Uso de TGT y aprendizaje cooperativo para promover un aprendizaje activo de los alumnos

[Resumen] En el grado de Ingeniería Informática la mayoría de asignaturas presentan un enfoque práctico, donde se combina la resolución de problemas con prácticas basadas en TIC. Sin embargo, las clases magistrales siguen un enfoque más clásico donde el alumno es un mero agente pasivo que se limita a escuchar las explicaciones del docente. La monotonía de las clases magistrales contribuye a que el alumno pierda rápidamente, la atención y el interés por la asignatura. En este trabajo se describe un enfoque basado en metodologías activas que busca promover la participación de los alumnos en las clases magistrales e involucrarlos de forma más activa en su proceso de aprendizaje. La metodología propuesta se basa en la idea de los Team Game Tournaments (TGT) apoyada en el uso de estrategias de Aprendizaje Cooperativo (AC). Los estudiantes se organizan en pequeños grupos, de forma que cada estudiante debe preparar individualmente una parte del tema correspondiente. En la siguiente clase, cada estudiante explica a sus compañeros su parte y en conjunto elaboran una lista de preguntas para todo el tema. Finalmente, se organiza una batalla de preguntas donde cada grupo formula sus preguntas a otros grupos siguiendo una dinámica similar a la de los concursos culturales. La evaluación final consiste en una evaluación individual donde se valoran habilidades relacionadas con el trabajo en equipo, y en una evaluación del grupo que tiene en cuenta la adecuación de las preguntas elaboradas por el grupo y el resultado obtenido en la batalla de preguntas. Esta metodología se fundamenta en la premisa de que el aprendizaje del estudiante es más significativo cuando tiene que explicar lo aprendido a sus compañeros y, por otro lado, en la idea de que metodologías basadas en TGT ayudan a fomentar la competitividad entre alumnos, mejorar su implicación en la asignatura y promover la interdependencia positiva. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un alto grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes con esta nueva metodología y que ésta les ha ayudado a lograr un aprendizaje más profundo y mejorar su motivación a la hora de preparar la asignatur

La cooperación cautelar internacional en el Mercosur

Cuando una medida cautelar es decretada en un Estado y debe cumplirse en otro, se plantean diversos problemas de derecho internacional privado, en especial: 1) La identificación de la fuente normativa aplicable, para lo cual resulta imprescindible analizar el cuadro de fuentes normativas que coexisten en la región y determinar sus respectivos ámbitos de aplicación. 2) La determinación de la competencia legislativa y judicial. ¿Cuál es la ley aplicable en cuanto a la procedencia o admisibilidad de la medida cautelar y quién es el juez internacionalmente competente para dictarla? ¿Cuál es la ley aplicable a la ejecución de la medida cautelar, así como a la contracautela o garantía, y quién es el juez competente al respecto? El juez exhortado, ¿debe controlar la competencia en la esfera internacional del exhortante?, ¿conforme a qué ley? ¿Cómo y en qué casos opera el principio de la jurisdicción más próxima? ¿Cuáles son las características específicas que plantean las medidas cautelares que recaen sobre buques? La ponencia pretende analizar y dar respuestas a estas interrogantes.Estatu batean kautelazko neurri bat erabakirik eta beste batean betearazi behar denean, nazioarteko zuzenbide pribatuaren eremuko zenbait arazo planteatu ohi dira, honako hauek bereziki: 1) Aplikatu beharreko arau-iturriaren identifikazioa, hartarako ezinbestekoa delarik eskualdean batera existitzen diren arau-iturriak aztertzea eta dagozkien ezarpen-eremuak zehaztea. 2) Lege eta epaile-eskuduntzak zehaztea. Kautelazko neurriaren bidezkotasun edo onargarritasunari dagokionez, zein da ezar daitekeen legea? Eta nazioartekoan zein da neurri hori emateko ahalmena duen epailea? Zein da kautelazko neurria betearazteko ezar daitekeen legea eta kontrakautela edo bermea eta zein da horretan eskumena duen epailea? Erreguturiko epaileak kontrolatu behar ote du eskuduntza erregu egilearen nazioarteko eremuan? Zein legeren arabera? Nola eta zein kasutan diharduen jurisdikzio hurbilenaren printzipioa? Zein dira itsasontzien gaineko kautelazko neurriek planteatzen dituzten ezaugarri bereziak? Galdera horiek aztertu eta haiei erantzunak ematea da txosten honen helburua.Lorsqu'une mesure de prudence est décrétée dans un Etat et doit être appliquée dans un autre, certains problèmes de droit international privé se posent, particulièrement: 1) L'identification de la source normative applicable. C'est pourquoi il est indispensable d'analyser le milieu des sources normatives qui coexistent dans la région et de déterminer leurs domaines d'application respectifs. 2) La détermination de la compétence législative et judiciaire. Quelle est la loi que l'on peut appliquer quant à la conformité ou admissibilité de la mesure de prudence et quel est le juge internationalement compétent pour la dicter? Quel est la loi applicable a l'exécution de la mesure de prudence, ainsi que la contre-mesure ou garantie, et quel en est le juge compétent? Le juge doit-il contrôler la compétence dans le domaine international du plaignant? Conformément à quelle loi? Comment et dans quels cas applique-t-on la juridiction la plus proche? Quelles sont les caractéristiques spécifiques que présentent les mesures de prudence qui affectent les navires? Le rapport tente d'analyser et de donner des réponses à ces interrogations.When a preventive measure is decreed in a State and it must be fulfilled in another, various problems in private international law are outlined, especially: 1) The identification of the applicable normative source, for which it is indispensable to analyse the framework of normative sources that coexist in the region and determine their respective areas of application. 2) The determination of the legislative and judicial competence. Which is the applicable law concerning the origin or admissibility of preventive measure and who is the internationally competent judge to decree such a measure? Which is the applicable law for the execution of the preventive measure, as well as for the counter-prevention or guarantee, and who is the competent judge in this regard? Should the exhorted judge,control the competence in the exhorting international field? And pursuant to what law? How and in what cases does the principle of the nearest jurisdiction apply? Which are the specific characteristics that outline the prevention measures that apply to ships? This paper intends to analyse and provide answers to these questions

Genome-wide DNA-(de)methylation is associated with Noninfectious Bud-failure exhibition in Almond (Prunus dulcis [Mill.] D.A.Webb).

Noninfectious bud-failure (BF) remains a major threat to almond production in California, particularly with the recent rapid expansion of acreage and as more intensive cultural practices and modern cultivars are adopted. BF has been shown to be inherited in both vegetative and sexual progeny, with exhibition related to the age and propagation history of scion clonal sources. These characteristics suggest an epigenetic influence, such as the loss of juvenility mediated by DNA-(de)methylation. Various degrees of BF have been reported among cultivars as well as within sources of clonal propagation of the same cultivar. Genome-wide methylation profiles for different clones within almond genotypes were developed to examine their association with BF levels and association with the chronological time from initial propagation. The degree of BF exhibition was found to be associated with DNA-(de)methylation and clonal age, which suggests that epigenetic changes associated with ageing may be involved in the differential exhibition of BF within and among almond clones. Research is needed to investigate the potential of DNA-(de)methylation status as a predictor for BF as well as for effective strategies to improve clonal selection against age related deterioration. This is the first report of an epigenetic-related disorder threatening a major tree crop

Estimation of Laplacian Symbols for Analog Transmission Over MIMO Channels

© 2015 IEEE. This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2015.2485216.[Abstract]: The MAP and MMSE estimation of Laplace-distributed symbols transmitted over multiple-input multiple-output channels is studied. This is an important problem in analog joint source channel coding with spiral mappings, where the probability density function of the transmitted symbols approximates a Laplace distribution in the low SNR regime. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the suitability of these estimators in uncoded and coded analog communications.This work was supported by Xunta de Galicia and MINECO of Spain under grants 2012/287 and TEC2013-47141-C4-1-R.Xunta de Galicia; CN 2012/28

Transmission of Spatio-Temporal Correlated Sources Over Fading Multiple Access Channels With DQLC Mappings

© 2019 IEEE. This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TCOMM.2019.2912571.[Abstract]: The design of zero-delay Joint Source-Channel Coding (JSCC) schemes for the transmission of correlated information over fading Multiple Access Channels (MACs) is an interesting problem for many communication scenarios like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Among the different JSCC schemes so far proposed for this scenario, Distributed Quantizer Linear Coding (DQLC) represents an appealing solution since it is able to outperform uncoded transmissions for any correlation level at high Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs) with a low computational cost. In this paper, we extend the design of DQLC-based schemes for fading MACs considering sphere decoding to make the optimal Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) estimation computationally affordable for an arbitrary number of transmit users. The use of sphere decoding also allows to formulate a practical algorithm for the optimization of DQLC-based systems. Finally, non-linear Kalman Filtering for the DQLC is considered to jointly exploit the temporal and spatial correlation of the source symbols. The results of computer experiments show that the proposed DQLC scheme with the Kalman Filter decoding approach clearly outperforms uncoded transmissions for medium and high SNRs.This work has been funded by Office of Naval Research Global of United States (N62909-15-1-2014), the Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2016-045, ED341D R2016/012, ED431G/01), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain (TEC2015-69648-REDC, TEC2016-75067-C4-1-R) and ERDF funds of the EU (AEI/FEDER, UE).United States. Office of Naval Research Global of United States; N62909-15-1-2014Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2016-045Xunta de Galicia; ED341D R2016/012Xunta de Galicia; ED431G/0

Transmission of Analog Information Over the Multiple Access Relay Channel Using Zero-Delay Non-Linear Mappings

[Abstract]: We consider the zero-delay encoding of discrete-time analog information over the Multiple Access Relay Channel (MARC) using non-linear mapping functions. On the one hand, zero-delay non-linear mappings are capable to deal with the multiple access interference (MAI) caused by the simultaneous transmission of the information. On the other, the relaying operation is a Decode-and-Forward (DF) strategy where the decoded messages are merged into a single message using a specific continuous mapping depending on the correlation level of the source information. At the receiver, an approximated Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) decoder is developed to obtain an estimate of the transmitted source symbols which exploits the information received from the relay node in combination with the messages received from the transmitters through the direct links. The resulting system provides better performance than the other alternative encoding strategies for the MARC with similar complexity and delay and also approaches the performance of theoretical strategies which require a significantly higher delay and computational cost.This work was supported in part by the Office of the Naval Research Global of United States under Grant N62909-15-1-2014, in part by the Xunta de Galicia under Grant ED431C 2016-045, Grant ED341D R2016/012, and Grant ED431G/01, in part by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain under Grant TEC2015-69648-REDC and Grant TEC2016-75067-C4-1-R, and in part by the ERDF funds of the EU (AEI/FEDER, UE).Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2016-045Xunta de Galicia; ED341D R2016/012Xunta de Galicia; ED431G/0

Analog Transmission of Spatio-Temporal Correlated Sources Over MAC With Modulo Mappings

© 2018 IEEE. This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2018.2807427[Abstract]: Modulo mappings is an appealing scheme for the analog transmission of spatially correlated discrete-time analog source symbols over multiple access channels. In this letter, we show that the modulo mappings are also useful to exploit temporal correlation with zero-delay and without impairing encoding/decoding computational complexity. Spatio-temporal source correlation is exploited with a Kalman filter-based receiver, coupled with a sphere decoder, that takes into account the non-linearities of the modulo mappings. We also explain how to optimize the mapping parameters.This work has been funded by Office of Naval Research Global of United States (N62909-15-1-2014), the Xunta de Galicia (ED431C 2016-045, ED341D R2016/012, ED431G/01), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain (TEC2015-69648-REDC, TEC2016-75067-C4-1-R) and ERDF funds of the EU (AEI/FEDER, UE). The authors thank Prof. Joaquín Míguez of Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain, for his helpful suggestions.Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2016-045Xunta de Galicia; ED341D R2016/012Xunta de Galicia; ED431G/01United States. Office of Naval Research Global of United States; N62909-15-1-201

A Rank-Constrained Coordinate Ascent Approach to Hybrid Precoding for the Downlink of Wideband Massive (MIMO) Systems

© 2023 IEEE. This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. The Version of Record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2023.3293933.[Abstract]: An innovative approach to hybrid analog-digital precoding for the downlink of wideband massive MIMO systems is developed. The proposed solution, termed Rank-Constrained Coordinate Ascent (RCCA), starts seeking the full-digital precoder that maximizes the achievable sum-rate over all the frequency subcarriers while constraining the rank of the overall transmit covariance matrix. The frequency-flat constraint on the analog part of the hybrid precoder and the non-convex nature of the rank constraint are circumvented by transforming the original problem into a more suitable one, where a convenient structure for the transmit covariance matrix is imposed. Such structure makes the resulting full-digital precoder particularly adequate for its posterior analog-digital factorization. An additional problem formulation to determine an appropriate power allocation policy according to the rank constraint is also provided. The numerical results show that the proposed method outperforms baseline solutions even for practical scenarios with high spatial diversity.Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2020/15Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/01This work has been supported in part by grants ED431C 2020/15 and ED431G 2019/01 (to support the Centro de Investigación de Galicia “CITIC”) funded by Xunta de Galicia and ERDF Galicia 2014-2020, and by grants PID2019-104958RB-C42 (ADELE) and PID2020-118139RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. The authors thank the Defense University Center at the Spanish Naval Academy (CUD-ENM) for all the support provided for this research