LA PERSONA EN EL PROCESO DE MUERTE

One of the greatest aspects that nursing usually deal with in their daily practice is the death of the person they are looking alter, and in many cases is considered as a failure of the therapeutic and care action, and so rejected due to its traumatic aspect for professionals and clients of sanitary attention. The poor study of our responsibilities when taking care of a person, defined by V. Henderson as “the help to a dignified death” makes us think about the cycle health-illness-death, to comprehend a process where nursing professionals can and have to be a fundamental help for the patient and his family. In this work we have tried to reflect on death process from philosophy and anthropology, with the aim of defusing, assume and relate our practice to this reality social and professionally rejected to help a person to die decently.Uno de los grandes aspectos con los que, a menudo, se enfrenta la enfermería en su práctica diaria es la muerte de la persona cuidada, en muchos casos, considerada como un fracaso de la acción terapéutica y cuidadora, y por lo tanto rechazada, por su aspecto traumático, tanto para los profesionales como para los clientes de la atención sanitaria. El escaso abordaje de una de nuestras responsabilidades en el cuidado de la persona, expresamente definido por V. Henderson como “la ayuda a una muerte digna” nos obliga a reflexionar sobre esta realidad ineludible del ciclo Salud-enfermedad-muerte, a fin de comprender un proceso en el que los profesionales de enfermería podemos y debemos ser una ayuda fundamental, tanto para el paciente como para su entorno familiar. En este trabajo hemos intentado reflexionar sobre el proceso de muerte desde la filosofía y antropología, con el fin de desdramatizar, asumir y entroncar en nuestra práctica esta realidad, social y profesionalmente rechazada, para poder ayudar a la persona a morir dignamente

A prototype from the Solar Decathlon Competition becomes an educational building in sustanaible architecture

In 2008, the City Council of Rivas-Vaciamadrid (Spain) decided to promote the construction of “Rivasecopolis”, a complex of sustainable buildings in which a new prototype of a zero-energy house would become the office of the Energy Agency. According to the initiative of the City Council, it was decided to recreate the dwelling prototype “Magic-box” which entered the 2005 Solar Decathlon Competition. The original project has been adapted to a new necessities programme, by adding the necessary spaces that allows it to work as an office. A team from university has designed and carried out the direction of the construction site. The new Solar House is conceived as a “testing building”. It is going to become the space for attending citizens in all questions about saving energy, energy efficiency and sustainable construction, having a permanent small exhibition space additional to the working places for the information purpose. At the same time, the building includes the use of experimental passive architecture systems and a monitoring and control system. Collected data will be sent to University to allow developing research work about the experimental strategies included in the building. This paper will describe and analyze the experience of transforming a prototype into a real durable building and the benefits for both university and citizens in learning about sustainability with the buildin

Inner wall filler as a singular and significant source of indoor radon pollution in heritage buildings: An exhalation method-based approach

Abstract The presence of radon in buildings is a matter of growing concern in the industry. A further layer of complexity is present in heritage buildings, where sources of exhalation other than those observed in more modern conventional buildings may render diagnosis and intervention even more difficult. This study explored the high exhalation rates originating in the inner fillers in thick elements such as bearing walls and structural floors and vaults characterising historic construction. They were found to be close to the values observed in soils and one to two orders of magnitude greater (range: 32.5 mBq/m2·s to 149.7 mBq/m2·s) than found in the construction materials themselves, such as granite. The radon emitted into building interiors by those members exhibited more or less uniform concentration profiles on all storeys, irrespective of elevation and consequently distance form the soil. Further to the results delivered by an accumulative model, the only explanation for the empirical findings is that the inner filler in structural members sources a substantial fraction of the high exhalation rates. That would open a new exploratory pathway for remedies that should necessarily address all emissions, rather than deeming the soil as the sole or primary source of radon gas. The issue is broached in this article on the grounds of a case study of the Tower of Hercules at Corunna, Spain, a building dating from Roman times and presently used as a museum and monument open to the public

The interaction of slaughtering, drying, and defatting methods differently affects oxidative quality of the fat from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae

The interrelation effect of slaughtering, drying, and defatting methods of BSFL on the oxidative quality of the derived fat was studied. Blanching and freezing were compared as slaughtering methods, followed by oven or freeze-drying for drying and mechanical pressing or SFE for defatting. The oxidative state and stability of the extracted fat and defatted meals were monitored immediately after their production, using peroxide value (PV) and Rancimat test, and over 24 weeks of storage. Slaughtering and drying methods had an independent effect on PV, with freezing and freeze-drying being the best methods. Mechanical pressing and SFE were comparable and superior to conventional hexane defatting. Interactions were observed between slaughtering and defatting, drying and defatting, and between all three factors. Generally, freeze-drying combined with any of the slaughtering and defatting methods resulted in the lowest PVs, with mechanical pressing being preferred. Freeze-drying plus mechanical pressing also produced the most stable fats during storage according to the evolution of PV, while the combination of blanching and SFE produced the least stable. A significant correlation was found between the PV at 24 weeks and the antioxidant activity of the fats. Contrary to storage assays, in accelerated Rancimat assays, freeze-dried samples were the least stable, which was partially attributed to the significant correlation with the acid values of the samples. Defatted meals followed a similar pattern to the extracted fat, except for worse oxidation for SFE defatting. Therefore, the different processing methods of slaughtering, drying, and defatting of BSFL differently affect lipid oxidation, with interactions between such successive stepsThis research was funded by the Spanish National Plans of Aquaculture of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, project ACUINSECT (Optimization of insect flours as sustainable ingredient for aquaculture fee

Retinoid receptor-specific agonists regulate bovine in vitro early embryonic development, differentiation and expression of genes related to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

A major goal in reproductive biotechnology is the identification of pathways that regulate early embryonic development and the allocation of cells to the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE). Retinoids regulate the development and differentiation of the bovine blastocyst in vitro, although the involvement of the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) remains to be clarified. This paper compares the effect of a synthetic RXR agonist (LG100268; LG) with that of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on blastulation. In vitro-produced morulae were treated for 48 h with LG (0.1 μM, 1 μM and 10 μM), ATRA 0.7 μM, or no additives. Treatment with ATRA did not increase the rate of development; however, the LG 0.1 μM treatment increased both the blastocyst development and hatching rate. Cell numbers increased in the ICM with LG 10 μM, while a dose-dependent reduction was observed in the TE in the presence of LG. Gene expression levels of p53 and p66 did not vary with LG but increased with ATRA. Both LG and ATRA activated bax, a pro-apoptotic gene and H2A.Z, a cell cycle-related gene. The above effects suggest the existence of active p53-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways for ATRA and LG, respectively, in the bovine embryo. The expression of p53 and H2A.Z showed a strong, positive correlation (r = 0.93; p < 0.0001) in all experimental groups; both proteins are linked through the cell cycle. Agonists of RXR could be used to control blastocyst development and differentiation

Clinical repercussions and epidemiological considerations of supernumerary canines : a 26 case series

To establish the prevalence of supernumerary canines (SNC) in a sector of the population of Madrid (Spain), as well possible complications associated with this unusual developmental variation. This observational study was performed between 2005 and 2017, among 21,615 patients seeking dental treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain), and at the Virgen de la Paloma Hospital, Madrid (Spain); 22 patients with 26 SNCs were diagnosed. These 22 patients underwent clinical and radiological exploration, registering patient data. SNCs presented a prevalence of 0.10% of the study population. The supernumerary teeth (SNT) were located in the upper maxilla more frequently (61.54%) than the mandible (38.46%). 69.23% were found to be impacted, also causing the impaction of the permanent canine in 53.85% of these cases. In 15.38%, follicular expansion > 3mm was observed. SNCs were associated with other SNT in only four patients. Despite of the fact that the SNCs are usually diagnosed casually in the course of radiological exploration, in the present study over half of them (53.85%) caused impaction of the permanent canine. Early diagnosis allows optimal patient management and treatment planning, with intervention at an appropriate time to prevent complications in development and so reduce later treatment need

MiR-7 controls cholesterol biosynthesis through posttranscriptional regulation of DHCR24 expression

Dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis is associated with several pathologies including cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators of cholesterol metabolism. We previously established the role of miR-7 in regulating insulin resistance and amyloidosis, which represents a common pathological feature between type 2 diabetes and AD. We show here an additional metabolic function of miR-7 in cholesterol biosynthesis. We found that miR-7 blocks the last steps of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in vitro by targeting relevant genes including DHCR24 and SC5D posttranscriptionally. Intracranial infusion of miR-7 on an adeno-associated viral vector reduced the expression of DHCR24 in the brain of wild-type mice, supporting in vivo miR-7 targeting. We also found that cholesterol regulates endogenous levels of miR-7 in vitro, correlating with transcriptional regulation through SREBP2 binding to its promoter region. In parallel to SREBP2 inhibition, the levels of miR-7 and hnRNPK (the host gene of miR-7) were concomitantly reduced in brain in a mouse model of Niemann Pick type C1 disease and in murine fatty liver, which are both characterized by intracellular cholesterol accumulation. Taken together, the results establish a novel regulatory feedback loop by which miR-7 modulates cholesterol homeostasis at the posttranscriptional level, an effect that could be exploited for therapeutic interventions against prevalent human diseases.This work was supported by the “Talento Program” from the Madrid Government, Spain (2017-T1/BMD-5333 and 2021-5A/BMD-20964), (RTI2018-095061-B-I00) and (PID2021-128264OB-I00) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe” by the European Union (to CMR); Consejería de Educación e Investigación from the Madrid Government, Spain: “Convocatoria de ayudas para la contratación de ayudantes de investigación” (PEJ-2018-AI/BMD-9724) (to CMR and MT-P); “Convocatoria de ayudas para la contratación de investigadores postdoctorales” (PEDJ-2018-POST/BDM-8900) (to CMR and AP-G) and “Convocatoria de ayudas para la contratación de investigadores predoctorales” (PEJD-2019-PRE/BMD-14499) (to CMR and YM-M) from the Madrid Government, Spain; (RTI2018-098113-B-I00) (to RB and DGC) and (PID2021-122766OB-I00) (to AMV) and (PID2020-112830RB-I00) (to MD-L) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe” by the European Union; (PI18/01152 and PI21/01173) funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, (ISCIII) (to OP); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (research contract of P-R) and 2021-5A/BMD-20964 (research contract of VP-M). We thank the Quantification and Molecular Characterization Unit and the Lipid and Lipoprotein Unit (IRYCIS) for support