What are the factors that contribute to the development of sexual dysfunction in breastfeeding women? A systematic scoping review protocol

Introduction Female sexual dysfunction is a public health problem. Evidence suggests that the population of nursing women is more vulnerable to the phenomenon due to breast feeding. Thus, this protocol was developed to explore the factors that contribute to the development of sexual dysfunction in breastfeeding women. Methods and analysis The systematic scoping review will be conducted in six stages, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses Protocols. The databases used will be: PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The searches were made until 1 June 2018, and no retrospective time limit was used. For the organisation of the literature retrieved from the databases, the EndNote Basic manager will be used. The Cochrane model will be used for the data extraction. The analysis of the quantitative data will be carried out through descriptive statistics and the qualitative data will be submitted to thematic analysis. The methodological quality of the empirical studies will be evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Ethics and dissemination As it will be a review study, without human involvement, there will be no need for ethical approval. The results will be disseminated in a scientific journal, as well as in various media, such as: conferences, seminars, congresses or symposia.This research was funded by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CAPES/CNPq), processes numbers 9243143 and 9191134

Ciudad y habitación imperfecta: hoteles en chaflanes del ensanche de Barcelona

Màster universitari en Estudis Avançats en Arquitectura: Projecte. Procés i ProgramacióLa primera crujía de habitaciones de los hoteles de la colección se solapa inevitablemente con la excepción del Ensanche de Barcelona, el chaflán Cerdà. De esta relación entre programa y ciudad decanta la singular habitación de la esquina

Interior-exterior en arquitectura

(English) The purpose of the doctoral thesis is to study interior spaces - built in the old tradition of closed and contrasted architecture – relativized in their interior condition. In the classical opacity and the difference between the inside and the outside, we find a different relationship to the so-called "fluid space" of modernity, between the interior and the exterior condition. The first part approaches a conceptual definition of the topic, understanding the interior-exterior as the construction of an interior and, simultaneously, an exterior experience, of opposite tendency in the intimacy of confinement. Reviewing from the intemperie, that manufactures the intrusion of atmospheric phenomena in the enclosed space, to a more unprejudiced and heterogeneous way of understanding the interior as exterior. The body of the thesis is divided into three maps (or parts) that grasp the interior-exterior from an independent point of view, studying the treatment of its limits, but with the constraint of always beginning the story in Mediterranean interiors, to continue in Germany, and culminate mainly in the architecture of Nordic neoclassicism in Sweden and Denmark. Together, they make up the observatory proposed by the Thesis, overlapping in a single cartography that follows the reverse orientation left by the displacements of Northern European architects to the classical world. Within each map, the interiors are ordered according to two simultaneous criteria: firstly, a thematic perspective. And, secondly, a geographical disposition with a northerly direction. The interiors are progressively linked to explain the proposed argument and each interior space presupposes the explanation of the previous one. Moreover, the three maps follow a sequential order, although each one has enough individual nature for non-linear reading. The first map revisits the maximum exteriority that defines the symbol of contained universal space and the vertical tendency of the enclosure, finding its revelation in the infinite staircase. The second map traces the dome and the tent in the romantic garden, both suspended within traditional roofs, hidden among trees of picturesque outdoor promenades. Finally, the third map explores inductively the things, inventorying elements that, placed inside, relativize the interior and approach the ambiguity of an internal landscape. The winter climate conditions the architecture of Northern Europe and the need for covering establishes a dialectical relationship with the exterior experience and also with the repetition and interpretation of the admired classical interiors, increasing, by contrast, the exterior condition of its interiors.Postprint (published version

Interior-exterior en arquitectura

(English) The purpose of the doctoral thesis is to study interior spaces - built in the old tradition of closed and contrasted architecture – relativized in their interior condition. In the classical opacity and the difference between the inside and the outside, we find a different relationship to the so-called "fluid space" of modernity, between the interior and the exterior condition. The first part approaches a conceptual definition of the topic, understanding the interior-exterior as the construction of an interior and, simultaneously, an exterior experience, of opposite tendency in the intimacy of confinement. Reviewing from the intemperie, that manufactures the intrusion of atmospheric phenomena in the enclosed space, to a more unprejudiced and heterogeneous way of understanding the interior as exterior. The body of the thesis is divided into three maps (or parts) that grasp the interior-exterior from an independent point of view, studying the treatment of its limits, but with the constraint of always beginning the story in Mediterranean interiors, to continue in Germany, and culminate mainly in the architecture of Nordic neoclassicism in Sweden and Denmark. Together, they make up the observatory proposed by the Thesis, overlapping in a single cartography that follows the reverse orientation left by the displacements of Northern European architects to the classical world. Within each map, the interiors are ordered according to two simultaneous criteria: firstly, a thematic perspective. And, secondly, a geographical disposition with a northerly direction. The interiors are progressively linked to explain the proposed argument and each interior space presupposes the explanation of the previous one. Moreover, the three maps follow a sequential order, although each one has enough individual nature for non-linear reading. The first map revisits the maximum exteriority that defines the symbol of contained universal space and the vertical tendency of the enclosure, finding its revelation in the infinite staircase. The second map traces the dome and the tent in the romantic garden, both suspended within traditional roofs, hidden among trees of picturesque outdoor promenades. Finally, the third map explores inductively the things, inventorying elements that, placed inside, relativize the interior and approach the ambiguity of an internal landscape. The winter climate conditions the architecture of Northern Europe and the need for covering establishes a dialectical relationship with the exterior experience and also with the repetition and interpretation of the admired classical interiors, increasing, by contrast, the exterior condition of its interiors.(Español) El objetivo de la tesis doctoral es estudiar los espacios interiores, construidos en la antigua tradición de la arquitectura cerrada y contrastad, relativizados en su condición interior. En la opacidad clásica y la diferencia entre el interior y el exterior, encontramos una relación diferente al llamado "espacio fluido" de la modernidad, entre el interior con la condición exterior. La primera parte se acerca a una definición conceptual del tema, entendiendo el interior-exterior como la construcción de un interior y, simultáneamente la experiencia exterior de tendencia opuesta en la intimidad del encierro. Revisando desde la intemperie que fabrica la intrusión de los fenómenos atmosféricos en un espacio cerrado, hasta una manera más desprejuiciada y heterogénea de entender el interior como exterior. El cuerpo de la tesis se divide en tres mapas (o partes) que interpretan el interior-exterior desde un enfoque independiente estudiando el tratamiento de los límites que lo configuran, pero con la constricción de comenzar siempre el relato en interiores mediterráneos para continuar en Alemania y culminar, principalmente en la arquitectura del neoclasicismo nórdico de Suecia y Dinamarca. En conjunto componen el observatorio que propone la Tesis, superponiéndose en una sola cartografía que sigue la orientación inversa que dejaron los desplazamientos de los arquitectos del norte de Europa al mundo clásico. Dentro de cada mapa, los interiores se ordenan siguiendo simultáneamente dos criterios: en primer lugar, una perspectiva temática. Y, en segundo lugar, una de disposición geográfica con dirección norte. Los interiores se enlazan progresivamente para explicar el argumento propuesto y cada espacio interior presupone la explicación del anterior. Además, los tres mapas siguen un orden secuencial, aunque cada uno de ellos tiene el suficiente carácter individual para una lectura no lineal. El primer mapa revisa la máxima exterioridad que define el símbolo del espacio universal contenido y la tendencia vertical del recinto, encontrando su revelación en la escalera infinita. El segundo mapa rastrea la cúpula y la tienda en el jardín romántico, ambas suspendidas dentro de los techos tradicionales, ocultos entre los árboles de pintorescos paseos exteriores. Por último, el tercer mapa explora inductivamente las cosas, inventariando los elementos que, colocados dentro, relativizan el interior y se acercan a la ambigüedad de un paisaje interior. El clima de invierno condiciona la arquitectura del norte de Europa y la necesidad de cubrición establece una relación dialéctica con la experiencia exterior y también con la repetición e interpretación de los interiores clásicos admirados, incrementando, con el contraste, la condición exterior de sus interiores.Projectes arquitectònic

Formation of H2\text{H}_{2} on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons under conditions of the ISM: an ab initio molecular dynamics study

Understanding how the $\mathrm{H}_2$ molecule is formed under the chemical conditions of the interstellar media (ISM) is critical to the whole chemistry of it. Formation of $\mathrm{H}_2$ in the ISM requires a third body acting as a reservoir of energy. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) are excellent candidates to play that role. In this work we simulated the collisions of hydrogen atoms with coronene to form $\mathrm{H}_2$ via the Eley-Rideal mechanism. To do so, we used Born-Oppenheimer (ab initio) Molecular Dynamics simulations. Our results show that that adsorption of H atoms and subsequent release of $\mathrm{H}_2$ readily happen on coronene for H atoms with kinetic energy as large as 1 eV. Special attention is paid to dissipation and partition of the energy released in the reactions. The capacity of coronene to dissipate collision and reaction energies depends varies with the reaction site. Inner sites dissipate energy easier and faster than edge sites, thus evidencing an interplay between the potential energy surface around the reaction center and its ability to cool the projectile. As for the the recombination of H atoms and the subsequent formation of $\mathrm{H}_{2}$, it is observed that $\sim 15\%$ of the energy is dissipated by the coronene molecule as vibrational energy and the remaining energy is carried by $\mathrm{H}_{2}$. The $\mathrm{H}_{2}$ molecules desorb from coronene with an excited vibrational state ($\upsilon \geq 3$), a large amount of translational kinetic energy ($\geq$ 0.4 eV) and with a small activation of the rotational degree of freedom.Comment: Accepted in MNRA

A lab-scale rotary kiln for thermal treatment of particulate materials under high concentrated solar radiation: Experimental assessment and transient numerical modeling

Rotary kilns are worldwide used for industrial processes that involve thermal treatments of particulate materials. However, a great amount of fossil fuels is employed in such processes. As alternative, solar rotary kilns are considered for this application due to their versatility and potential to substitute traditional fossil-fuel driven devices. In order to boost the development of this technology, efforts have to be focused on the control of the particle temperature during the treatment. In this context, a lab-scale rotary kiln was built and tested using a 7- kWe high-flux solar simulator at University of Antofagasta. It was conceived to treat particulate materials of different nature and it is able to reach temperatures higher than 800 °C under different operation strategies. Silicon carbide was selected for initial tests because it is inert, endures high temperatures (up to 1600 °C) and it has been proposed as thermal storage vector in several researches on concentrated solar power. In a first stage, the empty kiln was preheated up to about 800 °C, reaching a steady state in less than three hours and with a power of approximately 370 W entering the kiln cavity. Afterwards, 43 g of silicon carbide were introduced in the furnace and the system was heated again up to a second steady state above 800 °C. In this stage, particles showed a fast increment of their temperature and exceeded 700 °C in less than three minutes after loading. A one-dimensional transient numerical model was also developed to perform the thermal analysis of the kiln and the estimation of both the particle temperature and the system efficiency. Numerical results showed good agreement with experimental data and thermal losses could be quantified in detail. Therefore, the model was also used to predict the thermal behavior of a solar rotary kiln working in batch mode.The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the FONDECYT project number 3150026 of CONICYT (Chile), the Education Ministry of Chile Grant PMI ANT 1201, as well as CONICYT/ FONDAP/15110019 “Solar Energy Research Center” SERC-Chile. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Sectorial Fund CONACYT-SENER-Energy Sustainability, through grant 207450, Mexican Center for Innovation in Solar Energy (CeMIE-Sol), whithin strategic project P-10 “Solar Fuels and Industrial Processes” (COSOLpi). Special thanks go to the students Lou Cardinale, Rodrigo Méndez, and Daniel Vidal who gave a precious contribution during the experimental trials at LaCoSA of University of Antofagasta

Use of rotary kilns for solar thermal applications: Review of developed studies and analysis of their potential

Rotary kilns have a long history of use in classical industries. They are able to achieve high temperatures with higher thermal efficiencies than other reactor types. Their performance has been widely studied and classified according to different parameters. Since it is a well-known technology, rotary kilns have been selected for high temperature solar processes. This article initially presents a brief review of the rotary kiln technology and it focuses on the employment of these devices for thermal and thermochemical processes conducted by concentrating solar energy. Among the solar devices, a novel rotary kiln prototype for thermochemical processes is presented and compared with a static solar reactor. Finally, some practical conclusions on the design and operation of solar rotary kilns are remarked and an analysis of their main limitations is presented.The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the FONDECYT project number 3150026 of CONICYT (Chile), the Education Ministry of Chile Grant PMI ANT 1201, as well as CONICYT/FONDAP/ 15110019 ‘‘Solar Energy Research Center” SERC-Chile. Also, the second author wish to thank to the Plataforma Solar de Almería and the University of Almería for the collaboration and assistance devoted to the development of his Ph.D research

Uncovered interest parity and behavior of interest differentials

We analyze the relationship between exchange returns and interest rate differentials through Uncovered Interest Parity (UIP). We use a sample of 83 countries for 1980-2015 period, organizing the information into a panel data structure. The fixed-effects regressions show that the UIP is not fulfilled. However, we observe that the effect of interest rate differential on foreign exchange returns is non-linear. The non-linearity shape suggests that UIP have a lower bias in countries with high interest rate differentials, usually over 38%. Even quartiles regressions show that the positive relationship between exchange rate returns and interest rate differentials would be observed when these variables experience high variations. These results are relevant for monetary and exchange policies design and for investment decisions on exchange markets.(Paridad de tasas de interés y comportamiento de los diferenciales de tasas de interés)En este artículo analizamos la relación entre los retornos cambiarios y diferenciales de tasas de interés a través de la Paridad Descubierta de Tasas de Interés (UIP). Usamos panel de datos para 83 países entre 1980 y 2015. Las regresiones por efectos fijos demuestran que la UIP no se cumple, pero el impacto del diferencial de tasas de interés sobre los retornos cambiarios es no lineal. La forma de la no linealidad sugiere que la UIP es menos sesgada en países con diferenciales de tasas de interés superiores al 38%. Las regresiones por cuartiles demuestran que la relación positiva entre los retornos cambiarios y los diferenciales de tasas de interés se observaría cuando estas variables experimentan variaciones elevadas. Estos resultados son relevantes para el diseño de la política monetaria y cambiaria, y para decisiones de inversión en mercados cambiarios

Efeitos da propriedade estrangeira e das Normas Internacionais de Relato Financeiro no vencimento da dívida em empresas chilenas

The objective of this article is to determine the effects of foreign ownership and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on debt maturity in Chilean companies. The study uses a fractional response model (FRM) on 20,586 companies. The results show foreign ownership has a negative and non-linear effect. Foreign ownership in Chilean firms is a substitute control means in relation to long-term debt. IFRS reduces maturity in large companies and extends them in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). These results suggest it is more important for large firms to control agency conflicts, while it is more important for SMEs to reduce information asymmetry.El objetivo de este artículo es determinar los efectos de la propiedad extranjera y de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) sobre la madurez de la deuda en las empresas chilenas. En el estudio se utiliza un modelo de respuesta fraccional (MRF) sobre 20.586 empresas. Los resultados demuestran que la propiedad extranjera tiene un efecto negativo y no lineal, transformándose en un medio de control sustituto en relación con la deuda de largo plazo. Las NIIF reducen la madurez en empresas grandes y la extiende en las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pymes). Estos resultados sugieren que para las firmas grandes es más importante controlar conflictos de agencia, mientras que para las Pymes es más importante reducir las asimetrías de información.O objetivo deste artigo é determinar os efeitos da propriedade estrangeira e das Normas Internacionais de Relato Financeiro (IFRS) no ven- cimento da dívida em empresas chilenas. O estudo utiliza um Modelo de Resposta Fracionária (MRF) em 20.586 empresas. Os resultados mostram que a propriedade estrangeira tem efeito negativo e não linear, tornando-se um meio de controle substituto em relação à dívida de longo prazo. O IFRS reduz a maturidade em grandes empresas e as estende em Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PMEs). Esses resultados sugerem que, para grandes empresas, é mais importante controlar conflitos entre agências, enquanto para as PMEs é mais importante reduzir as assimetrias de informações