O império luso-brasileiro e a questão da dependência inglesa - um estudo de caso: a política mercantilista durante a Época Pombalina e a sombra do Tratado de Methuen

In this paper, the author analyzes the relations between Portugal and England during the 18th century, with emphasis on the period corresponding to the reign of D. José I, during which the Marquis of Pombal, his Secretary of State, wielded considerable power. With the Treaty of Methuen (1703) as a backdrop, the text addresses the issues which, over successive periods, marked the tensions and conflicts in the economic and diplomatic relations between England and Portugal. Special attention is given to the review of documents of the era, from the National Library of Lisbon and the Lisbon Academy of Sciences. Contrary to what a rather crystallized tradition teaches us, the British-Portuguese relations during Pombal's period are rather ambiguous, fluctuating between Portugal's dependence with regard to economic interests and British political support, and the defense of trade, manufacturing and agricultural interests of the Portuguese crown and its overseas empire

O império luso-brasileiro e a questão da dependência inglesa - um estudo de caso: a política mercantilista durante a Época Pombalina e a sombra do Tratado de Methuen [The Luso-Brazilian Empire and the issue of British dependence - a case study: mercantilist policy during the Pombal Era and the shadow cast by the Treaty of Methuen]

In this paper, the author analyzes the relations between Portugal and England during the 18th century, with emphasis on the period corresponding to the reign of D. José I, during which the Marquis of Pombal, his Secretary of State, wielded considerable power. With the Treaty of Methuen (1703) as a backdrop, the text addresses the issues which, over successive periods, marked the tensions and conflicts in the economic and diplomatic relations between England and Portugal. Special attention is given to the review of documents of the era, from the National Library of Lisbon and the Lisbon Academy of Sciences. Contrary to what a rather crystallized tradition teaches us, the British-Portuguese relations during Pombal's period are rather ambiguous, fluctuating between Portugal's dependence with regard to economic interests and British political support, and the defense of trade, manufacturing and agricultural interests of the Portuguese crown and its overseas empire.mercantilism, Pombal era, protectionism, Anglo-Portuguese trade treaties, trade companies

História e memória: origens e desenvolvimento do programa de pós-graduação em História da Universidade Federal Fluminense

At the invitation of the journal História da Historiografia, Francisco José Calazans Falcon prepared this narrative about the development of the Postgraduate History course at the Fluminense Federal University (UFF). Combining history and memory, this exercise of contextualization was developed by a professional who collaborated in the creation of several postgraduate courses in Rio de Janeiro and played a significant role in the process of constructing the postgraduate field of history in Brazil.A convite da revista História da Historiografia, Francisco José Calazans Falcon elaborou esta narrativa sobre o desenvolvimento do programa de pós-graduação em história da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Conjugando história e memória, este exercício de contextualização foi desenvolvido por um profissional que colaborou na criação de diversos programas de pós-graduação no Rio de Janeiro, uma parte significativa do processo de construção da pós-graduação em história no Brasil

Small particle-size talc is associated with poor outcome and increased inflammation in thoracoscopic pleurodesis

Rationale: Talc is very effective for pleurodesis, but there is concern about complications, especially acute respiratory distress syndrome. Objectives: It was the aim of this study to investigate if talc with a high concentration of small particles induces greater production of cytokines, and if pleural tumor burden has any influence on the local production and spillover of cytokines to the systemic circulation and eventual complications. Methods: We investigated 227 consecutive patients with malignant effusion submitted to talc pleurodesis. One hundred and three patients received 'small-particle talc' (ST; containing about 50% particles <10 ¿m) and 124 received 'large-particle talc' (with <20% particles <10 ¿m). Serial samples of both pleural fluid and blood were taken before and 3, 24, 48 and 72 h after thoracoscopy. Also, mesothelial cells were stimulated with both types of talc in vitro. Measurements and Results: Interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-¿, vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and thrombin-antithrombin complex were measured in all samples. Early death (<7 days after talc) occurred in 8 of 103 patients in the ST and in 1 of 124 in the 'large-particle talc' group (p = 0.007). Patients who received ST had significantly higher proinflammatory cytokines in pleural fluid and serum after talc application, and also in supernatants of the in vitro study. Pleural tumor burden correlated positively with proinflammatory cytokines in serum, suggesting that advanced tumor states induce stronger systemic reactions after talc application. Conclusions: ST provokes a strong inflammatory reaction in both pleural space and serum, which is associated with a higher rate of early deaths observed in patients receiving it.Instituto de Salud Carlos III FIS 04/028

Aprendizaje basado en problemas y su incidencia en el aprendizaje colaborativo de la asignatura Algoritmos en estudiantes Universitarios. Lima, 2023

El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer la correlación del aprendizaje basado en problemas y el aprendizaje colaborativo en estudiantes universitarios para la asignatura de algoritmos, Lima, 2023. En detalle al método de trabajo se empleó un diseño no experimental y descriptivo, mediante el enfoque cuantitativo, tomando como referencia a las dificultades del aprendizaje y la productividad académica de los que estudian la asignatura algoritmos. En el estudio se aplicó a 100 universitarios, determinándose múltiples cuestionarios que fueron rigurosamente validados por expertos, además la confiabilidad se analizó por Alpha de Cronbach (0.8099) resultando ser aceptable para ejecutar en el proyecto y permitir evaluar las variables del estudio. Por ello, se observó el informe de ajuste donde el valor de significancia es p-valor = 0.004 menor al margen de error α=0.05, es decir, existe incidencia significativa del ABP (Compresión del problema, Adquisición del aprendizaje, Solución del problema, Retroalimentación de conocimientos) en el AC (Interdependencia positiva, Responsabilidad individual y de equipo, Interacción estimuladora, Gestión interna de equipo), debido a que este método activo beneficia al desarrollo de habilidades y capacidades complementarias para el progreso de la sociedad educativa

Extracellular Vesicles of Hypoxic Adipocytes and Obese Subjects Reduce Insulin-stimulated Glucose Uptake

Scope We investigate the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from in vitro adipocyte cell models and from obese subjects on glucose transport and insulin responsiveness. Methods and results EVs are isolated from the culture supernatant of adipocytes cultured under normoxia, hypoxia (1% oxygen), or exposed to macrophage conditioned media (15% v/v). EVs are isolated from the plasma of lean individuals and subjects with obesity. Cultured adipocytes are incubated with EVs and activation of insulin signalling cascades and insulin‐stimulated glucose transport are measured. EVs released from hypoxic adipocytes impair insulin‐stimulated 2‐deoxyglucose uptake and reduce insulin mediated phosphorylation of AKT. Insulin‐mediated phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) is not affected. EVs from individuals with obesity decrease insulin stimulated 2‐deoxyglucose uptake in adipocytes (p = 0.0159). Conclusion EVs released by stressed adipocytes impair insulin action in neighboring adipocytes

Extracellular vesicles from hypoxic adipocytes and obese subjects reduce insulin-stimulated glucose uptake

Scope We investigate the effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from in vitro adipocyte cell models and from obese subjects on glucose transport and insulin responsiveness. Methods and results EVs are isolated from the culture supernatant of adipocytes cultured under normoxia, hypoxia (1% oxygen), or exposed to macrophage conditioned media (15% v/v). EVs are isolated from the plasma of lean individuals and subjects with obesity. Cultured adipocytes are incubated with EVs and activation of insulin signalling cascades and insulin‐stimulated glucose transport are measured. EVs released from hypoxic adipocytes impair insulin‐stimulated 2‐deoxyglucose uptake and reduce insulin mediated phosphorylation of AKT. Insulin‐mediated phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) is not affected. EVs from individuals with obesity decrease insulin stimulated 2‐deoxyglucose uptake in adipocytes (p = 0.0159). Conclusion EVs released by stressed adipocytes impair insulin action in neighboring adipocytes