128 research outputs found

    Une longueur de pas optimale au sens de l'erreur de reprojection algébrique pour l'ajustement de faisceaux

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    National audiencel'ajustement de faisceaux repose sur des techniques de minimisation non linéaires au sens des moindres carrés, comme Levenberg-Marquardt ou Gauss-Newton. Ils fournissent itérativement des déplacements relatif dans l'espace des paramÚtres à optimiser. Les techniques de recherche de la longueur de pas (Line Search) visent à déterminer un pas de déplacement efficace pour chaque déplacement. Nous proposons dans cet article une nouvelle technique ad hoc de Line Search pour l'ajustement de faisceaux. L'idée principale est de déterminer la longueur idéale du pas de déplacement par une approximation de l'erreur de reprojection, en substituant la distance euclidienne par la distance algébrique. Notre méthode est comparée avec plusieurs algorithmes de minimisation nonlinéaires dans différentes configurations, sur des données synthétiques et réelles. Elle améliore la convergence de la minimisation de maniÚre efficace et rapide à chaque itération et réduit le temps de minimisation de 10% en moyenne

    Estimation de l'échelle des néoplasies en coloscopie par détection de la profondeur de défocalisation

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    National audienceLa coloscopie est l'examen mĂ©dical privilĂ©giĂ© dans le cadre du diagnostic et du traitement des maladies colorectales. Cette technique qualifiĂ©e de peu invasive permet aux gastro-entĂ©rologues d'explorer la cavitĂ© du cĂŽlon et d'ĂŽter les nĂ©oplasies - prolifĂ©rations cellulaires - telles que les polypes qui peuvent Ă©voluer en tumeurs malignes. La taille, la texture ainsi que la forme des nĂ©oplasies constituent des critĂšres essentiels Ă  leurs diagnostics. L'estimation de la taille est cependant difficile Ă  rĂ©aliser de part la perte de l'information de profondeur de la scĂšne imagĂ©e par le gastro-entĂ©rologue. Nous proposons une amĂ©lioration de notre technique de dĂ©tection de la Profondeur de DĂ©focalisation (PD) permet- tant l'estimation de l'Ă©chelle des scĂšnes endoscopiques par extraction de la PD au sein d'une sĂ©quence vidĂ©o. L'estimation conjointe du suivi affine de la nĂ©oplasie au cours de la sĂ©quence vidĂ©o et du flou de mise au point permet d'infĂ©rer avec une meilleure prĂ©cision la taille des nĂ©oplasies. Par ailleurs, la mĂ©thode proposĂ©e est mieux adaptĂ©e aux conditions rĂ©elles de coloscopie pour lesquelles la manipulation du gastroscope peut ĂȘtre dĂ©licate

    Estimation de l'échelle en coloscopie monoculaire par quantification du flou optique : étude de faisabilité

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    Session "Articles"National audienceLa coloscopie est aujourd'hui la procédure médicale privilégiée dans le cadre du diagnostic et du traitement des pathologies en gastroentérologie. Ce mode opératoire qualifié de "mini-invasif" repose sur l'utilisation d'un instrument optique flexible, le flexoscope, qui est introduit par voie basse dans le corps du patient pour permettre l'exploration du cÎlon. L'intervention est réalisée par un gastroentérologue qui s'appuie sur les images diffusées sur un moniteur afin d'établir un diagnostic et éventuellement procéder à la résection d'excroissances tumorales (néoplasies) si celles ci s'avÚrent malignes. La taille de ces excroissances constitue une information essentielle a leurs diagnostics mais elles s'avÚrent difficile à estimer pour le praticien qui ne dispose pas de l'information d'échelle de l'organe exploré. Les paramÚtres du systÚme optique monofocale des flexoscope sont fixes et l'équipement est difficilement modifiable pour envisager l'intégration de méthodes actives de mesures. Cette étude de faisabilité propose une procédure permettant l'estimation de l'échelle des scÚnes coloscopiques basée sur l'estimation de la fonction de transfert du systÚme optique du flexoscope par quantification du flo

    Une forĂȘt exemplaire : le bois de Gabor (Tarn), ses avatars du XIIIe au XXIe siĂšcle

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    The tiny ancient royal forest (30 ha) of Gabor, still intact since the 17 th century, has an extraordinary history. It belonged to the Counts of Toulouse since 1221, then became the property of the King in 1271 and in 1541 was subjected to the reformation. It was almost completely cleared for the purpose of growing woad, for which there was a flourishing market at the time. What remained of the forest was subjected to the coppicewith- reserves system but ruined by the officers in charge of tending to it. In 1666, Louis de Froidour notes that the oldest tree it contained was only 7 years old. Not wanting to use either the simple coppice or the high forest system on such a small surface area, he designed a long term plan for selecting standards, thus inventing the coppice-with-standards system. It was recorded in 1724 that his instructions were followed to the letter. The forest was sold as national property in 1796 and to this day has maintained many traces of its prestigious but little known past.Intacte depuis le XVIIe siĂšcle sur la commune de Lavaur (Tarn), la toute petite (30 ha) ancienne forĂȘt royale de Gabor a une histoire Ă©tonnante. Aux comtes de Toulouse depuis 1221, royale en 1271, elle fait l’objet d’une rĂ©formation en 1541. Elle a Ă©tĂ© presque totalement dĂ©frichĂ©e au profit de la culture du pastel, alors florissante. Le solde, cultivĂ© en taillis sous baliveaux, est ruinĂ© par les officiers chargĂ©s de sa garde. En 1666, Louis de Froidour y constate que l’arbre le plus ĂągĂ© n’a que 7 ans. Ne voulant ni la cultiver en taillis simple ni faire une futaie sur une si petite surface, il conçoit un plan de balivage Ă  long terme inventant lĂ  le taillissous- futaie. En 1724, il est constatĂ© que ses prescriptions ont Ă©tĂ© parfaitement suivies. Vendue comme bien national en 1796, la forĂȘt conserve toujours de nombreuses traces de son passĂ© prestigieux mais inconnu

    Towards the Industrialization of New MDO Methodologies and Tools for Aircraft Design

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    An overall summary of the Institute of Technology IRT Saint Exupery MDA-MDO project (Multi-Disciplinary Analysis - Multidisciplinary Design Optimization) is presented. The aim of the project is to develop efficient capabilities (methods, tools and a software platform) to enable industrial deployment of MDO methods in industry. At IRT Saint Exupery, industrial and academic partners collaborate in a single place to the development of MDO methodologies; the advantage provided by this mixed organization is to directly benefit from both advanced methods at the cutting edge of research and deep knowledge of industrial needs and constraints. This paper presents the three main goals of the project: the elaboration of innovative MDO methodologies and formulations (also referred to as architectures in the literature 1) adapted to the resolution of industrial aircraft optimization design problems, the development of a MDO platform featuring scalable MDO capabilities for transfer to industry and the achievement of a simulation-based optimization of an aircraft engine pylon with industrial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Structural Mechanics (CSM) tools

    Gut microbiota analysis reveals a marked shift to bifidobacteria by a starter infant formula containing a synbiotic of bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CNCM I-3446.

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    Non-digestible milk oligosaccharides were proposed as receptor decoys for pathogens and as nutrients for beneficial gut commensals like bifidobacteria. Bovine milk contains oligosaccharides, some of which are structurally identical or similar to those found in human milk. In a controlled, randomized double-blinded clinical trial we tested the effect of feeding a formula supplemented with a mixture of bovine milk-derived oligosaccharides (BMOS) generated from whey permeate, containing galacto-oligosaccharides and 3'- and 6'-sialyllactose, and the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) strain CNCM I-3446. Breastfed infants served as reference group. Compared with a non-supplemented control formula, the test formula showed a similar tolerability and supported a similar growth in healthy newborns followed for 12 weeks. The control, but not the test group, differed from the breast-fed reference group by a higher faecal pH and a significantly higher diversity of the faecal microbiota. In the test group the probiotic B. lactis increased by 100-fold in the stool and was detected in all supplemented infants. BMOS stimulated a marked shift to a bifidobacterium-dominated faecal microbiota via increases in endogenous bifidobacteria (B. longum, B. breve, B. bifidum, B. pseudocatenulatum)

    Juvenile neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: identification of novel central neuroinflammation biomarkers

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    International audienceIntroduction Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (j-SLE) is a rare chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs. Ranging from minor features, such as headache or mild cognitive impairment, to serious and life-threatening presentations, j-neuropsychiatric SLE (j-NPSLE) is a therapeutic challenge. Thus, the diagnosis of NPSLE remains difficult, especially in pediatrics, with no specific biomarker of the disease yet validated. Objectives To identify central nervous system (CNS) disease biomarkers of j-NPSLE. Methods A 5-year retrospective tertiary reference monocentric j-SLE study. A combination of standardized diagnostic criteria and multidisciplinary pediatric clinical expertise was combined to attribute NP involvement in the context of j-SLE. Neopterin and interferon-alpha (IFN-α) protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were assessed, together with routine biological and radiological investigations. Results Among 51 patients with j-SLE included, 39% presented with j-NPSLE. J-NPSLE was diagnosed at onset of j-SLE in 65% of patients. No specific routine biological or radiological marker of j-NPSLE was identified. However, CSF neopterin levels were significantly higher in active j-NPSLE with CNS involvement than in j-SLE alone ( p = 0.0008). Neopterin and IFN-α protein levels in CSF were significantly higher at diagnosis of j-NPSLE with CNS involvement than after resolution of NP features (respectively p = 0.0015 and p = 0.0010) upon immunosuppressive treatment in all patients tested ( n = 10). Both biomarkers correlated strongly with each other ( R s = 0.832, p < 0.0001, n = 23 paired samples). Conclusion CSF IFN-α and neopterin constitute promising biomarkers useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of activity in j-NPSLE

    Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

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    Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population
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