Pengendalian Emisi Karbon dan Perubahan Struktur Nafkah Rumah Tangga Petani: Analisis Sosiologi Nafkah

The development of carbon-based society is one of the contemporary issues that offers a form of environmental and human collaboration respirokal also functional in controlling the risks of climate change.However, its not easy to introduce the issue of carbon to the livelihood systems of rural communities. In it, found a variety of problems, from technical aspects to non-technical. This study was constructed to answer these issues in the wider framework to mitigate climate change by carbon credits in two different locations, namely in the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) and Jambi. For the case of DIY, carbon trading scheme, which is based on the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) still pose a constraint on the aspect of “legalization” and “market”. Besides the licensing process and the disharmony between institutions vertically led to increasingly complex problems. As for the case in Jambi Province, the forest is seriously threatened by forest fires and property issues (tragedy of the common), the lack of public knowledge about the functioning of Forest Park (TAHURA) causes some people consider the forest and the free open access to be entered.In another side, the TAHURA is one potential area that has a large enough carbon stocks as the area of climate change mitigation. This research is ultimately going to map out the problems and calculate the economic contribution obtained by the public, as well as changes in the structure of living in two locations with two carbon initiatives of community-based schemes are different

A National Collaboratory to Advance the Science of High Temperature Plasma Physics for Magnetic Fusion

This report summarizes the work of the National Fusion Collaboratory (NFC) Project to develop a persistent infrastructure to enable scientific collaboration for magnetic fusion research. The original objective of the NFC project was to develop and deploy a national FES Grid (FusionGrid) that would be a system for secure sharing of computation, visualization, and data resources over the Internet. The goal of FusionGrid was to allow scientists at remote sites to participate as fully in experiments and computational activities as if they were working on site thereby creating a unified virtual organization of the geographically dispersed U.S. fusion community. The vision for FusionGrid was that experimental and simulation data, computer codes, analysis routines, visualization tools, and remote collaboration tools are to be thought of as network services. In this model, an application service provider (ASP provides and maintains software resources as well as the necessary hardware resources. The project would create a robust, user-friendly collaborative software environment and make it available to the US FES community. This Grid's resources would be protected by a shared security infrastructure including strong authentication to identify users and authorization to allow stakeholders to control their own resources. In this environment, access to services is stressed rather than data or software portability

A National Collaboratory to Advance the Science of High Temperature Plasma Physics for Magnetic Fusion

This report summarizes the work of the National Fusion Collaboratory (NFC) Project to develop a persistent infrastructure to enable scientific collaboration for magnetic fusion research. The original objective of the NFC project was to develop and deploy a national FES Grid (FusionGrid) that would be a system for secure sharing of computation, visualization, and data resources over the Internet. The goal of FusionGrid was to allow scientists at remote sites to participate as fully in experiments and computational activities as if they were working on site thereby creating a unified virtual organization of the geographically dispersed U.S. fusion community. The vision for FusionGrid was that experimental and simulation data, computer codes, analysis routines, visualization tools, and remote collaboration tools are to be thought of as network services. In this model, an application service provider (ASP provides and maintains software resources as well as the necessary hardware resources. The project would create a robust, user-friendly collaborative software environment and make it available to the US FES community. This Grid's resources would be protected by a shared security infrastructure including strong authentication to identify users and authorization to allow stakeholders to control their own resources. In this environment, access to services is stressed rather than data or software portability

20 years of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

The object of this review is to summarize the achievements of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994) and Marmar, Fusion Sci. Technol. 51, 261 (2007)] and to place that research in the context of the quest for practical fusion energy. C-Mod is a compact, high-field tokamak, whose unique design and operating parameters have produced a wealth of new and important results since it began operation in 1993, contributing data that extends tests of critical physical models into new parameter ranges and into new regimes. Using only high-power radio frequency (RF) waves for heating and current drive with innovative launching structures, C-Mod operates routinely at reactor level power densities and achieves plasma pressures higher than any other toroidal confinement device. C-Mod spearheaded the development of the vertical-target divertor and has always operated with high-Z metal plasma facing components—approaches subsequently adopted for ITER. C-Mod has made ground-breaking discoveries in divertor physics and plasma-material interactions at reactor-like power and particle fluxes and elucidated the critical role of cross-field transport in divertor operation, edge flows and the tokamak density limit. C-Mod developed the I-mode and the Enhanced Dα H-mode regimes, which have high performance without large edge localized modes and with pedestal transport self-regulated by short-wavelength electromagnetic waves. C-Mod has carried out pioneering studies of intrinsic rotation and demonstrated that self-generated flow shear can be strong enough in some cases to significantly modify transport. C-Mod made the first quantitative link between the pedestal temperature and the H-mode's performance, showing that the observed self-similar temperature profiles were consistent with critical-gradient-length theories and followed up with quantitative tests of nonlinear gyrokinetic models. RF research highlights include direct experimental observation of ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) mode-conversion, ICRF flow drive, demonstration of lower-hybrid current drive at ITER-like densities and fields and, using a set of novel diagnostics, extensive validation of advanced RF codes. Disruption studies on C-Mod provided the first observation of non-axisymmetric halo currents and non-axisymmetric radiation in mitigated disruptions. A summary of important achievements and discoveries are included.United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-FC02-99ER54512)United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-FG03-94ER-54241)United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-AC02-78ET- 51013)United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-AC02-09CH11466)United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-FG02-95ER54309)United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-AC02-05CH11231)United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-AC52-07NA27344)United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-FG02- 97ER54392)United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Agreement DE-SC00-02060

PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DAN STAKEHOLDER DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KOMUNITAS PERDESAAN

Empowerment is road to participation and participation determine social and economical community development program's impacts. Generally, this research aims to identifiy the correlation between participation level of society and stakeholders in holding Corporate Social Responsibility program of Geothermal Corporation through Micro Finance Board and its impact to the society's social and economical condition. This research was concerned to see the implementation of Community Based Micro Finance Program in Kabandungan District by holding LKMS Kartini. The subjects of this research were the society of Cihamerang Village, including its local government and local community, also corporate staffs. Methodes which are implied in this reseach consist of quantitative and qualitative study. Sample taken as many as fourty-five respondents who represent Cihamerang Village community, with the informant as many as nine persons. Results of this research shows that every stakeholders have different type and degree of participation. The higher micro finance board member's participation level in every steps of program implementation, the higher social and economical impacts will be got