Morfologia da junção atrioventricular em Iguana iguana (Reptilia-Iguanidae)

A área da junção atrioventricular (AJAV), incluindo nó e feixe atrioventriculares foi investigada em sete corações de iguana comum ou verde (Iguana iguana), usando microscopia de luz. Animais adultos, de ambos os sexos, foram capturados no Pantanal, Brasil. Todos os corações foram fixados em formaldeído tamponado 10% (pH 7,2) por 24 horas, incluídos em parapast de acordo com métodos de rotina e seccionados com 5µm de espessura. Na iguana, a AJAV consiste de uma massa de fibras musculares mergulhada em uma quantidade variável de tecido conjuntivo e vasos sangüíneos, rodeada por miocárdio adjacente e aderida à valva atrioventricular direita no esqueleto fibroso. Através da microscopia de luz, células de condução do nó e feixe atrioventriculares podem ser distinguidas das células de trabalho por serem menores, de coloração pálida e pela presença de um envoltório de tecido conjuntivo. O nó AV bem como o feixe AV e seus ramos formam um trato contínuo. Histologicamente, encontramos fibras elásticas entre as células de condução, principalmente no nó AV. O método do PAS revelou a presença de glicogênio nas células especializadas. O esqueleto fibroso, principalmente, o trígono direito, apresentou um tecido condróide bem desenvolvido, constituído de cartilagem semelhante à hialina (condrócitos binucleados inseridos em grandes lacunas e matriz extracelular com colágeno fibrilar). O esqueleto fibroso tem fibras colágenas e cartilagem semelhante à hialina. Em conclusão, as células nodais e de Purkinje no coração de iguana apresentam pouca diferença morfológica quando comparadas às de mamíferos e aves, contudo o esqueleto fibroso tem um tipo diferente de cartilagem.The atrioventricular junctional area (AVJA), including atrioventricular (AV) node and bundle was investigated in seven hearts of common or green iguana (Iguana iguana) using the light microscopy. Adult animals, both sexes, were captured in the Pantanal, Brazil. All hearts were fixed in buffered formaldehyde 10% (pH 7.2) for 24 hours, embedded in paraplast according to routine methods, and serially cut at 5 µm thickness. In the Iguana iguana, the AVJA consists of a mass of the fibers intermingled with variable amount of connective tissue and blood vessels surrounded by adjacent myocardium and the attachment of the right atrioventricular valve in the fibrous skeleton. By light microscopy, conducting cells of the AV node and bundle can be distinguished from working cells by their much smaller size, paler staining reaction and the presence of a sheath of connective tissue. The AV node and bundle and its branches were found to constitute a continuous tract. Histochemically, we found elastic fibers between cells of the conduction, mainly in the AV node. The PAS method reveals absence of glycogen in specialized cells. The fibrous skeleton, mainly the right trigone, showed a well-developed chondroid tissue, made by hyaline like cartilage (binucleated condrocytes included in the big lacunas and extracellular matrix with fibrillar collagen). In conclusion, the nodal and Purkinje cells in heart iguana presented poorly morphological differentiation comparing mammals and birds, however the skeleton fibrous has a different cartilage kind

Evaluation of Brazilian research output in education : confronting international and national contexts

Scientific production has increased considerably in the last two decades in Brazil, placing the country as an emerging scientific power. In the field of Education, the same can be observed, with a significant growth in the number of articles published by Brazilian researchers in the recent past. In this article we evaluate Brazilian research output in Education from 2007 to 2016, with the intent to understand how national evaluation standards compare with international parameters dictated by bibliometric indicators. We confront the citation impact of Brazilian publications in the period with their classification in an expert-based journal evaluation system called QUALIS. We used Scopus’ SNIP bibliometric indicator for this analysis. The study was carried out using data about 40,825 articles published in 2719 different journals. Results showed that only a small percentage of these articles featured in Scopus indexed journals (13.28%), and most of these journals were published in Brazil (66%). The citation impact of the Scopus indexed publications had a significant growth in the period, but journals with dissimilar citation impact were not distinctively distributed in separate QUALIS categories. These findings show a certain publishing pattern that is likely to be related to the association of the Brazilian research evaluation and funding systems. In addition, they raise questions about how the establishment of evaluation criteria that is mainly subjective and does not include specific metrics may hinder the visibility of research output from a global perspective

Osteomielite fúngica de pacientes imunossuprimidos em pós cirurgia cardíaca

Objective: to know the social determinants of health that influence the lives of women victims of domestic violence. Method: Integrative literature review guided by the following question: What are the social determinants of health that influence the lives of women victims of domestic violence? The search was carried out in the databases: National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and the Cochrane Library; articles published in the period from 2015 to 2019. Results: Ten studies were included in the selection, which after analyzed demonstrated the high prevalence of domestic violence, resulting from physical, sexual, emotional aggressions related to social determinants of health such as low educational level, time marriage, unemployment, culture, housing and food insecurity. Conclusion: The health determinants identified in the studies that most influence violence against women are related to the low level of education, economic condition and unemployment, which affect women are only physically, but psychologically, demonstrating the relevance of the study, in knowing the main determinants and to reverse the situation of violence against women.Pacientes em uso de drogas imunossupressoras são de alto risco para o desenvolvimento de infecções pós-operatórias. E não necessariamente serão bacterianas. As infecções fúngicas são de baixa incidência, mas não inexistentes. Pacientes imunodeprimidos em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca podem desenvolver osteomielite fúngica na esternotomia. Dessa forma, o problema de pesquisa a ser sondado foi: Qual a ocorrência de osteomielite fúngica e condutas a serem adotadas à pacientes adultos imunossuprimidos em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca? Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, com busca de estudos dos últimos 10 anos na BVS regional e Google Scholar. Selecionou-se 13 estudos que atendiam os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Concluiu-se que a detecção precoce da infecção fúngica é muito importante para a diminuição da mortalidade e melhor prognóstico. A Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase é o método mais eficaz para a detecção precoce da infecção fúngica. Baseado nisso foi criado um fluxograma de internação de pacientes imunossuprimidos

OS PROCESSOS DE REVERSIBILIDADE LÓGICA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A APRENDIZAGEM DE CONTABILIDADE

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir acerca dos elementos que concorrem na construção do conhecimento dos sujeitos graduandos de contabilidade e a relação dos processos de reversibilidades lógicas inerentes a natureza contábil com a lógica do pensamento operatório formal. Caracteriza-se como um estudo teórico do tipo bibliográfico. O estudo demonstra que a formalização contábil, em especial a escrituração contábil, implica em processos lógicos os quais foram explicados por Piaget através do grupo INRC (Identidade; Negação; Recíproca; Correlativa). O grupo INRC é um modelo teórico destinado a dar conta da complexidade própria ao estado final do desenvolvimento lógico. As evidências teóricas levantadas pelo presente estudo, reforçam a importância de uma pesquisa empírica que busque evidências concretas da relação das incompreensões dos estudantes com as reversibilidades lógicas do pensamento operatório forma

Equilíbrio e Elasticidade: ensinando física por meio da construção de estruturas de palitos de picolé e bancos de concreto armado

O ensino de Física no ensino médio, deve ir além da memorização de equações e aquisição de informações que não fazem sentido para o aluno. A proposta em questão, procura por meio da aprendizagem significa crítica como propõe Moreira (2005) por meio dos onze princípios norteadores, um ensino de Física mais eficiente. O presente estudo visa trabalhar os conteúdos de equilíbrio e elasticidade por meio de uma sequência didática que visa o ensino centrado no aluno, onde “o professor fale menos, narre menos, e o aluno fale mais, participe criticamente de sua aprendizagem, Moreira (2017)”. Dessa maneira o conhecimento da Física deve ser apresentado “através de estratégias instrucionais que levem o aluno a falar mais, ou seja, a externalizar para o professor os significados que está captando Moreira (2017)”. A proposta busca estabelecer relações entre o novo conhecimento e o conhecimento prévio Moreira (2017) das(os) aluna(o) por meio de aulas que iniciam com práticas que visam o princípio da interação social e do questionamento. Às vezes ao iniciar um conteúdo de Física, os alunos começam a fazer questionamentos, tais como: “Professor, onde vou usar isso? Para que serve isso no meu dia-a-dia? Qual o significado desse experimento para minha vida?” Em face desses questionamentos surgiu, durante uma das nossas aulas, uma proposta de se construir bancos para que os alunos pudessem ficar mais bem acomodados no ambiente escolar. Nessa proposta, procuramos fazer com que a Física não seja uma disciplina desconectada da realidade, o que possibilita as(os) alunas(os) agir na realidade escolar por meio situações promovidas em sala de aula, produzindo o próprio banco de sentar, um objeto indispensável ao ser humano independente de sua estética

Disponibilidade hídrica e fertilização mineral nas características da madeira e do carvão vegetal de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden

As alterações na qualidade da madeira das árvores de Eucalyptus causadas pela fertilização e disponibilidade hídrica podem influenciar as características da biomassa e do carvão vegetal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características da madeira e do carvão vegetal de Eucalyptus grandis sob o efeito da fertilização com potássio e sódio (controle; 4,5 kmol ha-1 de KCl e 4,5 kmol ha-1 de NaCl) e disponibilidade hídrica (100% e 63% das chuvas, com exclusão artificial por lonas em polietileno). Árvores de Eucalyptus de cada tratamento de fertilização x disponibilidade hídrica, com cinco anos de idade, foram cortadas e obtidas amostras, na altura do DAP para a caracterização energética e física da biomassa e do carvão vegetal. A aplicação da fertilização com K e Na não influenciou as características energéticas e físicas da biomassa e do carvão vegetal. A exclusão parcial da água da chuva na plantação florestal de Eucalyptus grandis promoveu alterações nas características da biomassa e do carvão vegetal, com redução do teor de cinzas, aumento da densidade da madeira e do carvão vegetal e rendimento gravimétrico do carvão vegetal

Goats fed detoxified castor cake in different physiological stages: II. nutritional parameters, hepatic and renal

Evaluated the influence of the substitution of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC) on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, nitrogen balance and function hepatic and renal of goats fed with diets containing DCC by alkaline solutions in confinement regime during different stages of biological development (growth, pregnancy and lactation). The treatments consisted of three diets, a formulated with corn and soybean meal (SM) and the others were formulated with detoxified castor cake by calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 DCC) and another composed by detoxified castor by DCC of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In relation to the biological stages, we observed higher intakes of DM and all the nutrients by goats during lactation, representing up to 4% of body weight. In relation to renal and hepatic parameters showed that there was interaction between the diets and biological stages on the levels of total proteins, direct bilirubin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase. In a general way, the goats fed with both castor cake, regardless of the stage evaluated had higher levels. The detoxified castor cake by alkaline solutions in replacement of soybean meal proved to be a viable alternative in the feeding of goats in the three-stage biological, because it does not affect the functionality of the liver and kidney function and the nitrogen balance, in spite of the diets formulated with detoxified castor by sodium hydroxide decrease the intake of dry matter and nutrients.Evaluated the influence of the substitution of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC) on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, nitrogen balance and function hepatic and renal of goats fed with diets containing DCC by alkaline solutions in confinement regime during different stages of biological development (growth, pregnancy and lactation). The treatments consisted of three diets, a formulated with corn and soybean meal (SM) and the others were formulated with detoxified castor cake by calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2 DCC] and another composed by detoxified castor by DCC of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). In relation to the biological stages, we observed higher intakes of DM and all the nutrients by goats during lactation, representing up to 4% of body weight. In relation to renal and hepatic parameters showed that there was interaction between the diets and biological stages on the levels of total proteins, direct bilirubin, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase. In a general way, the goats fed with both castor cake, regardless of the stage evaluated had higher levels. The detoxified castor cake by alkaline solutions in replacement of soybean meal proved to be a viable alternative in the feeding of goats in the three-stage biological, because it does not affect the functionality of the liver and kidney function and the nitrogen balance, in spite of the diets formulated with detoxified castor by sodium hydroxide decrease the intake of dry matter and nutrients

Implante de tendão autógeno do músculo flexor superficial dos dedos no reparo de desvio do pênis de bovinos

Dezoito novilhos mestiços, com idade entre 16 e 20 meses, foram submetidos à remoção do ligamento apical do pênis para provocar o seu desvio. Decorridos 60 dias os animais foram colocados em presença de fêmeas em estro, sendo verificado formação de desvios ventral e lateral direito do pênis, com incapacidade de cópula. Os bovinos foram submetidos ao transplante autólogo de um segmento do tendão da porção superficial do músculo flexor superficial dos dedos, sobre a túnica albugínea, substituindo o ligamento apical do pênis removido. Observou-se a presença de poucas células mononucleares, polimorfonucleares e células gigantes e formação de tecido conjuntivo fibroso, ocasionando aderências resistentes e capacidade de sustentar a extremidade livre do pênis. Os bovinos, quando em presença de fêmeas em estro, não apresentaram desvio de pênis e modificações do comportamento sexual. A técnica mostrou ser eficaz, podendo ser indicada para corrigir desvio de pênis ventral e lateral de bovinos.In this experiment, 18 hybrid steers, from the ages between 16 and 20 months, were submitted to the removal of the penis apical ligament to provoke a penis deviation. After passed 30 days, to be tested, the animals were put together to the females that were in heat. It was verified the formation of the ventral and right lateral penis deviation with incapacity of the copula. The bovines were submitted to the autologous implant from the one following superficial portion tendon from the superficial flexor fingers muscle, on the top of albuginea tunic, replacing the apical penis ligament removed. The material implanted was well tolerated, appearance a few inflammatory cells and formation of the fibrous conjunctive tissue, causing resistant adherence and capacity of sustaining the free penis extremity. The bovines, when were among the females that were in heat, did not show a penis deviation nor sexual behavior modification. The method revealed itself satisfactory and it can be indicated to correct ventral and right lateral penis deviation in bovines

Control of the South American fruit fly in pear fruits with natural-based products

This study aimed to assess, in laboratory conditions, the effect of andiroba oil (2L 100L-1), kaolin (7.5Kg 100L-1), azadirachtin (2.5L 100L-1), metidationa (100mL 100L-1) and distilled water (control) on the oviposition and mortality of adults of A.fraterculus in no-choice and free-choice tests. The experimental design was randomized with five treatments and 20 replicatesfor the no-choice test; and 15 replicates for the free-choice test. Fruits were immersed in each treatment solution, dried at room temperature and placed in pots with two couples of A. fraterculus (no-choice test) and in arenas with four couples along with a fruit that was previously immersed in water (free-choice test).Twenty-five days after infestation, fruits were dissecated and the number of larvae was recorded as well the number of pupae and adults. Only methidathion was effective on adults with mortality of 91.3% (P<0.05). There was no larval emergence and, consequently, pupae and adult development in fruits treated with andiroba oil and methidathion in both tests. Azadirachtin and kaolin did not present any effect on A. fraterculus. Andiroba oil was effective on the reduction of the infestation of pear fruits by A. fraterculus.This study aimed to assess, in laboratory conditions, the effect of andiroba oil (2L 100L-1), kaolin (7.5Kg 100L-1), azadirachtin (2.5L 100L-1), metidationa (100mL 100L-1) and distilled water (control) on the oviposition and mortality of adults of A.fraterculus in no-choice and free-choice tests. The experimental design was randomized with five treatments and 20 replicatesfor the no-choice test; and 15 replicates for the free-choice test. Fruits were immersed in each treatment solution, dried at room temperature and placed in pots with two couples of A. fraterculus (no-choice test) and in arenas with four couples along with a fruit that was previously immersed in water (free-choice test).Twenty-five days after infestation, fruits were dissecated and the number of larvae was recorded as well the number of pupae and adults. Only methidathion was effective on adults with mortality of 91.3% (P<0.05). There was no larval emergence and, consequently, pupae and adult development in fruits treated with andiroba oil and methidathion in both tests. Azadirachtin and kaolin did not present any effect on A. fraterculus. Andiroba oil was effective on the reduction of the infestation of pear fruits by A. fraterculus