Evaluation of the effect of prebiotics (MOS), probiotics (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus sibtillis) and growth promoter in broiler diets)

Um experimento com 2400 aves foi realizado para comparar o efeito do uso de probiótico (Bacillus licheniformis e Bacillus subtilis), probiótico mais mananoligossacarídeos (MOS), promotor de crescimento (avilamicina) e uma dieta controle sem aditivos. As dietas básicas eram constituídas por milho e farelo de soja. Foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado e os dados obtidos avaliados pela análise da variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5%. Os parâmetros analisados foram ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e mortalidade. Concluiu-se que na primeira semana o probiótico e o MOS apresentaram um ganho de peso significativamente melhor que os demais grupos. A conversão alimentar do probiótico na primeira semana foi melhor do que a do promotor de crescimento (pA study with 2,400 broilers was carried out to compare the effect of probiotics, (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis) probiotics plus mananoligosaccharides (MOS), or growth promoter (Avilamycin) and a control diet without aditives. Diets were based on corn and soybean meal. A completely randomized experimental design was used, and the data were evaluated by analysis of variance and test of Tukey at a level of 5%. The following parameters were measured: feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. It was concluded that the effect of the inclusion of probiotics and MOS in the starter diets was significantly higher for the weight gain than the other groups. The feed ratio was significantly higher at the first week as compared to the inclusion of MOS, or to the growth promoter and the control diet. In the full period the effect of the inclusion of probiotics , MOS and growth promoter was significantly higher for the weight gain than the control diet

Comparison of the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic values of gill and white muscle tissue of fish

The potential use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (d13C, d15N) of fish gills for studies on fish feeding ecology was evaluated by comparing the d13C and d15N of gill tissue with the more commonly used white muscle tissue. To account for the effect of lipid content on the d13C signatures, a study-specific lipid correction model based on C:N ratios was developed and applied to the bulk d13C data. For the majority of species in the study, we found no significant difference in d13C values between gill and muscle tissue after correction, but several species showed a small (0.3–1.4‰) depletion of 13C in white muscle compared to gill tissue. The average species difference in d15N between muscle and gill tissue ranged from - 0.2 to 1.6‰ for the different fish species with muscle tissue generally more enriched in 15N. The d13C values of muscle and gill were strongly linearly correlated (R2 = 0.85) over a large isotopic range (13‰), suggesting that both tissues can be used to determine long-term feeding or migratory habits of fish. Muscle and gill tissue bulk d15N values were also strongly positively correlated (R2 = 0.76) but with a small difference between muscle and gill tissue. This difference indicates that the bulk d15N of the two tissue types may be influenced by different isotopic turnover rates or a different composition of amino acids

AVALIAÇÃO DOS TEORES DE GORDURA EM CARNE MOÍDA COMERCIALIZADA EM SUPERMERCADOS

Alimentos ricos em gorduras saturadas, como as carnes, contribuem para o aumento da incidência de obesidade e problemas cardiovasculares, comuns na população brasileira. A carne moída comercializada na maioria dos supermercados é encontrada com diferenças de qualidade e preço, variando, de mesma forma, os seus teores de gordura. O Ministério da Agricultura (DIPOA), fixa como o máximo teor de gordura da carne moída em 15%. O presente trabalho avaliou diferentes tipos de carne moída e os seus teores de gordura em uma rede de supermercados existente no município de Curitiba, Paraná. Constataram-se diferenças significativas (

Models for Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Analysis

After reviewing some classical statistical hypothesis commonly used in image processing and analysis, this paper presents some models that are useful in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image analysis

COMPOSIÇÃO DA FORRAGEM E OS PARÂMETROS DE GORDURA DO CREME DE LEITE E DA MANTEIGA

Na região sul do Brasil, no fim do inverno e início da primavera as pastagens estão em início de crescimento, apresentando alto teor de extrato etéreo, rico em ácidos graxos insaturados, com baixo teor de fibra estrutural e baixo teor de matéria seca, proporcionando queda de produção e alteração da composição de ácidos graxos do leite. Em estudo conduzido em uma indústria de laticínios na região metropolitana de Curitiba procurou-se correlacionar as variações nutricionais estacionais das forragens e a sua influência nos teores de gordura e acidez do leite. Foram coletadas amostras de forragens nos meses de julho, agosto e setembro de 2001. As alterações verificadas pela mudança de tipo de forragem (Brachiaria decumbens e Lolium multiflorum) determinaram alterações significativas (

Epidemiologic situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

Caracterizou-se a brucelose bovina em Mato Grosso por meio de um estudo transversal realizado em 2003 para auxiliar na implementação do Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose. No Estado, estratificado em quatro circuitos pecuários, foram amostrados 13.684 animais, provenientes de 1.152 rebanhos. O protocolo de testes utilizado foi o da triagem com o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado e os soros reagentes foram testados pelo 2-mercaptoetanol (ME) e concomitantemente retestados pelo teste de Rosa Bengala para resultado conclusivo. As prevalências de focos e de animais infectados foram: 41,2% [38,0-44,4%] e 10,2% [7,4-13,1%], respectivamente. Nos circuitos produtivos, as prevalências de focos foram 36,9% [29,2-45,2%], 27,2% [22,8-32,1%], 40,4% [38,8-46,2%] e 50,3% [44,5-56,1%]; e as prevalências de animais 7,9% [3,0-12,9%], 4,1% [2,8-5,4%], 8,1% [5,2-11,1%] e 15,3% [9,2-21,3%], respectivamente, para os circuitos 1, 2, 3 e 4. Os fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR) associados à condição de foco no Estado foram: exploração de gado de corte (OR= 1,8 [1,2-2,5]), exploração mista (OR=1,8 [1,2-2,7]), número de fêmeas no rebanho de 11 a 50 (OR=4,8 [1,1-20,8]), número de fêmeas no rebanho acima de 51 (OR=6,8 [1,6-29,0]), ocorrência de aborto (OR=1,7 [1,3-2,2]). A brucelose está homogeneamente distribuída no Estado, o que permite uniformidade de medidas sanitárias. Adicionalmente, sugere-se a intensificação da vacinação de fêmeas para todo o Estado. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTA study to characterize bovine brucellosis in the State of Mato Grosso was carried out in 2003 in order to support the implementation of the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Bovine Brucellosis. The State was divided into four productive regions, and 13,684 bovines from 1,152 herds were sampled. The serum samples were screened for antibodies to Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal test (RBT) and all RBT-positive sera were re-tested by the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME), and again by RBT for confirmation. The prevalence of infected herds and animals in the State of Mato Grosso were 41.2% [38.0-44.4%] and 10.2% [7.4-13.1%], respectively. In the productive regions, the prevalence of infected herds were 36.9% [29.2-45.2%], 27.2% [22.8-32.1%], 40.4% [38.8-46.2%], and 50.3% [44.5-56.1%], respectively; and the prevalence of infected animals were 7.9% [3.0-12.9%], 4.1% [2.8-5.4%], 8.1% [5.2-11.1%], and 15.3% [9.2-21.3%], respectively, for regions 1, 2, 3, and 4. The risk factors (odds ratio, OR) associated with the presence of the infection in the State were: beef cattle farming (OR=1.8 [1.2-2.5]), mixed (beef and dairy) cattle farming (OR=1.8 [1.2-2.7]), farms with 11 to 50 females (OR=4.8 [1.1-20.8]), farms with more than 51 females (OR=6.8 [1.6-29.0]), and occurrence of abortion (OR=1.7 [1.3-2.2]). Given that brucellosis is homogeneously distributed in the State, uniform sanitary measures might be adopted. As a homogeneous additional measure for the State, the intensification of female vaccination is suggested

Multimessenger astronomy with the Einstein Telescope

Gravitational waves (GWs) are expected to play a crucial role in the development of multimessenger astrophysics. The combination of GW observations with other astrophysical triggers, such as from gamma-ray and X-ray satellites, optical/radio telescopes, and neutrino detectors allows us to decipher science that would otherwise be inaccessible. In this paper, we provide a broad review from the multimessenger perspective of the science reach offered by the third generation interferometric GW detectors and by the Einstein Telescope (ET) in particular. We focus on cosmic transients, and base our estimates on the results obtained by ET's predecessors GEO, LIGO, and Virgo.Comment: 26 pages. 3 figures. Special issue of GRG on the Einstein Telescope. Minor corrections include