Re-examining the relationship: urban economic performance and external economies

Debates on the prominent role of cities in the globally integrated economy create an unequivocal impression that, firstly, cities are engines of national and global economies, and, secondly, urban economic growth ultimately depends on cities’ embeddedness in diverse networks. This discussion has resulted in the implementation of urban policies seeking to generate economic growth by improving the cities’ position within multidimensional interurban relations worldwide. Network connectivity undoubtedly affects urban performance. However, so far, the dialectical relations between urban economic growth and network economies have created much room for critical reflection. The paper addresses this issue and problematizes the current state of research on the interplay of external economies and urban economic growth both as a theoretical concept and as a possible translation into urban policies. Russia presents a distinct case of urbanization not only due to the combination of internal factors but also to the government’s approach to cities in the history of national urbanization. Nowadays the Russian government seeks to reconsider the role of cities in national economy and accelerate their development. The analysis has revealed that the interplay between network economies and urban economic performance hinges on the distinct local context. Thus, considering the factors that determine Russia’s spatial and economic development, it is essential to study the growth potential of the main urban agglomerations and amplification of network economies between middle and small size cities to maintain the whole national system of cities. The complementarity of these versions of spatial development would contribute to the search for the path of further spatial and economic development in Russia

Patient-centred care in general dental practice--a systematic review of the literature.

Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tReviewBACKGROUND: Delivering improvements in quality is a key objective within most healthcare systems, and a view which has been widely embraced within the NHS in the United Kingdom. Within the NHS, quality is evaluated across three key dimensions: clinical effectiveness, safety and patient experience, with the latter modelled on the Picker Principles of Patient-Centred Care (PCC). Quality improvement is an important feature of the current dental contract reforms in England, with "patient experience" likely to have a central role in the evaluation of quality. An understanding and appreciation of the evidence underpinning PCC within dentistry is highly relevant if we are to use this as a measure of quality in general dental practice. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify the features of PCC relevant to dentistry and ascertain the current research evidence base underpinning its use as a measure of quality within general dental practice. RESULTS: Three papers were identified which met the inclusion criteria and demonstrated the use of primary research to provide an understanding of the key features of PCC within dentistry. None of the papers identified were based in general dental practice and none of the three studies sought the views of patients. Some distinct differences were noted between the key features of PCC reported within the dental literature and those developed within the NHS Patient Experience Framework. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review reveals a lack of understanding of PCC within dentistry, and in particular general dental practice. There is currently a poor evidence base to support the use of the current patient reported outcome measures as indicators of patient-centredness. Further research is necessary to understand the important features of PCC in dentistry and patients' views should be central to this research.NIH

Hydra Europe

Poster at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014Posters, Demos and Developer "How-To's"This poster will demonstrate the breadth of usage of the Hydra open repository solution within Europe, and highlight how the institutions using it have engaged with the Hydra community to establish their own repositories and fed into ongoing development. Readers will become aware of the use of Hydra within Europe, and how this relates to the Hydra project overall.Awre, Christopher Louis (University of Hull, United Kingdom)Conrad, Anders Sparre (Royal Library of Denmark)Frost, Dermot (Trinity College Dublin)Guasch i Arambudo, Roger (Theatre Institute of Barcelona)Wright, Nicola (London School of Economics

On the origin of fluorine in the Milky Way

The main astrophysical factories of fluorine (19F) are thought to be Type II supernovae, Wolf-Rayet stars, and the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) of intermediate mass stars. We present a model for the chemical evolution of fluorine in the Milky Way using a semi-analytic multi-zone chemical evolution model. For the first time, we demonstrate quantitatively the impact of fluorine nucleosynthesis in Wolf-Rayet and AGB stars. The inclusion of these latter two fluorine production sites provides a possible solution to the long-standing discrepancy between model predictions and the fluorine abundances observed in Milky Way giants. Finally, fluorine is discussed as a possible probe of the role of supernovae and intermediate mass stars in the chemical evolution history of the globular cluster omega Centauri.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. MNRAS in pres

Impact of sublethal levels of environmental pollutants found in sewage sludge on a novel Caenorhabditis elegans model biosensor

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Patient-centred care in general dental practice--a systematic review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Delivering improvements in quality is a key objective within most healthcare systems, and a view which has been widely embraced within the NHS in the United Kingdom. Within the NHS, quality is evaluated across three key dimensions: clinical effectiveness, safety and patient experience, with the latter modelled on the Picker Principles of Patient-Centred Care (PCC). Quality improvement is an important feature of the current dental contract reforms in England, with "patient experience" likely to have a central role in the evaluation of quality. An understanding and appreciation of the evidence underpinning PCC within dentistry is highly relevant if we are to use this as a measure of quality in general dental practice. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify the features of PCC relevant to dentistry and ascertain the current research evidence base underpinning its use as a measure of quality within general dental practice. RESULTS: Three papers were identified which met the inclusion criteria and demonstrated the use of primary research to provide an understanding of the key features of PCC within dentistry. None of the papers identified were based in general dental practice and none of the three studies sought the views of patients. Some distinct differences were noted between the key features of PCC reported within the dental literature and those developed within the NHS Patient Experience Framework. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review reveals a lack of understanding of PCC within dentistry, and in particular general dental practice. There is currently a poor evidence base to support the use of the current patient reported outcome measures as indicators of patient-centredness. Further research is necessary to understand the important features of PCC in dentistry and patients' views should be central to this research

Ballistic Composite Fermions in Semiconductor Nanostructures

We report the results of two fundamental transport measurements at a Landau level filling factor $\nu$ of 1/2. The well known ballistic electron transport phenomena of quenching of the Hall effect in a mesoscopic cross-junction and negative magnetoresistance of a constriction are observed close to B~=~0 and $\nu~=~ 1/2$. The experimental results demonstrate semi-classical charge transport by composite fermions, which consist of electrons bound to an even number of flux quanta.Comment: 9 pages TeX 3.1415 C version 6.1, 3 PostScript figure