ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

GENOTOXICIDADE E CITOTOXICIDADE DA ÁGUA DO RIO PASSAÚNA: BIOENSAIO COM ALLIUM CEPA E RELAÇÃO COM NÍVEIS DE CAFEÍNA

Os recursos naturais se tornam cada vez mais limitados, em consequência da degradação ambiental. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar possível correlação entre dados de genotoxicidade/citotoxicidade, via teste de Allium cepa, em amostras de águas superficiais e determinações de concentração do micropoluente cafeína. Analisando-se amostras de água de um rio urbano, foi encontrada uma correlação positiva, R = 0,504 e p = 0,095, entre os valores de concentração de cafeína na água e o índice de aberrações cromossômicas (IAC), obtido no bioensaio, representando certa dependência entre as variáveis. Os resultados de citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade apresentaram variação no índice mitótico (IM) e aberrações cromossômicas (AC), respectivamente. Os resultados do bioensaio, quando relacionados à presença de cafeína, indicam a contaminação por esgoto contendo substâncias que podem levar a essas alterações, por exemplo, fármacos. Demonstra-se, assim, a potencialidade do uso das técnicas para auxiliar nas tomadas de decisão para proteção dos mananciais

Carbonate Production by Benthic Communities on Shallow Coralgal Reefs of Abrolhos Bank, Brazil

<div><p>The abundance of reef builders, non-builders and the calcium carbonate produced by communities established in Calcification Accretion Units (CAUs) were determined in three Abrolhos Bank shallow reefs during the period from 2012 to 2014. In addition, the seawater temperature, the irradiance, and the amount and composition of the sediments were determined. The inner and outer reef arcs were compared. CAUs located on the inner reef shelf were under the influence of terrigenous sediments. On the outer reefs, the sediments were composed primarily of marine biogenic carbonates. The mean carbonate production in shallow reefs of Abrolhos was 579 ± 98 g m^-2 y^-1. The builder community was dominated by crustose coralline algae, while the non-builder community was dominated by turf. A marine heat wave was detected during the summer of 2013–2014, and the number of consecutive days with a temperature above or below the summer mean was positively correlated with the turf cover increase. The mean carbonate production of the shallow reefs of Abrolhos Bank was greater than the estimated carbonate production measured for artificial structures on several other shallow reefs of the world. The calcimass was higher than the non-calcareous mass, suggesting that the Abrolhos reefs are still in a positive carbonate production balance. Given that marine heat waves produce an increase of turf cover on the shallow reefs of the Abrolhos, a decrease in the cover represented by reef builders and shifting carbonate production are expected in the near future.</p></div

Mean light intensity measured during the day on the shallow reefs between March of 2013 and February 2014.

<p>Mean light intensity measured during the day on the shallow reefs between March of 2013 and February 2014.</p

Mean light intensity measured during the day on the shallow reefs between March of 2013 and February 2014.

<p>Mean light intensity measured during the day on the shallow reefs between March of 2013 and February 2014.</p

Map of Abrolhos Bank, eastern Brazil, showing study sites and marine protected areas.

<p>1) Pedra de Leste, 2) Abrolhos Archipelago, 3) Parcel dos Abrolhos. Abrolhos Marine National Park is represented by polygons.</p

Abundance of reef-builder and non-builder organisms on shallow reefs (P. Leste, Archipelago and P. Abrolhos) after one year of colonization.

<p>Different letters above bars are used to indicate statistically differences (p< 0.05) of cover of organisms obtained through pair-wise tested after the PERMANOVA analysis.</p

Cover (%) of main organisms at the sites (PL, AA and PA) after one year of colonization.

<p>A = Ascidians; B = Bryozoans; C = Crustose coralline algae; D = Fleshy algae; E = Turfs. Different letters above bars are used to indicate statistically differences (p< 0.05) of cover of organisms obtained through pair-wise tested after the PERMANOVA analysis.</p

Daily mean sea-surface temperatures during December and January in Abrolhos Archipelago.

<p>A) 2012–2013, B) 2013–2014. Solid lines represent the mean summer temperature in both years.</p

Mean (± standard error) abundance (%) of colonizer organism groups for sites (PL, AA and PA), years (2012–2013, 2013–2014, 2012–2014) and periods of colonization (1 and 2 years) analyzed.

<p>Mean (± standard error) abundance (%) of colonizer organism groups for sites (PL, AA and PA), years (2012–2013, 2013–2014, 2012–2014) and periods of colonization (1 and 2 years) analyzed.</p