The effectiveness of graphic representation techniques used by industrial designers for the conceptual presentation of new products

[EN] Graphic techniques are very important means for designers. They can improve the conceptual presentation of new products before a client or a company, stimulating the communication of their potential, defending their benefits and making clear their commercial viability. To choose the most suitable graphic languages is essential so that the client can understand the proposal, allowing this way to establish a dialogue with the designer itself in order to improve the solution. Today the multiplication of graphic media has made it possible for the designers to have a wide range of ways to conduct and present their ideas, but it may happen that the graphic techniques chosen may not always be the most appropriate. This work aims to demonstrate the importance of graphic expression used as a tool for presenting ideas about new products, and evaluate the effectiveness of several graphic techniques in improving the client's understanding of the product, taking into account the conceptual clarity, the representation of the mode of use, the relationship with the user and the contextualization of the product in its habitat or use environment.Felip Miralles, F. (2017). The effectiveness of graphic representation techniques used by industrial designers for the conceptual presentation of new products. Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences. 4(2):97-113. doi:10.4995/muse.2017.7686SWORD9711342Bishop, I., & Lange, E. (2005). Presentation Style and Technology. En I. Bishop & E. Lange (Eds.), Visualization in landscape and enviromental planning: technology and applications (pp. 68-77). New York: Taylor&Francis.Brath, R., Peters, M., & Senior, R. (s. f.). Visualization for Communication: The Importance of Aesthetic Sizzle. Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV’05). doi:10.1109/iv.2005.145Crilly, N., Blackwell, A. F., & Clarkson, P. J. (2006). Graphic elicitation: using research diagrams as interview stimuli. Qualitative Research, 6(3), 341-366. doi:10.1177/1468794106065007Chulvi, V., Mulet, E., Felip, F., & García-García, C. (2016). The effect of information and communication technologies on creativity in collaborative design. Research in Engineering Design, 28(1), 7-23. doi:10.1007/s00163-016-0227-2García-García, C., Chulvi, V., Galán Serrano, J., Felip, F., Royo González, M. (2015) The use of social networks for invigorate the communication during the conceptual design phase in virtual projects. In Proceedings of 19th International Congress on Project Management and Engineering, Granada, Spain (pp. 277-290). AEIPROGarcía-García, C., Chulvi, V., Mulet Escrig, E., Felip, F. (2016) Comparative study of digital sketching tools for conceptual design of new products. In Proceedings of 20th International Congress on Project Management and Engineering, Cartagena, Spain (pp. 1028-1040). AEIPRO. http://www.aeipro.com/files/congresos/2016cartagena/03030.4603.pdfGonzález Alastrué, J. A., & Jover, L. (2004). Los gráficos en la comunicación y el razonamiento científicos: ¿instrumento u ornamento? Medicina Clínica, 122(Supl.1), 3-10. doi:10.1157/13057541Herbert, D. M. (1988). Study Drawings in Architectural Design: Their Properties as a Graphic Medium. Journal of Architectural Education, 41(2), 26-38. doi:10.1080/10464883.1988.1075847

Sketching as a communication tool and a vehicle for exploring new ideas in Higher Education of industrial design. Implementation and analysis of new methodologies

[EN] Freehand drawing is a basic tool to explore shapes and visualize ideas during the first phase of projective process in industrial design. Sketches, expressive and quickly executed, allow designers to highlight the most interesting aspects of the product to be designed and help to define its shape and general features. Due to the immediacy that characterizes the manual drafting industrial designers in training learn to become able to translate any ideas graphically and thus able to communicate with other designers, initiating a dialogue on the product to be designed. In the Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Design and Product Development Engineering at the Jaume I University of Castellón (Spain), the subject 'Artistic Expression II' maintains and strengthens the knowledge gained in other subjects about the different graphic techniques, making drawing a means of expression for represent, synthesize and define the shape of objects. However, it has been found that the subject procedures were not adequate to achieve the learning results proposed, so it was necessary to apply a new approach. This paper describes the implementation of a new methodological strategy on this subject, adapting it to the European Higher Education Area, with the aim that students in Industrial Design acquire the four core competences of this matter. We describe the activities designed to achieve each of the competences and the implemented methodology for each of these activities. Finally, the results are analyzed and the overall positive impact of the measures taken is discussed.The methodologies conducted in this subject are part of the educational improvement project with reference 3049/15, which has received funding from the Educational Support Unit (U.S.E.) of the Jaume I University, through the annual program 'Aids for educational innovation projects at the Jaume I University in the 2015/16 course'.Navarro, JL.; Felip Miralles, F. (2017). Sketching as a communication tool and a vehicle for exploring new ideas in Higher Education of industrial design. Implementation and analysis of new methodologies. Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences. 4(2):26-46. doi:10.4995/muse.2017.6349SWORD264642Carnevale, V. (2015). «To Design» or «To Draw»: Two Different Verbs, Two Different Abilities, One Result. The International Journal of Designed Objects, 8(1), 17-25. doi:10.18848/2325-1379/cgp/v08i01/38695Dong, H., Cifter, A. S., & Fan, Z. (2013). Methods for Improving Undergraduate Students’ Sketching Skills. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education, 41(4), 329-336. doi:10.7227/ijmee.41.4.7Herbert, D. M. (1988). Study Drawings in Architectural Design: Their Properties as a Graphic Medium. Journal of Architectural Education, 41(2), 26-38. doi:10.1080/10464883.1988.10758473Laseau, P. (2001). Graphic Thinking for Architects and Designers. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Travis, S. (2014). Sketching as a Tool for Seeing: A Method for Teaching Drawing to Architecture and Interior Design Students. The International Journal of Design Education, 7(3), 63-74. doi:10.18848/2325-128x/cgp/v07i03/3845

Changes in seed weight in response to different sources: sink ratio in oilseed rape

Little knowledge exists about the degree of source, sink and source: sink limitations on mean seed weight in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). The objective of this work was to analyze the nature and magnitude on seed weight response to assimilate availability during the effective seed-filling period in oilseed rape. Three Argentinean varieties, Eclipse, Impulse, and Master, were grown under field conditions, and at the beginning of the effective seed filling period, a broad range of source: sink manipulation combinations were produced. Source manipulations consisted of two incoming radiation (R) level reductions: 0% (Rn) and ~50% (Rs) combined with three different sources: sink treatments were applied: C, control; PR, ~50% pod removal, and D, 100% defoliation. Rs significantly reduced yield (15%) and MSW (12%) with respect to Rn, without significant effects on the rest of the sub yield components. Source:sink manipulation treatments significantly affected all yield components. PR diminished yield by 29%, reducing ca. 40% seeds pl-1 by reductions pods pl-1 (41%) with respect to Rn, whereas PR increased MSW by 19%, counterbalancing the reduction in seeds pl-1 and thereby in yield. When considering different seed positions along the main raceme, Rs reduced MSW by 12% independently of seed positions onto the raceme. On the contrary, PR increased MSW in average 17% with respect to C. Results reported here suggest that oilseed rape has source: sink co-limitation during the effective seed filling period, which is apparently higher than wheat and lower than maize. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.21091 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (1): 44-52, June, 201

Trophoblasts, invasion, and microRNA.

International audienceMicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently become essential actors in various fields of physiology and medicine, especially as easily accessible circulating biomarkers, or as modulators of cell differentiation. To this respect, terminal differentiation of trophoblasts (the characteristic cells of the placenta in Therian mammals) into syncytiotrophoblast, villous trophoblast, or extravillous trophoblast constitutes a good example of such a choice, where miRNAs have recently been shown to play an important role. The aim of this review is to provide a snapshot of what is known today in placentation mechanisms that are mediated by miRNA, under the angles of materno-fetal immune dialog regulation, trophoblast differentiation, and angiogenesis at the materno-fetal interface. Also, two aspects of regulation of these issues will be highlighted: the part played by oxygen concentration and the specific function of imprinted genes in the developing placenta

Invertibles in topological rings: a new approach

Every element in the boundary of the group of invertibles of a Banach algebra is a topological zero divisor. We extend this result to the scope of topological rings. In particular, we define a new class of semi-normed rings, called almost absolutely semi-normed rings, which strictly includes the class of absolutely semi-valued rings, and prove that every element in the boundary of the group of invertibles of a complete almost absolutely semi-normed ring is a topological zero divisor. To achieve all these, we have to previously entail an exhaustive study of topological divisors of zero in topological rings. In addition, it is also well known that the group of invertibles is open and the inversion map is continuous and C-differentiable in a Banach algebra. We also extend these results to the setting of complete normed rings. Finally, this study allows us to generalize the point, continuous and residual spectra to the scope of Banach algebras

Interactive architectures. Emerging visual practices in the interface city

[EN] We are living the transition from a static to a dynamic architecture driven by the integration of new technologies into the urban environment. In this scenario, citizens abandon their passive roles in order to consolidate their position as active agents of this change by proposing new ways to relate with the city A conceptual analysis of recent interactive urban installations confirmed two facts: firstly, the consolidation of a trend towards the creative use of light as a source of new visual languages to encourage dialogue between citizens and the urban environment; secondly, the provision of public spaces with technological resources to be practiced via interactivity encourages participation, and strengthens the link between citizens and their city, both of which are positive for urban development.[ES] Vivimos la transición de una arquitectura estática a una dinámica propiciada por la integración de las nuevas tecnologías en el entorno urbano. En este escenario los ciudadanos abandonan su rol pasivo para afianzarse como agentes activos de este cambio, proponiendo nuevos modos de relación con la ciudad. A través del análisis conceptual de recientes instalaciones urbanas interactivas es posible constatar dos hechos: por un lado, la consolidación de una tendencia hacia el uso creativo de la luz como germen de nuevos lenguajes visuales para promover el diálogo entre el ciudadano y el entorno urbano; y por otro, que dotar de recursos tecnológicos a espacios públicos con el fin de ser practicados desde la interactividad fomenta la participación y fortalece el vínculo del ciudadano con su ciudad, siendo positivo para el desarrollo urbano.El presente trabajo pertenece al proyecto de investigación ‘Arte y diseño en la nueva sociedad digital’, con código P1-1B2015-30 y financiado por la Universitat Jaume IFelip Miralles, F. (2019). Arquitecturas interactivas. Prácticas visuales emergentes en la ciudad interfaz. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 24(36):222-231. https://doi.org/10.4995/ega.2019.12087SWORD222231243

La Metáfora Interactiva. Arquitectura funcional y cognitiva del interface

La presente investigación se enmarca en un momento en el que el surgimiento de nuevos formatos en Tecnologías de la Comunicación define un escenario inédito en las prácticas sociales, culturales y artísticas. El acceso y gestión de la información quedan hoy definidos por una marcada interconexión, posibilitadora de un flujo dinámico de datos omnidireccional que contribuye a la gestación de una arquitectura social y cultural con trazas de globalidad. El interface electrónico, cuyas bases formales y funcionales quedan establecidas desde la labor interdisciplinar de informáticos, artistas y diseñadores, queda definido como un lenguaje en tanto que establece un diálogo entre el usuario y la máquina, haciendo uso de los recursos que le son propios con el fin de garantizar una eficacia comunicativa, y quedando condicionado desde su práctica individual y social por cambios diacrónicos de operatividad. Desde la colonización de las esferas actuales de la comunicación por parte de la imagen, y la estrecha vinculación de ésta con el lenguaje, es posible establecer un campo de estudio de naturaleza visual dentro del interface electrónico, donde la metáfora gráfica juega un papel esencial como vehículo en la asociación de ideas y directamente implicada en la optimización de las posibilidades de estos interfaces. El propósito de la investigación es establecer un marco desde el que estudiar la viabilidad de la hipótesis inicial, que defiende el uso de la metáfora aplicada al interface electrónico como vehículo necesario para el establecimiento de unos flujos cognitivos más eficaces que revierten en una mejor comprensión de la funcionalidad interactiva practicada en el sistema y posibilitan un diálogo más dinámico con la información. A tal fin se ha estructurado el trabajo en dos partes relacionadas: La primera parte establece un marco eminentemente teórico desde el que se aborda la revisión de los conceptos de lenguaje, imagen e icono, desde los cuales estudiamos la arquitectFelip Miralles, F. (2008). La Metáfora Interactiva. Arquitectura funcional y cognitiva del interface [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/2183Palanci

Immersive experiences during the conceptual phase of the architectural project: virtual reality as a tool for user participation in the co-creation process

La elevada competencia del mercado actual dificulta la contratación de proyectos singulares de viviendas unifamiliares. Por ello, resulta necesario agudizar el ingenio para ofrecer al cliente una visión diferencial respecto a las propuestas de otros competidores. En este contexto, se propone incorporar al propio usuario en el proceso proyectual durante la fase de desarrollo conceptual de la propuesta constructiva, utilizando la Realidad Virtual (RV). Sumergir al usuario en una experiencia sensorial inmersiva le permitiría vivir su propio espacio habitable antes de ser construido, permitiendo a diseñadores y arquitectos centrar la atención en el estudio personaliza-do de la iluminación natural y el diseño de los paramentos que actuaran como nexo entre el espacio interior y exterior de la vivienda. Esta forma de abordar el proyecto puede suponer una ventaja competitiva que contribuiría al posicionamiento del estudio arquitectónico como referente del mercado. Este trabajo analiza diferentes sistemas RV actuales que podrían ser adaptados durante el proceso de trabajo, y discute la ventaja que supone para los estudios de arquitectura esta metodología del proyecto frente a otras más convencionales.The high competitiveness of the current market makes it difficult to contract unique projects for single-family homes. Therefore, it is necessary to sharpen inventiveness in order to offer the customer a different vision compared to the proposals of other competitors. In this context, we propose to incorporate the user in the design process during the conceptual development stage of the construction proposal, using Virtual Reality (VR). Introducing the user to an immersive sensory experience would allow him/her to live his/her own living space before being built, al-lowing designers and architects to focus attention on the personalized study of natural lighting and the design of the walls that act as a connection between the interior and exterior space of the home. This way of approaching the project can provide a competitive advantage that would contribute to the positioning of the architectural studio as a referent in the market. This paper analyses different cur-rent VR systems that could be adapted during the work process, and discusses the advantage that this project methodology has for architectural studios compared to other more conventional ones.Universitat Jaume I P1·1B2015-30Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TIN2016-75866-C3-1-

Tratamiento de la boca seca: puesta al día

La boca seca es una situación muy común en la clínica odontológica y las causas que producen esta alteración de la secreción de saliva pueden ser múltiples. Es especialmente frecuente en personas de edad avanzada y en pacientes que están tomando gran cantidad de fármacos. El tratamiento de esta situación deberá estar relacionado con la eliminación de la causa que la produce y cuando esto no es posible se basará en el estimulo de la secreción salival con determinados fármacos o en la sustitución de la misma con las llamadas salivas artificiales. En este articulo queremos sistematizar de forma sucesiva las actuaciones terapéuticas a seguir en este tipo de pacientes.Dry mouth is a very common condition in dental practice, and the causes underlying this alteration in salivary secretion are diverse. The problem is particularly common in polymedicated elderly people. Treatment should aim to eliminate the background cause; however, when this is not possible, management should focus on the stimulation of salivation or the provision of a saliva substitute. The present study provides a systematic account of the management protocol for patients with dry mouth