Plagues, Oblivion, and the Anonymous Dead Echoes from Seneca’s Oedipus and Lucan’s Civil War to COVID-19

The dead who are piled up in the literary worlds of Seneca’s Oedipus and Lucan’s Civil War are not very different than those of modernity. In their anonymity and silence, they speak so much about the atrocities and traumatic events of the societies in which they live. In Oedipus, nameless citizens claustrophobically are joined to one another in death, and, in Civil War, heaps of dead rot as Caesar looks on. One cannot help being reminded of the mass graves on Hart Island, the refrigerated morgue trucks, and the mass funeral pyres in India. This essay explores how the dead in these two ancient texts reverberate through time to the dead of our current pandemic, and, though anonymous and silent, haunt the living through their suffering, alienation, and absence. Through sheer numbers and the spaces, they leave behind, these ghosts gain a collective voice they never had while living

Provider reported implementation of nutrition-related practices in childcare centers and family childcare homes in rural and urban Nebraska

Approximately 15 million children under age 6 are in childcare settings, offering childcare providers an opportunity to influence children’s dietary intake. Childcare settings vary in organizational structure – childcare centers (CCCs) vs. family childcare homes (FCCHs) – and in geographical location – urban vs. rural. Research on the nutrition-related best practices across these childcare settings is scarce. The objective of this study is to compare nutrition-related best practices of CCCs and FCCHs that participate in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) in rural and urban Nebraska. Nebraska providers (urban n = 591; rural n = 579) reported implementation level, implementation difficulty and barriers to implementing evidence-informed food served and mealtime practices. Chi-square tests comparing CCCs and FCCHs in urban Nebraska and CCCs and FCCHs in rural Nebraska showed sub-optimal implementation for some practices across all groups, including limiting fried meats and high sugar/ high fat foods, using healthier foods or non-food treats for celebrations and serving meals family style. Significant differences (p \u3c .05) between CCCs and FCCHs also emerged, especially with regard to perceived barriers to implementing best practices. For example, CCCs reported not having enough money to cover the cost of meals for providers, lack of control over foods served and storage problems, whereas FCCHs reported lack of time to prepare healthier foods and sit with children during mealtimes. Findings suggest that policy and public health interventions may need to be targeted to address the unique challenges of implementing evidence-informed practices within different organizational structures and geographic locations

Improvement of Oxygen-Depolarized Cathodes in Highly Alkaline Media by Electrospinning of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Barrier Layers

Oxygen‐depolarized cathodes (ODC) were developed for chlor‐alkali electrolysis to replace the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) providing electrical energy savings up to 30 % under industrially relevant conditions. These electrodes consist of micro sized silver grains and polytetrafluoroethylene, forming a homogeneous electrode structure. In this work, we report on the modification of ODCs by implementing an electrospun layer of hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) into the ODC structure, leading to a significantly enhanced ORR performance. The modified electrodes are physically characterized by liquid flow porometry, contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical characterization is performed by linear sweep voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. The overpotential for ORR at application near conditions could be reduced by up to 75 mV at 4 kA m−2 and 135 mV at a higher current density of 9.5 kA m−2. Consequently, we propose that modifying ODCs by electrospinning is an effective and cost‐efficient way to further reduce the energy demand of the ORR in highly alkaline media

Provider reported implementation of nutrition-related practices in childcare centers and family childcare homes in rural and urban Nebraska

Approximately 15 million children under age 6 are in childcare settings, offering childcare providers an opportunity to influence children’s dietary intake. Childcare settings vary in organizational structure – childcare centers (CCCs) vs. family childcare homes (FCCHs) – and in geographical location – urban vs. rural. Research on the nutrition-related best practices across these childcare settings is scarce. The objective of this study is to compare nutrition-related best practices of CCCs and FCCHs that participate in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) in rural and urban Nebraska. Nebraska providers (urban n = 591; rural n = 579) reported implementation level, implementation difficulty and barriers to implementing evidence-informed food served and mealtime practices. Chi-square tests comparing CCCs and FCCHs in urban Nebraska and CCCs and FCCHs in rural Nebraska showed sub-optimal implementation for some practices across all groups, including limiting fried meats and high sugar/ high fat foods, using healthier foods or non-food treats for celebrations and serving meals family style. Significant differences (p \u3c .05) between CCCs and FCCHs also emerged, especially with regard to perceived barriers to implementing best practices. For example, CCCs reported not having enough money to cover the cost of meals for providers, lack of control over foods served and storage problems, whereas FCCHs reported lack of time to prepare healthier foods and sit with children during mealtimes. Findings suggest that policy and public health interventions may need to be targeted to address the unique challenges of implementing evidence-informed practices within different organizational structures and geographic locations

The skeletal phenotype of chondroadherin deficient mice

Chondroadherin, a leucine rich repeat extracellular matrix protein with functions in cell to matrix interactions, binds cells via their a2b1 integrin as well as via cell surface proteoglycans, providing for different sets of signals to the cell. Additionally, the protein acts as an anchor to the matrix by binding tightly to collagens type I and II as well as type VI. We generated mice with inactivated chondroadherin gene to provide integrated studies of the role of the protein. The null mice presented distinct phenotypes with affected cartilage as well as bone. At 3–6 weeks of age the epiphyseal growth plate was widened most pronounced in the proliferative zone. The proteome of the femoral head articular cartilage at 4 months of age showed some distinct differences, with increased deposition of cartilage intermediate layer protein 1 and fibronectin in the chondroadherin deficient mice, more pronounced in the female. Other proteins show decreased levels in the deficient mice, particularly pronounced for matrilin-1, thrombospondin-1 and notably the members of the a1-antitrypsin family of proteinase inhibitors as well as for a member of the bone morphogenetic protein growth factor family. Thus, cartilage homeostasis is distinctly altered. The bone phenotype was expressed in several ways. The number of bone sialoprotein mRNA expressing cells in the proximal tibial metaphysic was decreased and the osteoid surface was increased possibly indicating a change in mineral metabolism. Micro-CT revealed lower cortical thickness and increased structure model index, i.e. the amount of plates and rods composing the bone trabeculas. The structural changes were paralleled by loss of function, where the null mice showed lower femoral neck failure load and tibial strength during mechanical testing at 4 months of age. The skeletal phenotype points at a role for chondroadherin in both bone and cartilage homeostasis, however, without leading to altered longitudinal growth

Echocardiographic imaging of tricuspid and pulmonary valve abnormalities in primary ovarian carcinoid tumor

Carcinoid is a rare malignancy originating from enterochromaffin cells and is clinically characterized by flushing, diarrhea and bronchospasm, due to secretion of vasoactive substances. A dreaded complication is carcinoid heart disease, which mainly affects right cardiac chambers, resulting in thickened, immobile and retracted tricuspid and pulmonary valves. In the current report, a case of a 60-year old female presenting with symptoms of right heart failure is described. Transthoracic two-dimensional and real-time three-dimensional echocardiography findings, as well as biochemical markers, including pro-BNP and NT-pro-BNP, were consistent with carcinoid syndrome. The histological diagnosis of carcinoid was confirmed after surgical resection of an ovarian mass

Linking Yeast Gcn5p Catalytic Function and Gene Regulation Using a Quantitative, Graded Dominant Mutant Approach

Establishing causative links between protein functional domains and global gene regulation is critical for advancements in genetics, biotechnology, disease treatment, and systems biology. This task is challenging for multifunctional proteins when relying on traditional approaches such as gene deletions since they remove all domains simultaneously. Here, we describe a novel approach to extract quantitative, causative links by modulating the expression of a dominant mutant allele to create a function-specific competitive inhibition. Using the yeast histone acetyltransferase Gcn5p as a case study, we demonstrate the utility of this approach and (1) find evidence that Gcn5p is more involved in cell-wide gene repression, instead of the accepted gene activation associated with HATs, (2) identify previously unknown gene targets and interactions for Gcn5p-based acetylation, (3) quantify the strength of some Gcn5p-DNA associations, (4) demonstrate that this approach can be used to correctly identify canonical chromatin modifications, (5) establish the role of acetyltransferase activity on synthetic lethal interactions, and (6) identify new functional classes of genes regulated by Gcn5p acetyltransferase activity—all six of these major conclusions were unattainable by using standard gene knockout studies alone. We recommend that a graded dominant mutant approach be utilized in conjunction with a traditional knockout to study multifunctional proteins and generate higher-resolution data that more accurately probes protein domain function and influence

DNA-Methylierungsdynamik bei fünf Patienten mit akuter myeloischer Leukämie unter 5-Aza-2-Deoxycytidin-Therapie

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease that typically affects the elderly with a median patient’s age of 65 to 70 years. Most of these patients are in reduced general condition and not eligible for standard induction chemotherapy. They are therefore candidates for investigational therapy. Aberrant methylation of CpG islands has been shown to contribute to leukemogenesis by transcriptional inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Reversal of hypermethylation by inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases is a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of myeloid neoplasms. The phase II trial FR00331 showed that continued low-dose 5-Aza-2´-deoxycytidine (DAC) is an active first-line treatment in elderly AML patients (>60 years) ineligible for induction chemotherapy. Predictive biomarkers are helpful for an individual treatment decision-making. The evaluation of gene-promoter methylation as a biomarker to predict clinical response to therapy with demethylating agents is a new approach. In this study, we investigated methylation dynamics in sequential samples of five patients that were treated according to the FR00331 protocol. The methylation status of 19 cancer-related genes at diagnosis and after completion of two DAC courses was analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and compared to clinical patient´s data. The profile of CpG island hypermethylation at diagnosis was heterogeneous among the AML patients (range 0-6/19 methylated genes). Following DAC treatment, an increase in the number of hypermethylated genes could be detected in three patients, while one patient showed a decrease and in one case there was no change in methylation profile. The patient with the greatest number of hypermethylated genes at diagnosis was the only one to show a reduction of methylation after DAC therapy and had the longest overall survival. Our data from a limited number of patients show that methylation patterns at diagnosis and methylation dynamics following treatment with DAC are heterogeneous. Further studies are reasonable to clarify whether gene methylation signatures may be useful as a predictive biomarker for elderly AML patients in therapy with epigenetically targeted therapies

Comparison of Functional Reach in Fallers and Nonfallers in an Independent Retirement Community

The older population in America is steadily increasing. Additionally, falls increase dramatically with age. Balance disorders and postural control changes have been found to contribute to falls sustained by the elderly. Functional Reach (FR) has been proposed as a simple balance assessment tool which is valid, reliable, and sensitive to changes in balance. The aim of this study was to compare the FR of fallers and nonfallers living independently in a retirement community. Fifty-two subjects were divided into three age groups and categorized by fall status. The first three correctly performed FR trials were measured and recorded. After the age of 84 years, FR significantly decreases. There were no significant differences in the FR between fallers and nonfallers among community dwelling seniors. A simple standardized balance assessment tool needs to be developed to identify those older people at risk for falling. Functional Reach has the potential to be such a tool. However, FR needs to be standardized according to the age and activity level of the population being tested

The Cambrian edrioasteroid Stromatocystites (Echinodermata): Systematics, palaeogeography, and palaeoecology

International audienceThe Cambrian edrioasteroid Stromatocystites is reported and described from Spain, Sweden and Turkey. All previously known occurrences of the genus are critically reviewed, and S.flexibilis is reinterpreted as a junior synonym of S. pentangularis. Stromatocystites was biogeographically widespread and colonized different areas of Baltica, Gondwana (Arabian, eastern and western margins) and Laurentia (western Newfoundland). Stratigraphically, it ranges from Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4 to Cambrian Series 3, Drumian. Stromatocystites lived in quiet water environments with stabilized substrates. It was attached directly to the substrate by its aboral surface. As these environments were widespread throughout Baltica, Gondwana and Laurentia, availability of suitable substrates for larval settlement and oceanic palaeocurrents led to the successful development of Stromatocystites colonies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved