La necesidad de la pena como criterio determinante en la procedencia de la regla del artículo 103 del Código Penal en ilícitos de lesa humanidad: Comentario a la sentencia 34.447-2016 de la Corte Suprema

In the Supreme Court an intense debate exists on the proceeds of the rule of the article 103 of the Penal Code in the crimes against humanity because of the prohibition that the Humanitarian International Criminal Law establishes for the full prescription of those crimes. The resolution of the controversy has happened for determining if the foundations of the prescription, specially of «need of sentence», are diverse or analogous to those of the so-called «half prescription».En la Corte Suprema existe un intenso debate sobre la procedencia de la regla del artículo 103 del Código Penal en los delitos de lesa humanidad debido a la prohibición que el derecho penal humanitario internacional establece para la prescripción plena de aquellos ilícitos. La resolución de la controversia ha pasado por determinar si los fundamentos de la prescripción, especialmente el de «necesidad de la pena», son diversos o análogos a los de la llamada «media prescripción»

Hierarchical clustered register file organization for VLIW processors

Technology projections indicate that wire delays will become one of the biggest constraints in future microprocessor designs. To avoid long wire delays and therefore long cycle times, processor cores must be partitioned into components so that most of the communication is done locally. In this paper, we propose a novel register file organization for VLIW cores that combines clustering with a hierarchical register file organization. Functional units are organized in clusters, each one with a local first level register file. The local register files are connected to a global second level register file, which provides access to memory. All intercluster communications are done through the second level register file. This paper also proposes MIRS-HC, a novel modulo scheduling technique that simultaneously performs instruction scheduling, cluster selection, inserts communication operations, performs register allocation and spill insertion for the proposed organization. The results show that although more cycles are required to execute applications, the execution time is reduced due to a shorter cycle time. In addition, the combination of clustering and hierarchy provides a larger design exploration space that trades-off performance and technology requirements.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Modulo scheduling with integrated register spilling for clustered VLIW architectures

Clustering is a technique to decentralize the design of future wide issue VLIW cores and enable them to meet the technology constraints in terms of cycle time, area and power dissipation. In a clustered design, registers and functional units are grouped in clusters so that new instructions are needed to move data between them. New aggressive instruction scheduling techniques are required to minimize the negative effect of resource clustering and delays in moving data around. In this paper we present a novel software pipelining technique that performs instruction scheduling with reduced register requirements, register allocation, register spilling and inter-cluster communication in a single step. The algorithm uses limited backtracking to reconsider previously taken decisions. This backtracking provides the algorithm with additional possibilities for obtaining high throughput schedules with low spill code requirements for clustered architectures. We show that the proposed approach outperforms previously proposed techniques and that it is very scalable independently of the number of clusters, the number of communication buses and communication latency. The paper also includes an exploration of some parameters in the design of future clustered VLIW cores.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Comparative transcriptomic analysis unveils interactions between the regulatory CarS protein and light response in Fusarium

Background The orange pigmentation of the agar cultures of many Fusarium species is due to the production of carotenoids, terpenoid pigments whose synthesis is stimulated by light. The genes of the carotenoid pathway and their regulation have been investigated in detail in Fusarium fujikuroi. In this and other Fusarium species, such as F. oxysporum, deep-pigmented mutants affected in the gene carS, which encodes a protein of the RING-finger family, overproduce carotenoids irrespective of light. The induction of carotenogenesis by light and its deregulation in carS mutants are achieved on the transcription of the structural genes of the pathway. We have carried out global RNA-seq transcriptomics analyses to investigate the relationship between the regulatory role of CarS and the control by light in these fungi. Results The absence of a functional carS gene or the illumination exert wide effects on the transcriptome of F. fujikuroi, with predominance of genes activated over repressed and a greater functional diversity in the case of genes induced by light. The number of the latter decreases drastically in a carS mutant (1.1% vs. 4.8% in the wild-type), indicating that the deregulation produced by the carS mutation affects the light response of many genes. Moreover, approximately 27% of the genes activated at least 2-fold by light or by the carS mutation are coincident, raising to 40% for an 8-fold activation threshold. As expected, the genes with the highest changes under both regulatory conditions include those involved in carotenoid metabolism. In addition, light and CarS strongly influence the expression of some genes associated with stress responses, including three genes with catalase domains, consistent with roles in the control of oxidative stress. The effects of the CarS mutation or light in the transcriptome of F. oxysporum were partially coincident with those of F. fujikuroi, indicating the conservation of the objectives of their regulatory mechanisms. Conclusions The CarS RING finger protein down-regulates many genes whose expression is up-regulated by light in wild strains of the two investigated Fusarium species, indicating a regulatory interplay between the mechanism of action of the CarS protein and the control by light.España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, project BIO2015–69613-REspaña, Junta de Andalucía project CTS-6638 CTS-66

A novel lncRNA as a positive regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis in Fusarium

The fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium fujikuroi produce carotenoids, lipophilic terpenoid pigments of biotechnological interest, with xanthophyll neurosporaxanthin as the main end product. Their carotenoid biosynthesis is activated by light and negatively regulated by the RING-finger protein CarS. Global transcriptomic analysis identified in both species a putative 1-kb lncRNA that we call carP, referred to as Fo-carP and Ff-carP in each species, upstream to the gene carS and transcribed from the same DNA strand. Fo-carP and Ff-carP are poorly transcribed, but their RNA levels increase in carS mutants. The deletion of Fo-carP or Ff-carP in the respective species results in albino phenotypes, with strong reductions in mRNA levels of structural genes for carotenoid biosynthesis and higher mRNA content of the carS gene, which could explain the low accumulation of carotenoids. Upon alignment, Fo-carP and Ff-carP show 75-80% identity, with short insertions or deletions resulting in a lack of coincident ORFs. Moreover, none of the ORFs found in their sequences have indications of possible coding functions. We conclude that Fo-carP and Ff-carP are regulatory lncRNAs necessary for the active expression of the carotenoid genes in Fusarium through an unknown molecular mechanism, probably related to the control of carS function or expressio

Validation of the Scale of Emotional States in the Physical Education Context

The purpose of the present study was to validate an instrument of student emotional experiences in the Spanish Physical Education context. The sample of participants consisted of 864 secondary education students from various educational institutions of Spain who ranged in age from 13 to 19 years. To assess the psychometric properties of the Scale of Emotions in Physical Education (SEPE), various types of analyses were conducted. The factor structure of the SEPE was examined through confirmatory factorial analysis in relation to two models. In the first model, it was proposed that the eight first order factors, which represented the eight emotional states, would be correlated amongst each other. In the second model, an eight-factor model with two higher order factors was proposed, with these higher order factors representing distinct sets of positive and negative emotions. The results provide support the presence of an eight-factor second order model which consisted of sets of four positive emotions and four negative emotions. These results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the SEPE within the Spanish Physical Education context

Desarrollo de un escritorio digital para la captura, transcripción y gestión multimodal e interactiva de documentos manuscritos

[EN] This Master Thesis presents the design and implementation of the human-computer interface for the multidisciplinary project titled "Captura, transcripción y gestión multimodal e interactiva de documentos manuscritos". The objective of the interface is to help the user to manipulate the system, so it will be easy, intuitive and efficient. It has been developed a basic visualization and document management system, that allows the user to interact with the different parts of the system, as the document capture, processing, edition, printing, and storage[ES] El presente trabajo final de Máster consiste en el diseño e implementación de la interfaz humanocomputador para el proyecto multidisciplinar titulado “Captura, transcripción y gestión multimodal e interactiva de documentos manuscritos”. Dicha interfaz tiene como objetivo facilitar al usuario la utilización del sistema, de forma que pueda realizar las tareas de dicho proyecto de una forma sencilla, intuitiva y eficaz. Para ello se ha diseñado un sistema básico de visualización y gestión de documentos, que permite interaccionar con las distintas partes del sistema, como son la captura de documentos, su procesamiento, edición, impresión y almacenamiento.Vicente Parra, FJ. (2013). Desarrollo de un escritorio digital para la captura, transcripción y gestión multimodal e interactiva de documentos manuscritos. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/44381Archivo delegad

Programa QtCAM para el diseño y análisis de mecanismos planos de leva-palpador

El presente proyecto final de carrera presentará una aplicación desarrollada en Java y MySQL para la impresión de recetas médicas. La necesidad de este proyecto surgió dos años después de la publicación del Real Decreto 1718/2010, de 17 de diciembre, sobre receta médica y órdenes de dispensación. Tras situar al lector en contexto, se presentará una posible solución a dicha necesidad mediante un programa de escritorio que pretende ser portable, ágil y fácil de usar independientemente del nivel de conocimientos de informática que el usuario posea. Cabe destacar que el presente proyecto se centrará exclusivamente en el ámbito de la medicina privada, particularmente en la provincia de Barcelona. El proyecto se centra en la mencionada provincia para garantizar la validez de la información presentada. De otra forma, para poder generalizar, se debería verificar que el resto de colegios de médicos no ha adoptado ninguna medida adicional o distinta en algún aspecto. Este hecho, que se realiza como puro aspecto formal, no limita la utilidad del proyecto dado que la necesidad es común en toda España. Para aplicar la solución presentada en cualquier otra provincia, simplemente habría que verificar si el respectivo colegio de médicos ha añadido algún matiz en su normativa y realizar los cambios pertinentes