Metabolic health profile in young adults with Prader–Willi syndrome: results of a 2-year randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover GH trial

Context: Patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) have an increased fat mass and decreased lean body mass. GH-treated young adults with PWS who have attained adult height benefit from continuation of growth hormone (GH) treatment, as GH maintained their improved body composition, whereas fat mass increased during the placebo period. Adults with PWS are predisposed to T2DM and cardiovascular disease. Whether GH affects metabolic health profile of this patient group is unknown. Objective: To investigate the effects of GH vs placebo on metabolic health, in young adults with PWS who were GH-treated for many years during childhood and had attained adult height (AH). Method: A 2-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with stratification for gender and BMI in 27 young adults with PWS. Intervention with GH (0·67 mg/m2/day) and placebo, both for 1-year duration. Results: Compared to placebo, GH treatment resulted in similar glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test. Only fasting glucose and insulin were slightly higher during GH vs placebo (+0·2 mmol/l and +18·4 pmol/l), although both remained within normal ranges in both phases. Blood pressure and lipid profile were similar after GH vs placebo. At baseline (AH) and during GH, no patients had metabolic syndrome, while 1 developed it during placebo treatment. Conclusions: Growth hormone treatment has no adverse effects on metabolic health profile. Thus, GH-treated young adults with PWS who have attained AH benefit from continuation of GH treatment without safety concerns regarding metabolic health

The Biological Standard of Living in the two Germanies.

Physical stature is used as a proxy for the biological standard of living in the two Germanies before and after unification in an analysis of a cross-sectional sample (1998) of adult heights, as well as among military recruits of the 1990s. West Germans tended to be taller than East Germans throughout the period under consideration. Contrary to official proclamations of a classless society, there were substantial social differences in physical stature in East-Germany. Social differences in height were greater in the East among females, and less among males than in the West. The difficulties experienced by the East-German population after 1961 is evident in the increase in social inequality of physical stature thereafter, as well as in the increasing gap relative to the height of the West-German population. After unification, however, there is a tendency for East-German males, but not of females, to catch up with their West-German counterparts

Effects of insulin pump vs. injection treatment on quality of life and impact of disease scores in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in a randomised, prospective comparison

Objective: Effects of pump treatment vs. four times daily injections were explored in children with diabetes with regard to quality of life and impact of disease as well as adverse effects and parameters of metabolic control. Methods: An open, parallel, randomized controlled prospective comparative study lasting 14months was completed by 38 type 1 children with diabetes (age 4-16yr) following a 3.5-months run-in phase. Standardized quality-of-life Pediatric Quality of life Inventory (PedsQL) and impact of disease scores were obtained every 3.5months as well as regular medical parameters. Parallel treatment group data and longitudinal within-patient data were analysed for each treatment modality. Results: Within-patient comparisons of the two treatment modalities showed significant improvement in PedsQL and impact scores after pump treatment. Treatment group comparisons did not show significant improvement. Pump treatment resulted in decreased symptomatic hypoglycaemia and lowered haemoglobin A1c by 0.22% after run in. Conclusions: Within-patient comparison suggests that metabolic control, frequency of severe hypoglycaemia (a threefold decrease), quality of life and impact of disease scores are improved by pump treatment in comparison to regular treatment with four daily insulin injections. © 2008 The Authors Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard

Pubertal development in The Netherlands 1965-1997

We investigated pubertal development of 4019 boys and 3562 girls >8 y of age participating in a cross-sectional survey in The Netherlands and compared the results with those of two previous surveys. Reference curves for all pubertal stages were constructed. The 50th percentile of Tanner breast stage 2 was 10.7 y, and 50% of the boys had reached a testicular volume of 4 mL at 11.5 y of age. Median age at menarche was 13.15 y. The median age at which the various stages of pubertal development were observed has stabilized since 1980. The increase of the age at stage G2 between 1965 and 1997 is probably owing to different interpretations of its definition. The current age limits for the definition of precocious are close to the third percentile of these references. A high agreement was found between the pubic hair stages and stages of pubertal (genital and breast) development, but slightly more in boys than in girls. Menarcheal age was dependent on height, weight, and body mass index. At a given age tall or heavy girls have a higher probability of having menarche compared with short or thin girls. A body weight exceeding 60 kg (+1 SDS), or a body mass index of >20 (+1 SDS), has no or little effect on the chance of having menarche, whereas for height such a ceiling effect was not observed. In conclusion, in The Netherlands the age at onset of puberty or menarche has stabilized since 1980. Height, weight, and body mass index have a strong influence on the chance of menarche

Журнал отмечает свое десятилетие. Ученые - современники о журнале

Item does not contain fulltextBACKGROUND: Growth hormone (GH) treatment is effective in improving adult height (AH) in short children born SGA. However, there is a wide variation in height gain, even after adjustment for predictive variables. It is therefore important to investigate new factors which can influence the response to GH. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of GH treatment (1 mg/m(2/) day) in short SGA children on AH. To assess the relation between spontaneous catch-up growth after birth and growth during puberty on the total height gain SDS to AH. PATIENTS: Longitudinal GH trial in 170 children. RESULTS: Median age at start of GH was 7.1 years and height -3.0 SDS. AH was -1.8 SDS (TH-corrected AH -1.1 SDS) in boys and -1.9 SDS (TH-corrected AH -1.3 SDS) in girls. Spontaneous catch-up growth after birth was >/=0.5 SDS in 42% of children. In contrast to expectation, spontaneous catch-up growth was negatively correlated with total height gain SDS during GH (P = 0.009). During puberty, height SDS declined (-0.4 SDS in boys and -0.5 SDS in girls) resulting in a lower total height gain SDS than expected. Pubertal height gain was 25.5 cm in boys and 15.3 cm in girls, significantly lower compared to AGA children (P < 0.001). At onset of puberty, BA for boys and girls was moderately advanced (P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively). Growth velocity was comparable to AGA children during the first two years of puberty, but thereafter significantly lower until reaching AH (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In contrast to our hypothesis, children with greater spontaneous catch-up growth after birth show a lower total height gain SDS during GH. Height SDS declines from mid-puberty, due to a marked early deceleration of growth velocity

La degradación salarial femenina: ¿una cuestión de género o una problemática de la baja productividad de la industria?

El objetivo de esta propuesta, es reflexionar sobre como los y las estudiantes de Trabajo Social de primer año, se apropian de los problemas de la degradación salarial del trabajo femenino, en general, y las especificidades en la industria del vestido, en particular. Las reflexiones que quiero compartir surgen de analizar, en las clases teóricas y los parciales, de la Cátedra de Historia Social de América Latina y Argentina, el capítulo IV del libro “Costureras, Monjas y Anarquistas” de Silvina Pascucci, en complemento con “Efectos inmediatos que la industria mecánica ejerce sobre el obrero “(Marx, C.: El capital. Tomo I, Vol.2, cap. XIII p. 480).Eje Acción colectiva-GT 20: Historia reciente, memoria colectiva y trabajo social.Facultad de Trabajo Socia

La degradación salarial femenina: ¿una cuestión de género o una problemática de la baja productividad de la industria?

El objetivo de esta propuesta, es reflexionar sobre como los y las estudiantes de Trabajo Social de primer año, se apropian de los problemas de la degradación salarial del trabajo femenino, en general, y las especificidades en la industria del vestido, en particular. Las reflexiones que quiero compartir surgen de analizar, en las clases teóricas y los parciales, de la Cátedra de Historia Social de América Latina y Argentina, el capítulo IV del libro “Costureras, Monjas y Anarquistas” de Silvina Pascucci, en complemento con “Efectos inmediatos que la industria mecánica ejerce sobre el obrero “(Marx, C.: El capital. Tomo I, Vol.2, cap. XIII p. 480).Eje Acción colectiva-GT 20: Historia reciente, memoria colectiva y trabajo social.Facultad de Trabajo Socia

Falsas biprostrusiones: Influencia del ángulo interbasal, sobre el ángulo interincisivo

Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del Angulo B Interbasal sobre el Angulo Interincisivo a partir de telerradiografías de niños de la ciudad de La Plata y alrededores. Método: se analizaron 100 telerradiografías correspondientes a 100 niños de ambos sexos, de entre 6 y 11 años de edad, con dentición mixta. Sobre las telerradiografías se midieron el Angulo B o Interbasal, el Angulo Interincisivo, el Angulo del Incisivo Superior y el Angulo del Incisivo Inferior, según los valores del cefalograma de Schwarz. Resultados: 5 pacientes (5%) 2 niñas y 3 niños, presentaron Auténticas Biprotrusiones; 39 pacientes (39%) 15 niñas y 24 niños, presentaron correcta posición de los incisivos respecto a sus basales, consideradas “Verdaderas Falsas Biprotrusiones”; 20 pacientes, tuvieron el incisivo superior en correcta posición respecto a su basal, pero el incisivo inferior se encontró en 12 pacientes protruido y en 8 retruido; 22 pacientes, tuvieron el incisivo inferior en correcta posición respecto a su basal, pero el incisivo superior en 9 pacientes protruido y en 13 retruido. Conclusión: se determinó que en pacientes con dentición mixta, el aumento del Angulo Interbasal afecta al Angulo Interincisivo disminuyéndolo, pudiendo encontrarse los incisivos en correcta posición respecto a sus bases maxilares, generando Verdaderas Falsas Biprotrusiones. Por tal motivo debe considerarse esta posibilidad en pacientes con dentición mixta que presenten divergencia de bases maxilares.Especialista en OrtodonciaUniversidad Nacional de La PlataFacultad de Odontologí

Falsas biprostrusiones: Influencia del ángulo interbasal, sobre el ángulo interincisivo

Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del Angulo B Interbasal sobre el Angulo Interincisivo a partir de telerradiografías de niños de la ciudad de La Plata y alrededores. Método: se analizaron 100 telerradiografías correspondientes a 100 niños de ambos sexos, de entre 6 y 11 años de edad, con dentición mixta. Sobre las telerradiografías se midieron el Angulo B o Interbasal, el Angulo Interincisivo, el Angulo del Incisivo Superior y el Angulo del Incisivo Inferior, según los valores del cefalograma de Schwarz. Resultados: 5 pacientes (5%) 2 niñas y 3 niños, presentaron Auténticas Biprotrusiones; 39 pacientes (39%) 15 niñas y 24 niños, presentaron correcta posición de los incisivos respecto a sus basales, consideradas “Verdaderas Falsas Biprotrusiones”; 20 pacientes, tuvieron el incisivo superior en correcta posición respecto a su basal, pero el incisivo inferior se encontró en 12 pacientes protruido y en 8 retruido; 22 pacientes, tuvieron el incisivo inferior en correcta posición respecto a su basal, pero el incisivo superior en 9 pacientes protruido y en 13 retruido. Conclusión: se determinó que en pacientes con dentición mixta, el aumento del Angulo Interbasal afecta al Angulo Interincisivo disminuyéndolo, pudiendo encontrarse los incisivos en correcta posición respecto a sus bases maxilares, generando Verdaderas Falsas Biprotrusiones. Por tal motivo debe considerarse esta posibilidad en pacientes con dentición mixta que presenten divergencia de bases maxilares.Facultad de Odontologí