A DESCRIMINALIZAÇÃO DO ABORTO: ANÁLISE DA ARGUIÇÃO DE DESCUMPRIMENTO DE PRECEITO FUNDAMENTAL (ADPF) 442

O presente artigo científico objetiva analisar a Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF) 442, na qual, o Partido Socialismo e Liberdade (P-SOL) requer ao Supremo Tribunal Federal a declaração a não recepção parcial dos artigos 124 e 126 do Código Penal (CP) pela Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil (CF) de 1988, para excluir do seu âmbito de incidência a interrupção da gravidez induzida e voluntária provocada no primeiro trimestre de gestação. Para tanto, será abordado sobre o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, a diferenciação entre a autonomia da vontade e a autonomia privada, a proteção constitucional à autonomia privada da mulher, os direitos fundamentais, o direito à vida, o aborto na legislação penal brasileira, os requisitos de uma ADPF e a síntese da ADPF 442

Entendendo e combatendo a obesidade em crianças e adolescentes

Considerando a preocupação com as consequências da alimentação contemporânea na saúde dos jovens na etapa atual e na vida futura, este artigo objetiva aumentar a compreensão e discutir aspectos associados ao sobrepeso e a obesidade nas primeiras etapas da vida. O artigo aborda a deseducação alimentar que se inicia no desmame e discute o estereótipo de que os “bebezões” são os mais saudáveis; além disso, explica como a televisão e a falta de atividade física, entre outros aspectos, podem contribuir como fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de sobrepeso e obesidade. Por fim, este artigo fornece orientações para os pais e educadores com vistas à prevenção e tratamento do sobrepeso e da obesidade entre os jovens, com foco nos hábitos alimentares e na prática de atividade física

Avaliação do consumo dietético, desidratação e grau de fadiga em um grupo de ciclistas amadores

Introdução e objetivo: O ciclismo é uma modalidade esportiva cada vez mais comum entre os indivíduos. Uma alimentação desiquilibrada, bem como uma ingestão hídrica inadequada podem exercer papel importante na fadiga e no desempenho do atleta. Portanto, este estudo objetivou avaliar o consumo dietético, a desidratação e o grau de fadiga de ciclistas amadores após um treino de 54 km. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 12 ciclistas amadores, do sexo masculino e idade entre 27-61 anos, de um grupo de ciclistas de Santa Cruz do Sul-RS, Brasil. Determinou-se o consumo dietético pelo programa DietWin, a partir do registro alimentar de 24h. A desidratação foi determinada pela porcentagem de perda de peso e utilizou-se a escala subjetiva de Borg para avaliar o grau de fadiga. Discussão e Resultados: Dos ciclistas avaliados, 41,7% apresentavam ingestão inadequada de calorias e 50% estavam ingerindo carboidratos insuficientes, assim como 50% deles estavam consumindo gorduras em excesso. Quanto ao consumo de micronutrientes, observou-se uma prevalência de inadequação de 100% para vitamina D. Observou-se baixo consumo e ingestão acima da UL para potássio e o sódio, respectivamente. Com relação a desidratação, os ciclistas apresentaram-se levemente desidratados ou desidratação significante e o treino ciclístico realizado foi considerado razoavelmente fácil (41,7%) ou um pouco difícil (33,3%). Conclusão: Estes dados demostram que ciclistas amadores tendem a realizar uma alimentação desiquilibra, que pode influenciar no seu desempenho. Contudo, mesmo apresentando desidratação leve ou significante, pouco influenciou na percepção subjetiva de fadiga dos mesmos. ABSTRACT Evaluation of dietary intake, dehydration and degree of fatigue in a group of amateur cyclistsIntroduction and Aim: Cycling is a sport modality increasingly common among individuals. Unbalanced diet as well as inadequate water intake can play an important role in athlete fatigue and performance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the dietary intake, dehydration and degree of fatigue of amateur cyclists after a training of 54 km. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 12 male amateur cyclists and 27-61 years old from a group of cyclists from Santa Cruz do Sul-RS, Brazil. Dietary intake was determined by the DietWin program, based on the 24-hour food record. Dehydration was determined by the percentage of weight loss and the subjective Borg scale was used to evaluate the degree of fatigue. Discussion and Results: Of cyclists evaluated, 41.7% presented inadequate calorie intake and 50% were eating insufficient carbohydrates and just as 50% of them were consuming excess fats. Regarding micronutrient intake, a prevalence of inadequacy of 100% for vitamin D was observed. Low intake and intake above UL were observed for potassium and sodium, respectively. Concerning dehydration, cyclists were slightly dehydrated or significant dehydration, and cycling training was considered reasonably easy (41.7%) or slightly difficult (33.3%). Conclusion: These data demonstrate that amateur cyclists tend to perform unbalanced feeding, which may influence their performance. However, even with mild or significant dehydration, it had little influence on the subjective perception of fatigue

Geoprocessing and prevalence of incomplete prenatal booklets and gestational diabetes screening in a southern Brazilian University Hospital

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of an incomplete prenatal booklet and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening of postpartum women in a southern Brazilian University Hospital, relating to the municipality of origin and the neighborhood in which they live. Methods: cross-sectional study, including 283 postpartum women, aged over 18 years and who had their births at the University Hospital of Santa Maria/Brazil from January to April 2015. An incomplete prenatal booklet was defined in the absence of any data referring to the obstetric history and the current pregnancy, as well as the lack of identification of the pregnant woman and the Health Unit where prenatal care was performed. For GDM screening, information on fasting blood glucose and risk factors collected from the postpartum women was used. The SPSS 20.0 program was used for descriptive statistics and the Geolocation maps were separated by municipalities of origin and by neighborhoods where the prenatal care of the puerperal women occurred and plotted according to the variables evaluated, using the ArcGIS 10.3 software. Results: the prevalence of an incomplete prenatal booklet was 79.2%, while prevalence of positive GDM screening was 73.9%. The geolocation pointed out 14 municipalities of origin and six neighborhoods where prenatal care had the highest prevalence of incomplete prenatal booklets. For GDM screening, spatial distribution showed ten municipalities of origin and four neighborhoods with a higher prevalence of positive screening for GDM. Conclusion: the geolocation showed that 14 municipalities of origin and six neighborhoods had the highest prevalence of incomplete prenatal booklets. In addition, ten municipalities of origin and four neighborhoods presented with higher prevalence of positive screening for GDM

Food consumption is associated with hyperuricemia in boys

Hyperuricemia is related to health issues among children and adolescents, once the uric acid concentration is associated with metabolic syndrome, hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia. However, few studies are addressing uric acid levels and food uptake in this age group. Aim To verify the association between food consumption and uric acid in children and adolescents. Methods This is a cross-sectional study developed with 2335 children and adolescents of both genders aged 6–17 years old. Blood collection was performed after 12 h of fasting. Uric acid values were classifed according to tertiles, in which the highest tertile was considered as hyperuricemia. Food consumption was evaluated by weekly consumption frequency questionnaire. Pearson correlation and logistic binary regressions were used for statistical analysis. Models were adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), and skin color/ethnicity. Results It was found an association between red meat consumption and hyperuricemia only in boys in the crude model (OR=1.56; 95% CI 1.12; 2.18). Also, there was an association between pasta (OR=1.52; 95% CI 1.11; 2.10) with hyperuricemia in boys, when adjusted age, systolic blood pressure, BMI, and skin color/ethnicity. Conclusion The knowledge of food patterns which are predisposing factors for the increase in serum uric acid levels is important for the implementation of strategies and public health policies for health promotion among children and adolescents

Combination of sleep duration, TV time and body mass index is associated with cardiometabolic risk moderated by age in youth

The combination of sleep duration, television (TV) time and body mass index (BMI) may be related to the alteration of cardiometabolic risk. However, there are few studies that use these variables grouped, and showing the moderating role of age. This study aimed to verify if the combination of sleep duration, TV time and BMI is associated with cardiometabolic risk and the moderating role of age in this relationship in youth. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted with 1411 adolescents (611 male), aged 10–17 years. Sleep duration, TV time and BMI were assessed and grouped into eight categories. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed by a continuous metabolic risk score, including the following variables: low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, dysglycemia, high systolic blood pressure, high waist circumference and low cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized linear models were used to test moderation of age in the relationship between the eight categories of sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk. Results Cardiometabolic risk factor showed association with all overweight or obesity independent of sleep time and TV time. Age moderated the relationship between sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk. This association was stronger in younger adolescents (11 and 13 years), indicating that individuals with inadequate sleep, prolonged TV time and overweight/obesity present higher cardiometabolic risk values when compared to 15-year-old adolescents. Conclusion Overweight/obesity, independently of sleep duration and TV time, is the main risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders in adolescence. When moderated by age, younger adolescents that presented the combination of risk factors had higher cardiometabolic risk

Relação do consumo alimentar de fibras e da carga glicêmica sobre marcadores glicêmicos, antropométricos e dietéticos em pacientes pré-diabéticos.

Background and objectives: Pre-diabetes is the first stage of risk of developing diabetes. Evidences suggest that the glycemic control is directly associated to the fibers intake. This study correlated the influence of fibers intake and glycemic load with glycemic, anthropometric and dietetic markers in pre-diabetic patients. Methods: Fibers intake, glycemic load and macronutrients were evaluated as well as fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and anthropometry. Results: Positive correlation between fibers intake and glycemic load was observed (r = 0.298; p = 0.029). However, there was no association between glucose and anthropometric markers with fiber intake and the CG (p> 0.05). It has been found that fibers intake was lower than recommended. Fibers intake and glycemic load correlated themselves with carbohydrates (r = 0.338; p = 0.009 and r = 0.412; p ≤ 0,001, respectively) and calories per day (r = 0.326; p = 0.018 and r = 0.393; p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Dietary fiber intake was associated with glycemic load and was influenced by increased intake of dietary carbohydrates and calories. Moreover, the consumption of fibers proved opposite to glucose and anthropometric markers, even if insufficiently ingested. KEY-WORDS: Prediabetic State. Dietary Fiber. Anthropometry.Justificativa e Objetivos: Pré-diabetes é o primeiro estágio de risco para o desenvolvimento da diabetes. Evidências sugerem que o controle glicêmico está diretamente associado ao consumo de fibras. Este estudo relacionou a influência do consumo de fibras e da carga glicêmica (CG) com marcadores glicêmicos, antropométricos e dietéticos em pacientes pré-diabéticos. Métodos: Avaliou-se o consumo de fibras, CG e macronutrientes, como também a glicemia de jejum e hemoglobina glicada (A1C) e antropometria. Resultados: Observou-se a correlação entre o consumo de fibras e a CG (r = 0,298; p=0,029). Entretanto, nem o consumo de fibras nem a CG associou-se significativamente com marcadores glicêmicos e antropométricos (p>0,05). Verificou-se que o consumo médio de fibras ficou abaixo do recomendado. O consumo de fibras e a CG correlacionaram-se com a ingestão de carboidratos (r=0,338; p=0,009 e r=0,412; p≤0,001) e calorias/dia (r=0,326; p=0,018 e r=0,393; p=0,002), respectivamente. Conclusão: O consumo alimentar de fibras associou-se a carga glicêmica, bem como foram influenciados pelo aumento da ingestão de carboidratos e calorias da dieta. Além disso, o consumo de fibras mostrou-se inverso aos marcadores glicêmicos e antropométricos, mesmo sendo ingerido insuficientemente. DESCRITORES: Pré-diabetes. Fibras na Dieta. Antropometria