867 research outputs found
Van der Waals effects on grazing incidence fast atom diffraction for H/LiF(001)
We theoretically address grazing incidence fast atom diffraction (GIFAD) for
H atoms impinging on a LiF(001) surface. Our model combines a description of
the H-LiF(001) interaction obtained from Density Functional Theory calculations
with a semi-quantum treatment of the dynamics. We analyze simulated diffraction
patterns in terms of the incidence channel, the impact energy associated with
the motion normal to the surface, and the relevance of Van der Waals (VdW)
interactions. We then contrast our simulations with experimental patterns for
different incidence conditions. Our most important finding is that, for normal
energies lower than 0.5 eV and incidence along the channel, the inclusion
of Van der Waals interactions in our potential energy surface yields a greatly
improved accord between simulations and experiments. This agreement strongly
suggests a non-negligible role of Van der Waals interactions in H/LiF(001)
GIFAD in the low-to-intermediate normal energy regime
What Is Alcohol per Capita Consumption of Adults Telling us about Drinking and Smoking among Adolescents? A Population-Based Study across 68 Countries
Aims: To investigate whether recorded alcohol per capita consumption of adults could be linked with alcohol drinking and smoking among adolescents. Methods: Adult alcohol per capita has been plotted graphically together with the prevalence of current drinking and smoking among adolescents. Results: Across all 68 countries, a highly statistically significant correlation was detected, indicating a linear relationship. Conclusion: Countries which are high in alcohol per capita consumption among adults need to pay heightened attention to alcohol and tobacco use among the younger populatio
What Is Alcohol per Capita Consumption of Adults Telling us about Drinking and Smoking among Adolescents? A Population-Based Study across 68 Countries
Aims: To investigate whether recorded alcohol per capita consumption of adults could be linked with alcohol drinking and smoking among adolescents. Methods: Adult alcohol per capita has been plotted graphically together with the prevalence of current drinking and smoking among adolescents. Results: Across all 68 countries, a highly statistically significant correlation was detected, indicating a linear relationship. Conclusion: Countries which are high in alcohol per capita consumption among adults need to pay heightened attention to alcohol and tobacco use among the younger populatio
L-H transition dynamics in fluid turbulence simulations with neoclassical force balance
Spontaneous transport barrier generation at the edge of a magnetically
confined plasma is investigated. To this end, a model of electrostatic
turbulence in three-dimensional geometry is extended to account for the impact
of friction between trapped and passing particles on the radial electric field.
Non-linear flux-driven simulations are carried out, and it is shown that
considering the radial and temporal variations of the neoclassical friction
coefficients allows for a transport barrier to be generated above a threshold
of the input power
Electrokinetic behavior of two touching inhomogeneous biological cells and colloidal particles: Effects of multipolar interactions
We present a theory to investigate electro-kinetic behavior, namely,
electrorotation and dielectrophoresis under alternating current (AC) applied
fields for a pair of touching inhomogeneous colloidal particles and biological
cells. These inhomogeneous particles are treated as graded ones with physically
motivated model dielectric and conductivity profiles. The mutual polarization
interaction between the particles yields a change in their respective dipole
moments, and hence in the AC electrokinetic spectra. The multipolar
interactions between polarized particles are accurately captured by the
multiple images method. In the point-dipole limit, our theory reproduces the
known results. We find that the multipolar interactions as well as the spatial
fluctuations inside the particles can affect the AC electrokinetic spectra
significantly.Comment: Revised version with minor changes: References added and discussion
extende
Comparative effectiveness of total population versus disease-specific neural network models in predicting medical costs
The objective of this research was to compare the accuracy of two types of neural networks in identifying individuals at risk for high medical costs for three chronic conditions. Two neural network models—a population model and three disease-specific models—were compared regarding effectiveness predicting high costs. Subjects included 33,908 health plan members with diabetes, 19,264 with asthma, and 2,605 with cardiac conditions. For model development/testing, only members with 24 months of continuous enrollment were included. Models were developed to predict probability of high costs in 2000 (top 15% of distribution) based on 1999 claims factors. After validation, models were applied to 2000 claims factors to predict probability of high 2001 costs. Each member received two scores—population model score applied to cohort and disease model score. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves compared sensitivity, specificity, and total performance of population model and three disease models. Diabetes-specific model accuracy, C = 0.786 (95%CI = 0.779–0.794), was greater than that of population model applied to diabetic cohort, C = 0.767 (0.759–0.775). Asthma-specific model accuracy, C = 0.835 (0.825–0.844), was no different from that of population model applied to asthma cohort, C = 0.844 (0.835–0.853). Cardiac-specific model accuracy, C = 0.651 (0.620–0.683), was lower than that of population model applied to cardiac cohort, C = 0.726 (0.697–0.756). The population model predictive power, compared to the disease model predictive power, varied by disease; in general, the larger the cohort, the greater the advantage in predictive power of the disease model compared to the population model. Given these findings, disease management program staff should test multiple approaches before implementing predictive models. (Disease Management 2005;8:277–287
Transverse electrokinetic and microfluidic effects in micro-patterned channels: lubrication analysis for slab geometries
Off-diagonal (transverse) effects in micro-patterned geometries are predicted
and analyzed within the general frame of linear response theory, relating
applied presure gradient and electric field to flow and electric current. These
effects could contribute to the design of pumps, mixers or flow detectors.
Shape and charge density modulations are proposed as a means to obtain sizeable
transverse effects, as demonstrated by focusing on simple geometries and using
the lubrication approximation.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
First-Principles Approach to Electrorotation Assay
We have presented a theoretical study of electrorotation assay based on the
spectral representation theory. We consider unshelled and shelled spheroidal
particles as an extension to spherical ones. From the theoretical analysis, we
find that the coating can change the characteristic frequency at which the
maximum rotational angular velocity occurs. The shift in the characteristic
frequency is attributed to a change in the dielectric properties of the
bead-coating complex with respect to those of the uncoated particles. By
adjusting the dielectric properties and the thickness of the coating, it is
possible to obtain good agreement between our theoretical predictions and the
assay data.Comment: 17 pages, 4 eps figures; minor revisions, accepted for publications
by J. Phys.: Condens. Matte
The effect of Coulomb interaction at ferromagnetic-paramagnetic metallic perovskite junctions
We study the effect of Coulomb interactions in transition metal oxides
junctions. In this paper we analyze charge transfer at the interface of a three
layer ferromagnetic-paramagnetic-ferromagnetic metallic oxide system. We choose
a charge model considering a few atomic planes within each layer and obtain
results for the magnetic coupling between the ferromagnetic layers. For large
number of planes in the paramagnetic spacer we find that the coupling
oscillates with the same period as in RKKY but the amplitude is sensitive to
the Coulomb energy. At small spacer thickness however, large differences may
appear as function of : the number of electrons per atom in the ferromagnetics
and paramagnetics materials, the dielectric constant at each component, and the
charge defects at the interface plane emphasizing the effects of charge
transfer.Comment: tex file and 7 figure
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