LL-fuzzy ideal degrees in effect algebras

summary:In this paper, considering $L$ being a completely distributive lattice, we first introduce the concept of $L$-fuzzy ideal degrees in an effect algebra $E$, in symbol $\mathfrak{D}_{ei}$. Further, we characterize $L$-fuzzy ideal degrees by cut sets. Then it is shown that an $L$-fuzzy subset $A$ in $E$ is an $L$-fuzzy ideal if and only if $\mathfrak{D}_{ei}(A)=\top,$ which can be seen as a generalization of fuzzy ideals. Later, we discuss the relations between $L$-fuzzy ideals and cut sets ($L_{\beta}$-nested sets and $L_{\alpha}$-nested sets). Finally, we obtain that the $L$-fuzzy ideal degree is an $(L,L)$-fuzzy convexity. The morphism between two effect algebras is an $(L,L)$-fuzzy convexity-preserving mapping

Fuzzy bases and the fuzzy dimension of fuzzy vector spaces

In this paper, new definitions of a fuzzy basis and a fuzzy dimension for a fuzzy vector space are presented. A fuzzy basis for a fuzzy vector space $(E,mu)$ is a fuzzy set $beta$ on $E$. The cardinality of a fuzzy basis $beta$ is called the fuzzy dimension of $(E,mu)$. The fuzzy dimension of a finite dimensional fuzzy vector space is a fuzzy natural number. For a fuzzy vector space, any two fuzzy bases have the same cardinality. If $widetilde{E}_1$ and $widetilde{E}_2$ are two fuzzy vector spaces, then $dim(widetilde{E}_1+widetilde{E}_2)+dim(widetilde{E}_1cap widetilde{E}_2)=dim(widetilde{E}_1) +dim(widetilde{E}_2)$ and $dim({widetilde{rm{ker }}f})+dim({widetilde{rm{im }}f})=dim(widetilde{E})$ hold without any restricted conditions. end{abstract

A New Approach to the Fuzzification of Convex Structures

A new approach to the fuzzification of convex structures is introduced. It is also called an M-fuzzifying convex structure. In the definition of M-fuzzifying convex structure, each subset can be regarded as a convex set to some degree. An M-fuzzifying convex structure can be characterized by means of its M-fuzzifying closure operator. An M-fuzzifying convex structure and its M-fuzzifying closure operator are one-to-one corresponding. The concepts of M-fuzzifying convexity preserving functions, substructures, disjoint sums, bases, subbases, joins, product, and quotient structures are presented and their fundamental properties are obtained in M-fuzzifying convex structure

A Search for Double-peaked narrow emission line Galaxies and AGNs in the LAMOST DR1

LAMOST has released more than two million spectra, which provide the opportunity to search for double-peaked narrow emission line (NEL) galaxies and AGNs. The double-peaked narrow-line profiles can be well modeled by two velocity components, respectively blueshifted and redshifted with respect to the systemic recession velocity. This paper presents 20 double-peaked NEL galaxies and AGNs found from LAMOST DR1 using a search method based on multi-gaussian fit of the narrow emission lines. Among them, 10 have already been published by other authors, either listed as genuine double-peaked NEL objects or as asymmetric NEL objects, the remaining 10 being first discoveries. We discuss some possible origins for double-peaked narrow-line features, as interaction between jet and narrow line regions, interaction with companion galaxies and black hole binaries. Spatially resolved optical imaging and/or follow-up observations in other spectral bands are needed to further discuss the physical mechanisms at work.Comment: 17 pages, 5figures, 4 tables, accepted by RA

Alendronate versus Raloxifene for Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis of Seven Head-to-Head Randomized Controlled Trials

Purpose. The aim of this study was to directly compare the efficacy and the safety of the two agents for postmenopausal women. Methods/Principal Findings. Electronic databases were searched for relevant articles that met our predefined inclusion criteria. Seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 4054 women were identified and included. Although Aln was more effective than Rlx in increasing bone mineral density (BMD), no statistical differences were observed in reducing the risk of neither vertebral fractures (P=0.45) nor nonvertebral fractures (P=0.87) up to two-year followup. Aln reduced the risk of vasomotor (P=0.006) but increased the risk of diarrhea compared to Rlx (P=0.01). Our subgroup analysis further indicated the difference between Aln and Rlx in fracture risk and was not materially altered by the administration pattern, the age. The weekly strategy of Aln would further reduce the upper gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and might gain more bone mass increment at lumbar spine compared to its daily treatment. Conclusion. There was no evidence of difference of fracture risk reduction between Aln and Rlx. In addition, age did not obviously influence their relative antifracture efficacy. For Aln the weekly strategy would further reduce the upper GI disorders and gain more bone mass increment compared to the daily treatment. During clinical decision making, the patients’ adherence and the related side-effects associated with both drugs should also be taken into account

Inverse Kinematics Obstacle Avoidance Solution for Industrial Robot Based on Quaternion - 基于四元数的工业机器人逆运动学避障求解

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, industrial robots are widely used in work scenarios such as gripping and handling. However, due to the complex inverse kinematics solution and the existence of multiple solutions for poses, the robot has poor robustness and its industrial application range is limited. To simplify the solving process of inverse kinematics of industrial robot and realize the accurate control of robot pose in complex obstacle scene, quaternion was used to solve the robot pose, and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (F-PSO) was proposed combined with obstacle avoidance module in this paper. Through the comparative experimental analysis with the simulated annealing algorithm (SA) and the genetic algorithm (GA) under different target poses, it was proved that the F-PSO algorithm performed better, and the convergence accuracy was more than 36.41% higher than that of the traditional algorithm. The F-PSO algorithm was more than 83.82% faster than the traditional algorithm. The experimental results showed that the F-PSO algorithm proposed in this paper can not only precisely control the pose of the robot, but also effectively improve the work efficiency and realize the optimization of the robot gripping process in the complex obstacle scene

Complete mitochondrial genomes of Taenia multiceps, T. hydatigena and T. pisiformis: additional molecular markers for a tapeworm genus of human and animal health significance

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mitochondrial genomes provide a rich source of molecular variation of proven and widespread utility in molecular ecology, population genetics and evolutionary biology. The tapeworm genus <it>Taenia </it>includes a diversity of tapeworm parasites of significant human and veterinary importance. Here we add complete sequences of the mt genomes of <it>T. multiceps</it>, <it>T. hydatigena </it>and <it>T. pisiformis</it>, to a data set of 4 published mtDNAs in the same genus. Seven complete mt genomes of <it>Taenia </it>species are used to compare and contrast variation within and between genomes in the genus, to estimate a phylogeny for the genus, and to develop novel molecular markers as part of an extended mitochondrial toolkit.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The complete circular mtDNAs of <it>T. multiceps</it>, <it>T. hydatigena </it>and <it>T. pisiformis </it>were 13,693, 13,492 and 13,387 bp in size respectively, comprising the usual complement of flatworm genes. Start and stop codons of protein coding genes included those found commonly amongst other platyhelminth mt genomes, but the much rarer initiation codon GTT was inferred for the gene <it>atp</it>6 in <it>T. pisiformis</it>. Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNAs offered novel estimates of the interrelationships of <it>Taenia</it>. Sliding window analyses showed <it>nad</it>6, <it>nad</it>5, <it>atp</it>6, <it>nad</it>3 and <it>nad</it>2 are amongst the most variable of genes per unit length, with the highest peaks in nucleotide diversity found in <it>nad</it>5. New primer pairs capable of amplifying fragments of variable DNA in <it>nad</it>1, <it>rrn</it>S and <it>nad</it>5 genes were designed <it>in silico </it>and tested as possible alternatives to existing mitochondrial markers for <it>Taenia</it>.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>With the availability of complete mtDNAs of 7 <it>Taenia </it>species, we have shown that analysis of amino acids provides a robust estimate of phylogeny for the genus that differs markedly from morphological estimates or those using partial genes; with implications for understanding the evolutionary radiation of important <it>Taenia</it>. Full alignment of the nucleotides of <it>Taenia </it>mtDNAs and sliding window analysis suggests numerous alternative gene regions are likely to capture greater nucleotide variation than those currently pursued as molecular markers. New PCR primers developed from a comparative mitogenomic analysis of <it>Taenia </it>species, extend the use of mitochondrial markers for molecular ecology, population genetics and diagnostics.</p

Contactless multiscale measurement of cardiac motion using biomedical radar sensor

IntroductionA contactless multiscale cardiac motion measurement method is proposed using impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar at a center frequency of 7.29 GHz.MotivationElectrocardiograph (ECG), heart sound, and ultrasound are traditional state-of-the-art heartbeat signal measurement methods. These methods suffer from defects in contact and the existence of a blind information segment during the cardiogram measurement.MethodsExperiments and analyses were conducted using coarse-to-fine scale. Anteroposterior and along-the-arc measurements were taken from five healthy male subjects (aged 25–43) when lying down or prone. In every measurement, 10 seconds of breath-holding data were recorded with a radar 55 cm away from the body surface, while the ECG was monitored simultaneously as a reference.ResultsCardiac motion detection from the front was superior to that from the back in amplitude. In terms of radar detection angles, the best cardiac motion information was observed at a detection angle of 120°. Finally, in terms of cardiac motion cycles, all the ECG information, as well as short segments of cardiac motion details named blind ECGs segments, were detected.SignificanceA contactless and multiscale cardiac motion detection method is proposed with no blind detection of segments during the entire cardiac cycle. This paves the way for a potentially significant method of fast and accurate cardiac disease assessment and diagnosis that exhibits promising application prospects in contactless online cardiac monitoring and in-home healthcare

A Two-Step Quantum Direct Communication Protocol Using Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Pair Block

A protocol for quantum secure direct communication using blocks of EPR pairs is proposed. A set of ordered $N$ EPR pairs is used as a data block for sending secret message directly. The ordered $N$ EPR set is divided into two particle sequences, a checking sequence and a message-coding sequence. After transmitting the checking sequence, the two parties of communication check eavesdropping by measuring a fraction of particles randomly chosen, with random choice of two sets of measuring bases. After insuring the security of the quantum channel, the sender, Alice encodes the secret message directly on the message-coding sequence and send them to Bob. By combining the checking and message-coding sequences together, Bob is able to read out the encoded messages directly. The scheme is secure because an eavesdropper cannot get both sequences simultaneously. We also discuss issues in a noisy channel.Comment: 8 pages and 2 figures. To appear in Phys Rev

Synthesis of single crystalline hexagonal nanobricks of LiNi 1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 with high percentage of exposed {010} active facets as high rate performance cathode material for lithium-ion battery

Single crystalline LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O 2 (LNCM) hexagonal nanobricks with a high percentage of exposed {010} facets are synthesized by using Ni1/3Co1/3Mn 1/3(OH)2 hexagonal nanosheets as both template and precursor, and exhibit excellent high rate performance as a cathode of lithium ion batteries. ? 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry