Sentido vital en la enfermedad avanzada: desarrollo de una herramienta para guiar la atención psicosocial y espiritual en el paciente y familia

Objetivo. Diseño de una herramienta para guiar la atención psicosocial y espiritual del paciente/familia en la experiencia de enferme­dad avanzada (EA) al final de la vida (FV). Aná­lisis de contenido del instrumento propuesto a partir de los resultados preliminares. Método. El Diseño inicial del instrumento se ha realizado a partir de los resultados ob­tenidos en el proyecto marco de investigación sobre Planificación Adelantada al FV (*). La aplicación del instrumento se ha conducido bajo la supervisión del personal del equipo de salud, previamente entrenado en el uso la he­rramienta. El análisis cuantitativo se ha reali­zado mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y en el análisis cualitativo se ha empleado el mé­todo comparativo constante desde la metodo­logía Grounded Theory. Muestra. Un total de 115 casos (pacientes y cuidadores principales) en situación de EA al FV provenientes de re­cursos asistenciales sanitarios, de los cuales 65 son pacientes/residentes y 47 son familiares. Todos los casos cumplen la condición de ser competentes funcionales en la comprensión y contestación al instrumento. Resultados. La herramienta consta de 17 ítems, 16 con respuesta escala tipo Likert y 1 ítem con formato de respuesta de asocia­ción libre de palabras. El análisis del contenido permite identificar cuatro dimensiones en el sentido de la experiencia de EA al FV: “En­cuentro Significativo, Redención, Resiliencia y Re-significación”. Conclusiones. Se proponen cuatro áreas existenciales/espirituales para identificar fuen­tes de sentido en la experiencia de EA. Se dis­cuten implicaciones prácticas para prevenir sufrimiento existencial, síndrome de desmora­lización y duelo patológico en el FV.Objective. The development of a tool to guide the psychosocial and spiritual attention for patients and their families in advanced disease (AD) at the end of life (EoL). To analyze the tool’s content from some preliminary results. Method. The initial tool design has been done starting from the results obtained in the framework of advance care planning research at the end of life (*). The tool has been implemented under supervision of the health team personnel previously trained in the use of the tool. The quantitative analysis was performed using the exploratory factorial analysis technique. The qualitative analysis of free association words has been conducted following the principles of constant comparative method based on Grounded theory methodology(1). Sample. A total of 115 cases (patients and main caregivers) in situation of AD at EoL were selected from health assistant resources, 65 out of which were patients/residents and 47 relatives. All cases fulfill the condition of having functional competence towards the understanding and the answer to the tool. Results. The tool consists of 17 items. Sixteen of them have a Likert-type scale response and one has a “free association words” format response. The exploratory content analysis allows us to identify four dimensions in the meaning of the AD at EoL: “Significant Meeting, Redemption, Resilience and Resignification”. Conclusions. Four areas of psychosocial/ spiritual intervention are proposed in order to detect existential-meaning sources during the AD. Practical implications for preventing existential suffering, demoralization syndrome and pathological bereavement at the EoL areProyecto financiado por la Conselleria de Sanitat «Desarrollo de un modelo de planificación adelantada al final de la vida (PAFV) para favorecer la toma de decisiones compartida y centrada en los deseos y preferencias de los pacientes y sus familias» (2011/7670), dirigido por la Dra. Virginia Carrero Plane

Sentido vital en la enfermedad avanzada: desarrollo de una herramienta para guiar la atención psicosocial y espiritual en el paciente y familia

Objective. The development of a tool to guide the psychosocial and spiritual attention for patients and their families in advanced disease (AD) at the end of life (EoL). To analyze the tool’s content from some preliminary results. Method. The initial tool design has been done starting from the results obtained in the framework of advance care planning research at the end of life (*). The tool has been implemented under supervision of the health team personnel previously trained in the use of the tool. The quantitative analysis was performed using the exploratory factorial analysis technique. The qualitative analysis of free association words has been conducted following the principles of constant comparative method based on Grounded theory methodology(1). Sample. A total of 115 cases (patients and main caregivers) in situation of AD at EoL were selected from health assistant resources, 65 out of which were patients/residents and 47 relatives. All cases fulfill the condition of having functional competence towards the understanding and the answer to the tool. Results. The tool consists of 17 items. Sixteen of them have a Likert-type scale response and one has a “free association words” format response. The exploratory content analysis allows us to identify four dimensions in the meaning of the AD at EoL: “Significant Meeting, Redemption, Resilience and Resignification”. Conclusions. Four areas of psychosocial/spiritual intervention are proposed in order to detect existential-meaning sources during the AD. Practical implications for preventing exis­tential suffering, demoralization syndrome and pathological bereavement at the EoL are.Objetivo. Diseño de una herramienta para guiar la atención psicosocial y espiritual del paciente/familia en la experiencia de enferme­dad avanzada (EA) al final de la vida (FV). Aná­lisis de contenido del instrumento propuesto a partir de los resultados preliminares. Método. El Diseño inicial del instrumento se ha realizado a partir de los resultados ob­tenidos en el proyecto marco de investigación sobre Planificación Adelantada al FV (*). La aplicación del instrumento se ha conducido bajo la supervisión del personal del equipo de salud, previamente entrenado en el uso la he­rramienta. El análisis cuantitativo se ha reali­zado mediante análisis factorial exploratorio y en el análisis cualitativo se ha empleado el mé­todo comparativo constante desde la metodo­logía Grounded Theory. Muestra. Un total de 115 casos (pacientes y cuidadores principales) en situación de EA al FV provenientes de re­cursos asistenciales sanitarios, de los cuales 65 son pacientes/residentes y 47 son familiares. Todos los casos cumplen la condición de ser competentes funcionales en la comprensión y contestación al instrumento. Resultados. La herramienta consta de 17 ítems, 16 con respuesta escala tipo Likert y 1 ítem con formato de respuesta de asocia­ción libre de palabras. El análisis del contenido permite identificar cuatro dimensiones en el sentido de la experiencia de EA al FV: “En­cuentro Significativo, Redención, Resiliencia y Re-significación”. Conclusiones. Se proponen cuatro áreas existenciales/espirituales para identificar fuen­tes de sentido en la experiencia de EA. Se dis­cuten implicaciones prácticas para prevenir sufrimiento existencial, síndrome de desmora­lización y duelo patológico en el FV

Modelado de problemas de combustión de propulsantes

[ESP] Se presenta una revisión del estado del arte en el que se identifican modelos bifásicos para analizar problemas que implican la combustión de propulsantes. En estos problemas coexisten una fase sólida, pólvora o propulsante, y una fase gaseosa que corresponde a los gases que resultan de la combustión de la primera. En este estudio se detallan aquellos modelos en los cuales el sistema de ecuaciones se completa con las ecuaciones de cierre necesarias para caracterizar físicamente el problema. [ENG] A review of the state-of-the-art two-phase models for solid propellants combustion is presented. A solid phase, solid propellant, and a gas phase, as a result of propellant combustion, coexist in these problems. In this study the models detailed are those in which the governing equations system is completed by the necessary constitutive relations to solve the problem.Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica (ETSIA), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial (ETSII), Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura y Edificación (ETSAE), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos y de Ingeniería de Minas (ETSICCPIM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa (FCCE), Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo (PTFA), Vicerrectorado de Estudiantes y Extensión de la UPCT, Vicerrectorado de Investigación e Innovación de la UPCT, y Vicerrectorado de Internacionalización y Cooperación al Desarrollo de la UPCT

Modelado tridimensional de la combustión de gases con turbulencia Large Eddy Simulation

[ESP] La mecánica de fluidos computacional permite la resolución numérica de problemas cada vez más complejos. En el presente trabajo se presenta un ejemplo de aplicación de esta técnica mediante el modelado de una cámara de combustión de gases en el que se incluye turbulencia “Large Eddy Simulation” y modelo de radiación “Finite Volume Discrete Ordinates Model” (fvDOM) mediante la herramienta de código abierto OpenFOAM. [ENG] Computational Fluid Dynamics achieves numerical resolutions of more and more complex problems. In this work it is presented an application of this branch, which consists of modelling a gas combustion chamber including “Large Eddy Simulation” and “Finite Volume Discrete Ordinates Model” (fvDOM) as turbulence and radiation models. For this purpose, the open-source CFD toolbox OpenFOAM has been used.Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Telecomunicación (ETSIT), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica (ETSIA), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial (ETSII), Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura y Edificación (ETSAE), Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos y de Ingeniería de Minas (ETSICCPIM), Facultad de Ciencias de la Empresa (FCCE), Parque Tecnológico de Fuente Álamo (PTFA), Vicerrectorado de Estudiantes y Extensión de la UPCT, Vicerrectorado de Investigación e Innovación de la UPCT, y Vicerrectorado de Internacionalización y Cooperación al Desarrollo de la UPCT

Evaluation of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for sarcoptic mange diagnosis and assessment in the Iberian ibex, Capra pyrenaica

[EN] Background: Sarcoptic mange is a contagious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, affecting different mammalian species worldwide including the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), in which mortalities over 90 % of the population have been reported. No efficient diagnostic methods are available for this disease, particularly when there are low mite numbers and mild or no clinical signs. In this study, three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) developed for dog (ELISA A), Cantabrian chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica parva) (ELISA B) and Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) (ELISA C), were evaluated to detect specific antibodies (IgG) to sarcoptic mange in Iberian ibex sera. Methods: Serum samples from 131 Iberian ibexes (86 healthy and 45 scabietic) were collected from 2005 to 2012 in the Sierra Nevada Natural and National Parks (southern Spain). Based on visual inspection, ibexes were classified into one of three categories, namely healthy (without scabietic compatible lesions), mildly affected (skin lesions over less than 50 % of the body surface) and severely affected (skin lesions over more than 50 % of the body surface). The optimal cut-off point, specificity, sensitivity and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated, and the agreement between tests was determined. Moreover, differences in the optical density (OD) related to scabies severity have been evaluated for the best test. Results: ELISA C showed better performance than the two other tests, reaching higher values of sensitivity (93.0 %) and specificity (93.5 %) against the visual estimation of the percentage of affected skin, chosen as the gold standard. Significantly higher concentrations of specific antibodies were observed with this test in the mildly and severely infested ibexes than in healthy ones. Conclusions: Our results revealed that ELISA C was an optimal test to diagnose sarcoptic mange in the Iberian ibex. Further studies characterizing immune response during the course of the disease, including spontaneous or drug induced recovery, should follow in order to better understand sarcoptic mange in Iberian ibex populationsSIThe Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio of the Junta de Andalucía supported sample collection and conservation through the projects 676/2006/A/00, 1571/2007/M/00, 173/2009/M/00 and 861/2011/M/ 00, as did the PAIDI Research Group RNM18 from the Junta de Andalucía. The Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of the Spanish Government funded the study through the research projects CGL2012-40043-C02-02 and CGL2016-80543-P, and a predoctoral grant (BES-2013-063931) to JE. ES was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência ea Tecnologia (Portugal), through the postdoctoral program (SFRH/BPD/96637/2013), and the University of Aveiro (Department of Biology) and FCT/MEC (CESAM RU UID/AMB/50017), co-financed by the FEDER within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. LR, DD and CC were supported by the Italian National PRIN Program “Genomics and host-pathogen interaction: a study model in the One-Health perspective

Sex-biased severity of sarcoptic mange at the same biological cost in a sexually dimorphic ungulate

Background: In sexually dimorphic species, male susceptibility to parasite infection and mortality is frequentlyhigher than in females. The Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) is a sexually dimorphic mountain ungulate endemic to the Iberian Peninsula commonly affected by sarcoptic mange, a chronic catabolic skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. Since 1992, sarcoptic mange affects the Iberian ibex population of the Sierra Nevada Natural Space (SNNS). This study aims at exploring whether mange severity, in terms of prevalence and its effects on body condition, is male-biased in Iberian ibex. Findings: One thousand and seventy-one adult Iberian ibexes (439 females and 632 males) were randomly shot-harvested in the SNNS from May 1995 to February 2008. Sarcoptic mange stage was classified as healthy, mildly infected or severely infected. Sex-biased prevalence of severe mange was evaluated by a Chi-square test whereas the interaction between mange severity and sex on body condition was assessed by additive models. Among scabietic individuals, the prevalence of severely affected males was 1.29 times higher than in females. On the other hand, both sexes were not able to take profit of a higher availability of seasonal food resources when sarcoptic, particularly in the severe stages. Conclusions: Sarcoptic mange severity is male-biased in Iberian ibex, though not mange effects on body condition. Behavioural, immunological and physiological characteristics of males may contribute to this partial sex-biased susceptibility to sarcoptic mange

A review of the combination among global change factors in forests, shrublands and pastures of the Mediterranean Region : beyond drought effects

Research in CRAG is also supported byCERCA institution (Generalitat de Catalunya).Climate change, alteration of atmospheric composition, land abandonment in some areas and land use intensification in others, wildfires and biological invasions threaten forests, shrublands and pastures all over the world. However, the impacts of the combinations between global change factors are not well understood despite its pressing importance. Here we posit that reviewing global change factors combination in an exemplary region can highlight the necessary aspects in order to better understand the challenges we face, warning about the consequences, and showing the challenges ahead of us. The forests, shrublands and pastures of the Mediterranean Basin are an ideal scenario for the study of these combinations due to its spatial and temporal heterogeneity, increasing and diverse human population and the historical legacy of land use transformations. The combination of multiple global change factors in the Basin shows different ecological effects. Some interactions alter the effects of a single factor, as drought enhances or decreases the effects of atmospheric components on plant ecophysiology. Several interactions generate new impacts: drought and land use changes, among others, alter water resources and lead to land degradation, vegetation regeneration decline, and expansion of forest diseases. Finally, different factors can occur alone or simultaneously leading to further increases in the risk of fires and biological invasions. The transitional nature of the Basin between temperate and arid climates involves a risk of irreversible ecosystem change towards more arid states. However, combinations between factors lead to unpredictable ecosystem alteration that goes beyond the particular consequences of drought. Complex global change scenarios should be studied in the Mediterranean and other regions of the world, including interregional studies. Here we show the inherent uncertainty of this complexity, which should be included in any management strategy

Point-of-care manufacturing: a single university hospital's initial experience

The integration of 3D printing technology in hospitals is evolving toward production models such as point-of-care manufacturing. This study aims to present the results of the integration of 3D printing technology in a manufacturing university hospital.Analysis and interpretation of the data supported by Project PI18/01625 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) and European Regional Development Fund (“Una manera de hacer Europa”)

Convenience or Necessity? The Formation of the Working Class in the Universidades Laborales of Franco’s Spain (1955-1978)

La política educativa franquista tuvo como uno de sus principales objetivos la formación de la clase obrera, por lo que una de las principales instituciones educativas creadas en la época fueron las Universidades Laborales. Este artículo se centra en analizar las finalidades que perseguían estas macroinstituciones al formar los futuros obreros españoles, empleando para su estudio diversas fuentes primarias —documentales, archivísticas, gráficas y jurídicas—. Las conclusiones señalan que los objetivos de las Universidades Laborales fueron, por un lado, la formación profesional especializada y, por el otro lado, su adoctrinamiento en los principios ideológicos propugnados por el régimen.One of the main objectives of Franco’s educational policy was the training of the working class, which is why one of the principal educational institutions created during that period were the Universidades Laborales. This article is focused on analyzing the ends sought by these macroinstitutions in preparing the future workers of Spain, and it makes use of a variety of primary sources —documentary, archival, graphic and juridical— in order to study the subject. The conclusions indicate that the objectives of the Universidades Laborales were, on the one hand, specialized professional training and, on the other hand, their indoctrination in the ideological principles advocated by the regime

Izaña Atmospheric Research Center. Activity Report 2019-2020

Editors: Emilio Cuevas, Celia Milford and Oksana Tarasova.[EN]The Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), which is part of the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), is a site of excellence in atmospheric science. It manages four observatories in Tenerife including the high altitude Izaña Atmospheric Observatory. The Izaña Atmospheric Observatory was inaugurated in 1916 and since that date has carried out uninterrupted meteorological and climatological observations, contributing towards a unique 100-year record in 2016. This reports are a summary of the many activities at the Izaña Atmospheric Research Center to the broader community. The combination of operational activities, research and development in state-of-the-art measurement techniques, calibration and validation and international cooperation encompass the vision of WMO to provide world leadership in expertise and international cooperation in weather, climate, hydrology and related environmental issues.[ES]El Centro de Investigación Atmosférica de Izaña (CIAI), que forma parte de la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología de España (AEMET), representa un centro de excelencia en ciencias atmosféricas. Gestiona cuatro observatorios en Tenerife, incluido el Observatorio de Izaña de gran altitud, inaugurado en 1916 y que desde entonces ha realizado observaciones meteorológicas y climatológicas ininterrumpidas y se ha convertido en una estación centenaria de la OMM. Estos informes resumen las múltiples actividades llevadas a cabo por el Centro de Investigación Atmosférica de Izaña. El liderazgo del Centro en materia de investigación y desarrollo con respecto a las técnicas de medición, calibración y validación de última generación, así como la cooperación internacional, le han otorgado una reputación sobresaliente en lo que se refiere al tiempo, el clima, la hidrología y otros temas ambientales afines