14,744 research outputs found
An Evidence Based Time-Frequency Search Method for Gravitational Waves from Pulsar Glitches
We review and expand on a Bayesian model selection technique for the
detection of gravitational waves from neutron star ring-downs associated with
pulsar glitches. The algorithm works with power spectral densities constructed
from overlapping time segments of gravitational wave data. Consequently, the
original approach was at risk of falsely identifying multiple signals where
only one signal was present in the data. We introduce an extension to the
algorithm which uses posterior information on the frequency content of detected
signals to cluster events together. The requirement that we have just one
detection per signal is now met with the additional bonus that the belief in
the presence of a signal is boosted by incorporating information from adjacent
time segments.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted to AMALDI 7 proceeding
Meta-Stable Brane Configuration and Gauged Flavor Symmetry
Starting from an N=1 supersymmetric electric gauge theory with the gauge
group Sp(N_c) x SO(2N_c') with fundamentals for the first gauge group factor
and a bifundamental, we apply Seiberg dual to the symplectic gauge group only
and arrive at the N=1 supersymmetric dual magnetic gauge theory with dual
matters including the gauge singlets and superpotential. By analyzing the
F-term equations of the dual magnetic superpotential, we describe the
intersecting brane configuration of type IIA string theory corresponding to the
meta-stable nonsupersymmetric vacua of this gauge theory.Comment: 16 pp, 3 figures; stability analysis in page 7 and 8 added and the
presentation improved; reduced bytes of figures and to appear in MPL
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Methane emissions from the 2015 Aliso Canyon blowout in Los Angeles, CA.
Single-point failures of natural gas infrastructure can hamper methane emission control strategies designed to mitigate climate change. The 23 October 2015 blowout of a well connected to the Aliso Canyon underground storage facility in California resulted in a massive release of natural gas. Analysis of methane and ethane data from dozens of plume transects, collected during 13 research-aircraft flights between 7 November 2015 and 13 February 2016, shows atmospheric leak rates of up to 60 metric tons of methane and 4.5 metric tons of ethane per hour. At its peak, this blowout effectively doubled the methane emission rate of the entire Los Angeles basin and, in total, released 97,100 metric tons of methane to the atmosphere
The role of low-mass star clusters in massive star formation. The Orion Case
To distinguish between the different theories proposed to explain massive
star formation, it is crucial to establish the distribution, the extinction,
and the density of low-mass stars in massive star-forming regions. We analyze
deep X-ray observations of the Orion massive star-forming region using the
Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project (COUP) catalog. We studied the stellar
distribution as a function of extinction, with cells of 0.03 pc x 0.03 pc, the
typical size of protostellar cores. We derived stellar density maps and
calculated cluster stellar densities. We found that low-mass stars cluster
toward the three massive star-forming regions: the Trapezium Cluster (TC), the
Orion Hot Core (OHC), and OMC1-S. We derived low-mass stellar densities of
10^{5} stars pc^{-3} in the TC and OMC1-S, and of 10^{6} stars pc^{-3} in the
OHC. The close association between the low-mass star clusters with massive star
cradles supports the role of these clusters in the formation of massive stars.
The X-ray observations show for the first time in the TC that low-mass stars
with intermediate extinction are clustered toward the position of the most
massive star, which is surrounded by a ring of non-extincted low-mass stars.
This 'envelope-core' structure is also supported by infrared and optical
observations. Our analysis suggests that at least two basic ingredients are
needed in massive star formation: the presence of dense gas and a cluster of
low-mass stars. The scenario that better explains our findings assumes high
fragmentation in the parental core, accretion at subcore scales that forms a
low-mass stellar cluster, and subsequent competitive accretion. Finally,
although coalescence does not seem a common mechanism for building up massive
stars, we show that a single stellar merger may have occurred in the evolution
of the OHC cluster, favored by the presence of disks, binaries, and gas
accretion.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, 3 Tables. Accepted for publication in A&
A new intermediate mass protostar in the Cepheus A HW2 region
We present the discovery of the first molecular hot core associated with an
intermediate mass protostar in the CepA HW2 region. The hot condensation was
detected from single dish and interferometric observations of several high
excitation rotational lines (from 100 to 880K above the ground state) of SO2 in
the ground vibrational state and of HC3N in the vibrationally excited states
v7=1 and v7=2. The kinetic temperature derived from both molecules is 160K. The
high-angular resolution observations (1.25'' x 0.99'') of the SO2
J=28(7,21)-29(6,24) line (488K above the ground state) show that the hot gas is
concentrated in a compact condensation with a size of 0.6''(430AU), located
0.4'' (300AU) east from the radio-jet HW2. The total SO2 column density in the
hot condensation is 10E18cm-2, with a H2 column density ranging from 10E23 to 6
x 10E24cm-2. The H2 density and the SO2 fractional abundance must be larger
than 10E7cm-3 and 2 x 10E-7 respectively. The most likely alternatives for the
nature of the hot and very dense condensation are discussed. From the large
column densities of hot gas, the detection of the HC3N vibrationally excited
lines and the large SO2 abundance, we favor the interpretation of a hot core
heated by an intermediate mass protostar of 10E3 Lo. This indicates that the
CepA HW2 region contains a cluster of very young stars
D-brane Instantons as Gauge Instantons in Orientifolds of Chiral Quiver Theories
Systems of D3-branes at orientifold singularities can receive
non-perturbative D-brane instanton corrections, inducing field theory operators
in the 4d effective theory. In certain non-chiral examples, these systems have
been realized as the infrared endpoint of a Seiberg duality cascade, in which
the D-brane instanton effects arise from strong gauge theory dynamics. We
present the first UV duality cascade completion of chiral D3-brane theories, in
which the D-brane instantons arise from gauge theory dynamics. Chiral examples
are interesting because the instanton fermion zero mode sector is topologically
protected, and therefore lead to more robust setups. As an application of our
results, we provide a UV completion of certain D-brane orientifold systems
recently claimed to produce conformal field theories with conformal invariance
broken only by D-brane instantons.Comment: 50 pages, 32 figures. v2: version published in JHEP with references
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Quantum chaos and critical behavior on a chip
The Dicke model describes N qubits (or two-level atoms) homogenously coupled
to a bosonic mode. Here we examine an open-system realization of the Dicke
model, which contains critical and chaotic behaviour. In particular, we extend
this model to include an additional open transport qubit (TQ) (coupled to the
bosonic mode) for passive and active measurements. We illustrate how the
scaling (in the number of qubits N) of the superradiant phase transition can be
observed in both current and current-noise measurements through the transport
qubit. Using a master equation, we also investigate how the phase transition is
affected by the back-action from the transport qubit and losses in the cavity.
In addition, we show that the non-integrable quantum chaotic character of the
Dicke model is retained in an open-system environment. We propose how all of
these effects could been seen in a circuit QED system formed from an array of
superconducting qubits, or an atom chip, coupled to a quantized resonant cavity
(e.g., a microwave transmission line).Comment: 7 page
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