine was recovered in acetone whereas only less than 2% of Cl and Br are leached, suggesting that overabundant iodine is partly present in the form of acetone-soluble, possibly organic compound. Dissolution patterns of Cl and I with water are similar to each other. This implies that contaminated Cl and I both reside in a common phase, presumably in akaganeite, a corrosion product of Fe-Ni alloy with chlorine attracted from the environment. Either iodine was involved in this mineral when corrosion reaction occurred or iodine was later migrated into the mineral by exchanging with Cl^- and/or OH^-. For the chronological studies using long-lived nuclides such as ^Cl and ^I, it is essential to use indigenous halogens in meteorites. For such purposes, the acid-residual fraction can be used even for Antarctic meteorites having overabundant halogens. In addition, Cl, Br and I contents in bulk Allende and Bruderheim chondrites are also obtained in this study and their abundances are briefly discussed

ジュディス バトラー ニ オケル スピノザ ノ ユクエ ゲ コナトゥス カラ トク ヘ

ジュディス・バトラーにとって、スピノザは重要な思想家である。実際、バトラーは『ジェンダーをほどく』（2004年）で「スピノザのコナトゥスは私自身の作品の核心でありつづけている」（Butler 2004, 198）と述べている。それでは、いかなる意味でスピノザのコナトゥスはバトラーの哲学の「核心」にあるのか。本論文は、前回の論文「ジュディス・バトラーにおけるスピノザの行方（上）―「社会存在論」への道」に引き続きこの問題を考察するものであり、とりわけバトラーの「倫理学」に焦点を当てて探求するものである。私たちはこれらの考察の結果、バトラーの倫理学においてコナトゥスが基盤的な役割を担っていること、また、スピノザの徳がバトラーの考える倫理のモチーフのひとつであることを見出すことになるだろう。For Judith Butler, Spinoza is the most important philosopher. Indeed, Butler said in Undoing Gender(2004)“the Spinozan conatus remains at the core of my own work”(Butler 2004, 198). This paper tries to elucidate the meaning of the Spinozan conatus in Butler’s philosophy, focusing especially on her ethical philosophy. In consequence, we can find that conatus in Buyler's philosophy, focusing especially on her ethical philosophy of Butler, and that Spinoza's virtue is a hidden motif of her ethics

The Melancholy of Hegelian Subject : Judith Butler’s Reading of Hegel in Subjects of Desire

ジュディス・バトラーは『ジェンダー・トラブル―フェミニズムとアイデンティティの転覆』(1990年)の出版によってフェミニスト／クィア理論家として知られ、またその思想はポスト構造主義に連なるものとして理解されている。しかし、バトラーの思想的バックグラウンドはヘーゲル哲学にある。バトラーのキャリアはヘーゲル哲学研究に始まり、へーゲル哲学を扱った彼女の博士論文は一九八七年に『欲望の主体―二〇世紀フランスにおけるヘーゲル哲学の影響』として出版されることになる。この意味で、「バトラーのへーゲル主義」は彼女の思想を理解する上で欠くことのできない視角である。したがって、『欲望の主体』におけるバトラーのヘーゲル解釈がどのようなものであり、それが『ジェンダー・トラブル』以後のバトラー自身の思想にどのような影響を与えたのかが考察されなければならない。そこで本稿では、バトラーの『欲望の主体』を中心に「バトラーのへーゲル主義」を考察する。第一節から第三節では、バトラーが描く「へーゲル的主体」とは何かを明らかにする。第四節では、バトラーが提示した「ヘーゲル的主体」がメランコリーの構造をもつものであることを論証する。それによって、初期のへーゲル論と『ジェンダー・トラブル』以後のメランコリー論の架橋を図りたい。Judith Butler is well known as a feminist and queer theorist. Also, her thought is understood to have been infl uenced by poststructuralism. However, her philosophical background also includes Hegelian philosophy. Indeed, her academic career started from a study of Hegel, which was published as Subjects of Desire: Hegelian Refl ections in 20th Century France (1987). In this sense, it can be said that Hegelianism is an indispensable to comprehending her thought. Thus, we must elucidate how Butler interprets Hegel, and how her Hegelian background is linked to her own theory from Gender Trouble (1990) on. Therefore, this article examines Butler’s Hegelianism, focusing on a reading of Subjects of Desire. From the fi rst to third sections, I clarify the “Hegelian subject” Butler describes in Subjects of Desire. In the fourth section, I prove that the Hegelian subject is structuralized by melancholy. Through these discussions, I would like to suggest a connection between Butler’s early work on Hegel and her theory of melancholy after Gender Trouble

大学サッカー選手における第5中足骨疲労骨折の発生因子

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of fifth metatarsal stress fractures remains uncertain. HYPOTHESIS: Physical characteristics and environmental factors, which have received limited attention in the literature thus far, might be involved in the development of fifth metatarsal stress fractures. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: To test the study hypothesis, a medical examination and survey of the living environment of collegiate soccer players was conducted and correlated with the existence of fifth metatarsal stress fractures. The survey and measurements were conducted in 273 male athletes from the same college soccer team between 2005 and 2013. A medical examination comprising assessment of stature, body weight, body mass index, foot-arch height ratio, toe-grip strength, quadriceps angle, leg-heel angle, functional reach test, single-leg standing time with eyes closed, straight-leg raise angle, finger-floor distance, heel-buttock distance, ankle joint range of motion, and a general joint laxity test were performed once a year, along with a questionnaire survey. The survey was also repeated when a fifth metatarsal stress fracture was diagnosed. The study participants were separated into a fifth metatarsal stress fracture injury group and a noninjury group. The measurement items and survey items were compared, and the association between the factors and the presence or absence of injuries was analyzed. RESULTS: Toe-grip strength was significantly weaker in the injury group compared with the noninjury group, suggesting that weak toe-grip is associated with fifth metatarsal stress fracture (P < .05). In addition, fifth metatarsal stress fractures were more common in the nondominant leg (P < .05). Between-group comparisons of the other items showed no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: The association between weak toe-grip strength and fifth metatarsal fracture suggests that weak toe-grip may lead to an increase in the load applied onto the lateral side of the foot, resulting in stress fracture. The finding of stress fracture being more common in the nondominant leg needs further study.博士（医学）・甲第660号・平成28年11月24日© The Author(s) 2015 : This open-access article is published and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - No Derivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/), which permits the noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction of the article in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this article without the permission of the Author(s). For reprints and permission queries, please visit SAGE’s Web site at http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav