O REGISTRO MAIS AO NORTE DO BRASIL DO CARANGUEJO DE CORAL Carpilius corallinus (HERBST, 1783) (DECAPODA: CARPILIIDAE) COLETADO COMO FAUNA ACOMPANHANTE NO GRANDE SISTEMA DE RECIFES AMAZÔNICOS

The coral crab Carpilius corallinus (Herbst, 1783) is popularly known in Brazil as “Guajá”, which is widely distributed in tropical marine areas, associated with coral reefs in costal zones. C. coralinus occurs in Brazilian waters with disjoint distribution, covering the States from Ceará to Alagoas, with specific records in States of Bahia, São Paulo, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Rocas Atoll. Here, we report the northernmost record of C. coralinus, from State of Pará with its occurrence on Great Amazon Reef System (GARS). Was collected one male specimen as bycatch in artisanal fisheries on Amazon River Mouth (01°24'55.008"N; 046°39'58.86"W) at depth of 76.2 m. This record fills the gap on distribution of C. coralinus in Brazil, and increase number of crabs species occurring in Great Amazon Reef System (Pará).Keywords: Amazon River Mouth; Coral associated crab; North coast; State of Pará; Artisanal Fisheries.O caranguejo de coral Carpilius corallinus (Herbst, 1783) é popularmente conhecido no Brasil como “Guajá”, o qual é amplamente distribuído em áreas marinhas tropicais, associados com recifes de corais em zonas costeiras. C. coralinus ocorre em águas Brasileiras com distribuição disjunta, cobrindo os Estados do Ceará a Alagoas, com registros específicos nos Estados da Bahia, São Paulo, Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha e Atol das Rocas. Aqui, nós reportamos o registro mais ao norte do C. coralinus para o Estado do Pará com sua ocorrência no Grande Sistema de Recifes da Amazônia (GSRA). Foi coletado um espécime macho como fauna acompanhante da pesca artesanal na Boca do Rio Amazonas (01°24'55.008"N; 046°39'58.86"W) na profundidade de 76.2 m. Esse registro preenche a lacuna de distribuição do C. coralinus no Brasil, e aumenta o número de espécies de caranguejo ocorrendo no Grande Sistema de Recifes da Amazônia (Pará).Palavras-Chaves: Boca do Rio Amazonas, Caranguejo associado a coral, Costa Norte, Estado do Pará, Pesca Artesanal

Influência da suplementação com monensina sódica no desempenho produtivo de garrotes mantidos em semi-confinamento

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação de monensina sódica sobre os parâmetros produtivos de bovinos em regime de semi-confinamento. Foram utilizados 30 garrotes cruzados, inteiros e com um ano de idade, pesados e divididos em dois lotes homogêneos: controle e suplementado com monensina sódica na dose de 200 mg por animal/dia. Os grupos foram mantidos em pastagem e receberam dieta concentrada calculada em 0,6% do peso corporal. O estudo teve duração de 60 dias e foram realizadas pesagens dos animais zero, e 60. Amostras de forragem foram obtidas nos dias zero e 30 do estudo para determinação do teor de proteína bruta. Os resultados do ganho de peso, teor de proteína nos capins foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste T de Student para comparação entre os grupos. Não existiram diferenças significativas entre os teores médios de proteína bruta na forragem dos piquetes dos grupos no decorrer do experimento. O ganho de peso total e diário foram superiores nos bovinos suplementados com monensina (p<0,05). A suplementação com monensina sódica, na dose de 200 mg/dia, incrementou o ganho de peso de garrotes em 8,6%. O retorno financeiro obtido com o uso desse aditivo foi compensador em sistemas de semi-confinamento

Antiulcerogenic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Annona muricata Linnaeus in mice

AbstractAnnona muricata Linnaeus, popularly known as “graviola” and also called soursop, is a species typical of countries with a tropical climate, and it is used in folk medicine as an anticancer, analgesic and antispasmodic agent. The aim of the present study was to validate the gastroprotective activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of A. muricata (HEAM) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action for this effect. Gastric lesions were induced in mice by absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol or indomethacin. Before, the animals were pretreated with saline, omeprazole or HEAM orally at doses of 50–400mg/kg. To determine the mechanism of action of the extract, we investigated, using specific inhibitors, the involvement of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins (PGEs), ATP-dependent K+ channels and α2-noradrenergic receptors. HEAM showed significant antiulcer activity against lesions induced by absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol or indomethacin, which was mediated by endogenous gastric prostaglandins

Dietary Zinc Supplementation to Prevent Chronic Copper Poisoning in Sheep

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether zinc (Zn) supplementation protects against hepatic copper (Cu) accumulation in copper-loaded sheep. Forty cross-bred lambs were assigned to five experimental groups. These included the control group (C) and four treatment groups that received Cu and/or Zn supplementation (dry matter (DM) basis) over 14 weeks, as follows: Cu (450 mg Cu/kg); Zn-35 (450 mg Cu + 35 mg Zn/kg); Zn-150 (450 mg Cu + 150 mg Zn/kg); and Zn-300 (450 mg Cu + 300 mg Zn/kg). Blood, liver, and bile samples were obtained for mineral determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). The hepatic metallothionein (MT) concentrations were also determined. At the end of the experiment, hepatic Cu concentrations were higher in all Cu-supplemented groups than in C. Hepatic Cu accumulation was lower in the groups receiving the Zn supplementation than in the Cu group, although the difference was only statistically significant (66%) in the Zn-300 group. The MT concentrations tended to be higher (almost two-fold) in the Zn groups (but were not dose related) than in the C and Cu groups, and they were related to hepatic Zn concentrations. Zn supplementation at 300 mg/kg DM is useful for preventing excessive hepatic Cu accumulation in sheep exposed to high dietary concentrations of CuThis research was funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). A research productivity fellowship was granted by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) to AHHMS

Prevention of acute ruminal lactic acidosis in sheep by probiotic or monensin supplementation: clinical aspects

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two additives (probiotic and monensin) over clinical parameters of sheep submitted to acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA). Eighteen sheeps were divided into three groups of six animals each as follows: probiotic group, supplemented with 4×109 CFU/animal/day of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; monensin group, supplemented with 33 mg of monensin sodium per kg of diet; and control group, without any supplementation. After 30 days of diet (75% of Coast-cross hay and 25% concentrate with 14% of crude protein) and additive intake, ARLA was induced in the all animals by intraruminal administration of 15g of sucrose per kilogram (kg) of body weight. Complete physical examinations to assess the vital signs of the animals were conducted at the following times: baseline (T0), six (T6h), 12 (T12h), 18 (T18h), 24 (T24h), 36 (T36h), and 48 (T48h) hours after ARLA induction. At those times, blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma volume deficit (PVD) and ruminal content for pH measurement. All animals experienced clinical signs of ARLA with ruminal pH lower than 4.9 at T24h. The heart rate and PVD were lower (P < 0.05) in the probiotic group at T36h. Compared to the control and monensin groups, the probiotic group experienced milder ARLA characterized by lower degrees of dehydration and fewer clinical symptoms

COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV: Peering through the waves

Objective: To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with HIV, and to compare with a paired sample without HIV infection. Methods: This is a substudy of a Brazilian multicentric cohort that comprised two periods (2020 and 2021). Data was obtained through the retrospective review of medical records. Primary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, and death. Patients with HIV and controls were matched for age, sex, number of comorbidities, and hospital of origin using the technique of propensity score matching (up to&nbsp;4:1). They were compared using the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact tests for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon for numerical variables. Results: Throughout the study, 17,101&nbsp;COVID-19 patients were hospitalized, and 130&nbsp;(0.76%) of those were infected with HIV. The median age was&nbsp;54&nbsp;(IQR:&nbsp;43.0;64.0) years in&nbsp;2020 and 53&nbsp;(IQR:&nbsp;46.0;63.5) years in&nbsp;2021, with a predominance of females in both periods. People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and their controls showed similar prevalence for admission to the ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in the two periods, with no significant differences. In&nbsp;2020, in-hospital mortality was higher in the PLHIV compared to the controls (27.9%&nbsp;vs.&nbsp;17.7%; p&nbsp;=&nbsp;0.049), but there was no difference in mortality between groups in&nbsp;2021 (25.0%&nbsp;vs.&nbsp;25.1%; p &gt; 0.999). Conclusions: Our results reiterate that PLHIV were at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality in the early stages of the pandemic, however, this finding did not sustain in&nbsp;2021, when the mortality rate is similar to the control group