Quand voir c’est faire : l’énonciation performative et le trou de la serrure

Cet article propose d'explorer la vision d'un spectacle effectuée à partir d'un orifice à champ restreint. Les cas étudiés montrent que la modernité du procédé est sexuée. Les exemples tirés de Jean-Paul Sartre et de Marcel Proust se détachent clairement de ceux moins connus de France Huser et de Sylvie Germain. Partant de la proposition de John Langshaw Austin selon laquelle dire c'est faire, ces écritures visuelles démontrent que voir c'est aussi faire, que la vision autant que le langage est un acte producteur de signification. L'importance de « l'acte de discours visuel » se dessine alors à travers ces études d'oeuvres.The purpose of this article is to explore how an image is viewed through an aperture with a restricted field of vision. The cases under study suggest that the modernity of the procedure is gender determined. The specimens from Jean-Paul Sartre and Marcel Proust are clearly differentiated from those by France Huser and Sylvie Germain. Taking John Langshaw Austin's dictum, that saying is doing, a step further, these visual writings demonstrate that seeing also is doing - that vision as well as language is an act productive of signification. The importance of the "visual speech act" is then traced in the cases under study

Impact of multiple disturbances on microbiological quality of urban and peri-urban lakes

10 p.International audienceThis project will focus on global changes impact on the microbiological quality of urban and peri-urban lakes in Ile-de-France (France). The goal is to better understand the impact of anthropogenic pressures and changes of land use on bacterial populations in urban lakes, to identify indicators of quality and ecological status and to better evaluate the ecology of emerging waterborne pathogens such as nontuberculous mycobacteria. The study will include an annual survey of forty eight lakes and a monthly monitoring of the Créteil Lake to assess the temporal and spatial variations of bacterial communities, faecal contamination indicators and nontuberculous mycobacteria. A supplementary study will be undertaken to identify the favorable habitats of mycobacteria in urban lakes

DNA degradation in avian faecal samples and feasibility of non-invasive genetic studies of threatened capercaillie populations

We evaluated the feasibility of using faeces as a non-invasively collected DNA source for the genetic study of an endangered bird population (capercaillie; Tetrao urogallus). We used a multitube approach, and for our panel of 11 microsatellites genotyping reliability was estimated at 98% with five repetitions. Experiments showed that free DNases in faecal material were the major cause of DNA degradation. Our results demonstrate that using avian faeces as a source of DNA, reliable microsatellite genotyping can be obtained with a reasonable number of PCR replicate

Diversité microbienne en milieu aquatique urbain

La candidate a transmis un dossier présentant les grandes étapes de sa carrière incluant ses principales réalisations scientifiques, collaborations et activités de formation d'étudiants à divers niveaux universitaires dont les études doctorales. Ce dossier présente également les perspectives de recherche de F. LUCAS pour les prochaines années dont la description d'activités de recherche menées en partenariat avec diverses équipes de recherche via le projet ANR PULSE, et, de plus, des partenaires industrielles dans les contextes du PIREN-Seine et de la structure fédérative de l'Observatoire des Polluants Urbains (OPUR). Ces grands programmes et partenariats représentent un socle solide permettant d'entreprendre des travaux interdisciplinaires sur des questionnements majeurs en écologie microbienne dont la prédiction de l'évolution des communautés bactériennes en fonction des contraintes du milieu. Les travaux de F. LUCAS vont de l'acquisition de données fondamentales en écologie microbienne (diversité des peuplements) aux problématiques plus finalisées d'évaluation des dangers sanitaires microbiens associés à certaines pratiques de gestion des eaux en milieu urbain

Fracture toughness of the molten zone of resistance spot weld

International audienceA methodology for measuring the fracture toughness at crack initiation and the crack extension resistance of the molten zone of resistance spot welds under Mode I loading has been developed. The cross tensile test of U-shaped specimens was modified by crack growth monitoring and stress intensity factor determination. The resulting values of fracture toughness at crack initiation are independent of the nugget diameter and of the base material mechanical properties. The crack extension resistance seems to depend on base material mechanical properties and nugget diameter. Mixed cleavage + ductile mode associated to medium values of fracture toughness (54-90 MPa m 0.5 ) suggested a ductile to brittle transition behaviour. The relatively low fracture toughness (55-59 MPa m 0.5 ) associated to full interfacial ductile failure was quantitatively related to the high number density of small particles in the molten zone. This study opens the possibility to apply the local approach to fracture under monotonic loading to interfacial failure of resistance spot welds

Language specificity of lexical-phonological therapy in bilingual aphasia: A clinical and electrophysiological study

Based on findings for overlapping representations of bilingual people's first (L1) and second (L2) languages, unilingual therapies of bilingual aphasia have been proposed to benefit the untrained language. However, the generalisation patterns of intra- and cross-language and phonological therapy and their neural bases remain unclear. We tested whether the effects of an intensive lexical-phonological training (LPT) in L2 transferred to L1 word production in a Persian-French bilingual stroke patient with Broca's aphasia. Language performance was assessed using the Bilingual Aphasia Test, a 144-item picture naming (PN) task and a word–picture verification (WPV) task. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during PN and WPV in both languages before and after an LPT in French on a wordlist from the PN task. After the therapy, naming improved only for the treated L2 items. The naming performance improved neither in the untrained L2 items nor in the corresponding items in L1. EEG analyses revealed a Language x Session topographic interaction at 540 ms post-stimulus, driven by a modification of the electrophysiological response to the treated L2 but not L1 items. These results indicate that LPT modified the brain networks engaged in the phonological-phonetic processing during naming only in the trained language for the trained items