216 research outputs found
Metáforas sobre o capitalismo na pandemia do coronavírus: o discurso neoliberal dos empresários Brasileiros / Metaphors about capitalism in the coronavirus pandemic: the neoliberal discourse of Brazilian entrepreneurs
Este ensaio objetiva analisar os discursos de empresários brasileiros que centram suas retóricas de que os negócios não podem parar por causa da pandemia. Suas falas foram ditas em redes sociais durante o processo de isolamento social. Nossa intenção com isso é trazer a reflexão filosófica e sociológica bem como argumentos teóricos científicos. Análise do discurso é utilizada como análise, isso se dá através de quadro analítico que define os emissores; os corpus dos discursos; a interpretação teórica e do discurso. Conclui-se que, desde março de 2020, os empresários, balizados pelo discurso negacionista do governo brasileiro, foram importantes mobilizadores, de que é pior morrer de fome do que morrer de covid-19 e com isso, contribuíram para negar a covid-19.
Selection of indigenous lactic acid bacteria presenting anti-listerial activity, and their role in reducing the maturation period and assuring the safety of traditional Brazilian cheeses
Artisanal raw milk cheeses are highly appreciated dairy products in Brazil and ensuring their microbiological
safety has been a great need. This study reports the isolation and characterization of lactic acid
bacteria (LAB) strains with anti-listerial activity, and their effects on Listeria monocytogenes during
refrigerated shelf-life of soft Minas cheese and ripening of semi-hard Minas cheese. LAB strains (n ¼ 891)
isolated from Minas artisanal cheeses (n ¼ 244) were assessed for anti-listerial activity by deferred
antagonism assay at 37 C and 7 C. The treatments comprised the production of soft or semi-hard Minas
cheeses using raw or pasteurized milk, and including the addition of selected LAB only [Lactobacillus
brevis 2-392, Lactobacillus plantarum 1-399 and 4 Enterococcus faecalis (1-37, 2-49, 2-388 and 1-400)],
L. monocytogenes only, selected LAB co-inoculated with L. monocytogenes, or without any added cultures.
At 37 C, 48.1% of LAB isolates showed anti-listerial capacity and 77.5% maintained activity at 7 C.
Selected LAB strains presented a bacteriostatic effect on L. monocytogenes in soft cheese. L. monocytogenes
was inactivated during the ripening of semi-hard cheeses by the mix of LAB added. Times to attain a 4
log-reduction of L. monocytogenes were 15 and 21 days for semi-hard cheeses produced with raw and
pasteurized milk, respectively. LAB with anti-listerial activity isolated from artisanal Minas cheeses can
comprise an additional barrier to L. monocytogenes growth during the refrigerated storage of soft cheese
and help shorten the ripening period of semi-hard cheeses aged at ambient temperature.The authors thank the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do
Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) for financial support (Grants 13/
20456-9, 14/14891-7, 15/25641-4, 16/21041-5, 16/12406-0 and 16/
09346-5). Dr. Gonzales-Barron also acknowledges the financial
support provided by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and
Technology (FCT) through the award of an Investigator Fellowship
(IF) in the mode of Development Grants (IF/00570). A.S. Sant'Ana
acknowledges the financial support of “Conselho Nacional de
Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico” (CNPq) (Grant #302763/
2014-7) and CAPES (Grant #33003017027P1).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.
Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors
Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding
eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers
with zenith angles greater than detected with the Pierre Auger
Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum
confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above
eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law with
index followed by
a smooth suppression region. For the energy () at which the
spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence
of suppression, we find
eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger
Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers.
These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of
the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray
energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30
to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of
the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is
determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated
using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due
to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components.
The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of
the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the
AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air
shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy
-- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy
estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the
surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator
scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent
emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for
the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at
least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio
emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate
energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of
15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV
arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling
quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from
state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our
measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric
energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with
our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector
against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI.
Supplemental material in the ancillary file
Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates
Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MAim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types
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