High paternal age and risk of psychiatric disorders in offspring

Parental ages at childbirth are increasing all over the world and later parenthood might have n egative health outcomes for the offspring. During recent year, numerous studies report links between and high paternal age and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. However, the knowledge about this association is limited. The aim of this thesis was to gain valuable knowledge about the paternal age effect regarding its specificity, transmission and mechanism. The studies were conducted in an epidemiological setting by using multiple large population - based data sources that also enable cont rolling for a range of documented risk factors including parental, perinatal and socioeconomic variables. In our first study we reported, for the first time, that high paternal age also is associated with bipolar disorder. The risk increased monotonically with age of the father an d was, compared to younger men, highest in offspring of men in the oldest age category including men aged 55 years and older ( odds ratio = 1 .37) after adjustments. It was also evident that the paternal age effect was stronger when only analyzing individuals with an early disorder onset. In study II, we confirmed an association between advancing paternal age and autism in the offspring. More importantly, we found an association between advancing paternal age and autism risk in the grandchild. Compared to younger fathers, men who fathered a daughter when they were 50 years or older were 1.79 times more likely to have a grandchild with autism, and men who father a son at 50 years of age or older were 1.67 times more likely to have an affected grandchild. An increased burden of rare copy number variants (CNVs) has been found in individuals with schizophrenia and it has been suggested that CNVs can arise during replication. In study III, we used a sample consisting of individuals affect ed with schizophrenia and matched controls and examined paternal age in relation to rare CNVs. Although we found that rare CNVs were more common in individuals with schizophrenia and that their fathers were on average 0.75 years older than controls, we fou nd no association between rare CNVs and paternal age. In study IV, twin analyses showed that late fatherhood defined as becoming a father at age 40 years or above is under genetic influence (heritability = 0.33). However, a genetic liability for psychiatr ic disorders in men or their spouse was not associated with later fatherhood. Instead, a genetic liability for these disorders was generally associated with men having children at younger ages. In conclusion, this thesis provides valuable knowledge about advanced paternal age as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders and might have important implications for clinicians, researchers, and those affected by the disorders

Association between parental age and asthma in a population-based register study

In a nationwide population-based study with family design, we found an association between decreasing parental age and asthma in early childhood. The effect was independent of familial and potentially confounding factors.NoneAccepte

Autism risk across generations: a population-based study of advancing grandpaternal and paternal age

Importance: Advancing paternal age has been linked to autism

Promoting Fruit and Vegetable Consumption for Childhood Obesity Prevention

Currently, food marketing for unhealthy foods is omnipresent. Foods high in fat, salt, and sugar (HFSS) are advertised intensively on several media platforms, including digital platforms that are increasingly used by children, such as social media, and can be bought almost everywhere. This could contribute to the obesity epidemic that we are facing. As the majority of children and adolescents do not eat the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables (F&V), which leads to chronic diseases, we need to change the obesogenic environment to a healthogenic environment. Reducing the marketing of energy-dense snacks to children and increasing the promotion of healthier foods, such as fruits and vegetables, may be an effective and necessary instrument to improve the dietary intake of children and reduce the risk of their experiencing some chronic diseases later in life. With this focused narrative review, we provide an overview of how children and adolescents react to food promotions and how food promotional efforts might be a useful tool to increase the attractiveness of fruit and vegetables. This review therefore contributes to the question of how changing the advertising and media environment of children and adolescents could help create a world where the healthy choice is the easier choice, which would reduce childhood obesity and improve children’s health, as well as to make the food system more sustainable

HUBUNGAN KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship work motivation and employee performance, relationship with the leadership performance of employees of PT. Sari Coffee Indonesia. This research was descriptive - correlation with a sample of 30 employees and the data were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation analysis. The results of this study indicate that (1) Based on the results of Spearman correlation test above can be seen significant value of 0.000 <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the variables of leadership performance, while the value of Spearman correlation between leadership and performance of 0.667 which is positive and signifies the strong relationship, it means there is a positive relationship that is if the leadership increases, the performance will increase, and vice versa. (2) Based on the results of Spearman correlation test above can be seen significant value of 0.000 <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the variables of motivation to performance, while the value of Spearman correlation between motivation and performance of 0.714 which is positive and indicates a great relationship strong, it means there is a positive relationship that if the motivation increases, the performance will increase, and vice versa.Keyword leadership, work motivation and employee performance

Food advertising and eating behavior in children

Systematic research reviews have repeatedly shown that food advertising affects children\u27s eating behavior. Given that most food advertising promotes unhealthy, palatable, and rewarding food products, it is considered to be a significant contributor to the current obesity epidemic. This review describes recent studies that have tested the effect of contemporary food advertisements on children\u27s eating behavior, including newly emerging data showing marketing effects on subconscious cognitive processes and studies illuminating the mechanistic underpinnings of these effects. In addition, this review presents an integration of empirical findings in a new theoretical framework that increases the understanding of the effects of food advertising on eating behavior and might be used for future research in this area

Older fathers' children have lower evolutionary fitness across four centuries and in four populations

Peer reviewe

Relaxed selection and mutation accumulation are best studied empirically : reply to Woodley of Menie et al.

Correction to: replay to Woodley of Menie et al. 10.1098/rspb.2018.1427.Peer reviewe

Integrating In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of Peptide Binding Affinity to HLA-Cw*0102: A Bioinformatic Approach to the Prediction of New Epitopes

Background: Predictive models of peptide-Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) binding affinity are important components of modern computational immunovaccinology. Here, we describe the development and deployment of a reliable peptide-binding prediction method for a previously poorly-characterized human MHC class I allele, HLA-Cw*0102. Methodology/Findings: Using an in-house, flow cytometry-based MHC stabilization assay we generated novel peptide binding data, from which we derived a precise two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR) binding model. This allowed us to explore the peptide specificity of HLA-Cw*0102 molecule in detail. We used this model to design peptides optimized for HLA-Cw*0102-binding. Experimental analysis showed these peptides to have high binding affinities for the HLA-Cw*0102 molecule. As a functional validation of our approach, we also predicted HLA-Cw*0102-binding peptides within the HIV-1 genome, identifying a set of potent binding peptides. The most affine of these binding peptides was subsequently determined to be an epitope recognized in a subset of HLA-Cw*0102-positive individuals chronically infected with HIV-1. Conclusions/Significance: A functionally-validated in silico-in vitro approach to the reliable and efficient prediction of peptide binding to a previously uncharacterized human MHC allele HLA-Cw*0102 was developed. This technique is generally applicable to all T cell epitope identification problems in immunology and vaccinology